such2015年12月英语六级真题卷第三套(含答案)

Part I Writing

Direction

：

For

this

part,

you

are

allowed

30

minutes

to

write

a

short

essay

based

on

the

picture

below.

You

should

focus

on

the

harm

caused

by

misleading

information

online. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

It seems to be a law in the technology industry that leading companies eventually lose their

position, often quickly and brutally. Mobile phone champion Nokia, one of Europe's biggest

technology success stories, was no _____(37), losing its market share in just a few years.

Part

Ⅲ

Reading Comprehension

In

2007,

Nokia

accounted

for

more

than

40%

of

mobile

phone

sales

_____(38).

But

consumers'

preferences

were

already

_____(39)toward

touch-screen

smartphone.

With

the

introduction

of

Apple's

iPhone

in

the

middle

of

that

year,

Nokia's

market

share

_____(40)rapidly and revenue plunged. By the

end of 2013, Nokia had sold its phone

business to Microsoft.

What sealed Nokia's fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his

position

as

CEO,

which

he

_____(41)in

October

2010.

Each

day

that

Elop

spent

in

charge

of Nokia, the company's market value declined by $$23 million, making him, by the

numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history.

But Elop was not the only person at _____(42). Nokia's board resisted change,

making

it

impossible

for

the

company

to

adapt

to

rapid

shifts

in

the

industry.

Most

_____(43), JormaOllila, who had led Nokia's transition from an industrial company

to a technology giant, was too fascinated by the company's _____(44)success to

recognize the change that was needed to sustain its competitiveness.

The company also embarked on a _____(45)cost-cutting program, which included

the elimination of thousands of jobs. This contributed to the _____(46)of the

company's once-spirited culture, which had motivated employees to take risks and

make miracles. Good leaders left the company, taking Nokia's sense of vision and

direction with them. Not surprisingly, much of Nokia's most valuable design and

programming talent left as well.

d

ate

oration

ion

us

Section B

ntally

y

d

ng

itting

ide

First- Generation College-Goers: Unprepared and Behind

Kids

who

are

the

first

in

their

families

to

brave

the

world

of

higher

education

come on campus with little academic know-how and are much more likely than their

peers to drop out before graduation.

A)

When

Nijay

Williams

entered

college

last

fall

as

a

fires- generation

student

and Jamaican immigrant, he was academically unprepared for the rigors of higher

education.

Like

many

first- generation

student,

he

enrolled

in

a

medium-sized

state

university

many

of

his

high

school

peers

were

also

attending,

received

a

Pell

Grant,

and board and the closeness of the school to his family, he chose to live at home

and worded between 30 and 40 hours a week while taking a full class schedule.

B) What Nijay didn't realize about his school

—

Tennessee State University

—

was

its

frighteningly

low

graduation

rate:

a

mere

29

percent

for

its

first-generation

students. At the end of his first year, Nijay lost his Pell Grant of over $$5,000

after

narrowly

missing

the

2.0

GPA

cut-off,

making

it

impossible

for

him

to

continue

paying for school.

C) Nijay represents a large and growing group of Americans: first-generation

college

students

who

enter

school

unprepared

or

behind.

To

make

matters

worse,

these

schools

are

ill-equipped

to

graduate

these

students

—

young

adults

who

face

specific

challenges

and

obstacles.

They

typically

carry

financial

burdens

that

outweigh

those

of their peers, are more likely to work while attending school, and often require

significant academic remediation(

补习

).

D) Matt Rubinoff directs I'm First, a nonprofit organization launched last

October

to

reach

out

to

this

specific

population

of

students.

He

hopes

to

distribute

this information and help prospective college-goers find the best post-secondary

fit. And while Rubinoff

believes there are a good number of four-year

schools that

truly care about these students and set aside significant resources and programs

for them, he says that number isn't high enough.

E)

opportunities for a small subset of this population,

a majority of first- generation under graduates tend toward options such as online

programs, two-year colleges, and commuter stand schools.

tends to be a lack of information and support to help students think bigger and

broader.

F) Despite this problem, many students are still drawn to these institutions

—

and

two-year

schools

in

particular.

As

a

former

high

school

teacher,

I

saw

students

choose

familiar,

cheaper

options

year

after

year.

Instead

of

skipping

out

on

higher

education

altogether,

they

chose

community

colleges

or

state

schools

with

low

bars

for admittance.

G)

underestimate

themselves

when

selecting

a

university,

said

Dave

Jarrat,

a

marketing

executive

for

Inside

Track,

a

for-profit

organization

that

specializes

in coaching low- income students and supporting colleges in order to help students

thrive.

reality

of

it

is

that

a

lot

of

low-income

kids

could

be

going

to

elite

universities on a full ride scholarship and don't even realize it.

H)

experience of successfully completing higher education, so they are coming in

questioning

themselves

and

their

college

worthiness,

Jarrat

continued.

That

helps

explain

why,

as

I'm

First's

Rubinoff

indicated,

the

schools

to

which

these

students

end

up

resorting

can

end

up

being

some

of

the

poorest

matches

for

them.

The

University

of Tennessee and Tennessee State are worth comparing. Tennessee State's overall

graduation

rate

is

a

tiny

39

percent,

but

at

least

it

has

a

smaller

gap

between

the

outcomes for first-generation students and those of their peers.

I) Still, the University of Tennessee deserves credit for being transparent.

Many

large

institutions

keep

this

kind

of

data

secret

—

or

at

least

make

it

incredibly

difficult to find. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, for instance,

admits

only

that

the

graduation

rate

for

its

first-generation

pupils

is

lower

than the percentage of all students who graduate within four years (81 percent).

J)

It is

actually

quite difficult to

find

reliable

statisties on

the issue for

many schools. Higher education institutions are, under federal law, required to

report graduation rates, but these reports typically only include Pell recipient

numbers

—

not necessarily rates specific to first-generation students. Other

initiatives fail to break down the data, too. Imagine how intimidating it can be

for prospective students unfamiliar with the complexities of higher education to

navigate

this

kind

of

information

and

then

identify

which

schools

are

the

best

fit.

K)

It

was

this

lack

of

information

that

prompted

the

launch

of

I'm

First

in

2013,

originally

as

an

arm

of

its

umbrella

organization,

the

Center

For

Student

Opportunity.

we

can

help

to

direct

students

to

more

of

these

types

of

campuses

and

help

students

to understand them to

be realistic and accessible places, have them apply to these

schools

at

greater

frequency

and

ultimately

get

in

and

enroll,

we

are

going

to

raise

the success rate,

state institutions to smaller private schools.

L) Chelsea Jones, who now directs student programming at I'm First, was a

first-generation college student at Howard. Like other student new to the

intimidating higher-education world, she often struggled on her path to college.

wasn't really

a college-bound culture at

my high

school,

she said.

to go to college but I didn't really know the process.

a college-access program through Princeton University in high school. Now she

attributes

much

of

her

understanding

of

college

to

that:

But

once

I

got

to

campus,

it was a completely different ball game that no one really prepared me for.

M)

She

was

fortunate,

though.

Howard,

a

well- regarded

historically

black

college,

had

an

array

of

resources

for

its

first-generation

students,

including

matching

kids

with counselors, connecting first-generation students to one another, and TRIO, a

national program that supported 200 students on Howard's campus. Still, Jones

represents

a

small

percentage

of

first-generation

students

who

are

able

to

gain

entry

into

more

elite

universities,

which

are

often

known

for

robust

financial

aid

packages

and remarkably high graduation rates for first-generation students. (Harvard, for

example,

boasts

a

six-year

graduation

rate

for

underrepresented

minority

groups

of

98 percent.)

N) Christian Vazquez, a first-generation Tale graduate, is another exception,

his success story setting him far apart from students such as Nijay.

lot of support at Yale, to an extent, after a while, there is too much support.

he

said,

half-joking

about

the

countless

resources

available

at

the

school.

Students

are placed in small groups with counselors (trained seniors on campus); they have

access

to

cultural

and

ethnic

affinity(

联 系

)groups,

tutoring

centers

and

also

have

a summer orientation specifically for first-generation students (the latter being

one of the most common programs for students).

O)

you

are

going

to

do

well.'

he

said,

hinting

at

mentor s(

导师

),staff,

and

professors

who all provided significant support for students who lacked confidence about

first-generation college-goers have doubts about their abilities to get

a college degree.

-generation

college

students

tend

to

have

much

heavier

financial

burdens

than their peers.

graduation rate of first-generation students at Nijay's university was

incredibly low.

top

institutions

like

Yale

seem

to

provide

first- generation

students

with

more support than they actually need.