帅2013年6月四级真题仔细阅读部分(真题+翻译+解析)

2013

年

6

月四级真 题仔细阅读部分

Part IV

Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions:

In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word

for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage

through carefully

before making

your choices. Each

choice

in

the

bank

is

identified

by

a

letter.

Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on

Answer Sheet 2

with a single line through

the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Walking,

if

you

do

it

vigorously

enough,

is

the

overall

best

exercise

for

regular

physical

activity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the

47

risk of

injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your

neighborhood. To get

48

benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five

days a week.

Strength training is another important

49

of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and

50

bone

and

muscle

mass,

both

of

which

shrink

with

age.

In

general,

you

will

want

to

do

strength training two or three days a week,

51

recovery days between sessions.

Finally, flexibility and balance training are

52

important as the body ages. Aches and

pains

are

high

on

the

list

of

complaints

in

old

age.

The

result

of

constant

muscle

tension

and

stiffness of joints, many of them are

53

, and simple flexibility training can

54

these by

making

muscles stronger and keeping joints

lubricated

(

润滑

). Some of this

you

do whenever

you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you’ll get an idea of how natural it is. The general

55

is simple: whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to

56

stretch it

in an opposite position.

A) allowing

F) helping

K) prevent

B) avoidable

G) increasingly

L) principle

C) briefly

H) lowest

M) provoke

D) component

I) maintain

N) seriously

E) determined

J) maximum

O) topic

Section B

Directions:

There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or

unfinished

statements.

For

each

of

them

there

are

four

choices

marked

A),

B),

C)

and

D).

You

should

decide

on

the

best

choice

and mark

the

corresponding

letter

on

Answer

Sheet

2

with

a

single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Junk

food

is

everywher

e.

We’re

eating

way

too

much

of

it.

Most

of

us

know

what

we’re

doing and yet we do it anyway.

So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a

lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is so

ld and how it’s displayed?

“Many

policy

measures

to

control

obesity

（肥 胖症）

assume

that

people

consciously

and

rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and

more access to healthier foods,” note the two research

ers.

“In

contrast,”

the

researchers

continue,

“many

regulations

that

don’t

assume

people

make

rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance

—

like food

—

of

which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.”

The

research

references

studies

of

people’s

behavior

with

food

and

alcohol

and

results

of

alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if

applied to junk foods. Among them:

Density restrictions: lice

nses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are

allotted

（分配）

based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make

alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.

Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it.

So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories?

And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food sto

res?

Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash

registers in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive

-through facilities. At

supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares

in places where they’re easily seen. One

could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines.

The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for

junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.

57. What does the author say about junk food?

A) People should be educated not to eat too much.

B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.

C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.

D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.

58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?

A) They should be implemented effectively.

B) They provide misleading information.

C) They are based on wrong assumptions.

D) They help people make rational choices.

59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?

A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.

B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.

C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.

D) Easy access leads to customers’ over

-consumption.

60. What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?

A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.

B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.

C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.

D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.

61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?

A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.

B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.

C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.

D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Kod

ak’s decision to file for

bankruptcy

（破产）

pro tection is a sad, though not unexpected,

turning

point

for

a

leading

American

corporation

that

pioneered

consumer

photography

and

dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.

Although

many

attribute

Kodak’s

downfall

to

“

complacency

(

自满

)

,”

that

explanation

doesn’t

acknow

-ledge

the

lengths

to

which

the

company

went

to

reinvent

itself.

Decades

ago,

Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film

—

and in fact, Kodak invented

the first digital camera in 1975

—

but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new

discovery to focus on its traditional film business.

It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professo

r at Harvard

Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the

company realized its mistake, it was too late.

Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a

lot

of

money

trying

to

do

so,

but

ultimately

failed.

Large

companies

have

a

difficult

time

switching

into

new

markets

because

there

is

a

temptation

to

put

existing

assets

into

the

new

businesses.

Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its

corporate

（

企业的）

culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully

embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them.

Now their history has become a liability.

Kodak’s

downfall

over

the

last

several

decades

was

dramatic.

In

1976,

the

company

commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the

1980s

brought

new

competition

from

Japanese

film

company

Fuji

Photo,

which

undermined

Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the

role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went

instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.

62. What do we learn about Kodak?

A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.

B) It is approaching its downfall.

C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.

D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market.

63. Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?

A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.

B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.

C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.

D) To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo.

64. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?