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新视野大学英语（第三版）第二册课后翻译答案及原文
Unit 1
原文：
English
is
known
as
a
world
language,
regularly
used
by
many
nations
whose
English
is
not
their
first
language.
Like
other
languages,
English
has
changed
greatly.
The
history
of
the
English
language
can
be
divided
into
three
main
periods:
Old
English,
Middle
English
and
Modern
English.
The
English
language started with the invasion of
Britain by three Germanic tribes during the
5th
century
AD,
and
they
contributed
greatly
to
the
formation
of
the
English
language. During the medieval and early
modern periods, the influence of English
spread throughout the British Isles,
and from the early 17th century its influence
began
to
be
felt
throughout
the
world.
The
processes
of
European
exploration
and colonization for several centuries
led to significant change in English. Today,
American
English
is
particularly
influential,
due
to
the
popularity
of
American
cinema, television, music, trade and
technology, including the Internet.
翻译：
人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言，
经常被许多不以英语为第一
语言的国
家使用。
与其他语言一样，
英
语也发生了很大的变化。
英语的历史可以分为三个
主要阶段：古
英语，中古英语和现代英语。
英语起源于公元
5
世纪，当时三个日
耳曼部落入侵英国，
他们对英语语言
的形成起了很大的作用。
在中世纪和现代社
会初期，英语的影响
遍及不列颠群岛。从
17
世纪初，它的影响力开始在世界各
地显现。
欧洲几百年的探险和殖民过程导致了英语的重大变化。
今天，
由于美国
电影、电视、音乐、贸易和
技术、包括互联网的大受欢迎，美国英语的影响力尤
其显著。
原文：中国书法（
calligraphy
）是一门独特的艺术，是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰
宝。中国书法艺术的形成、发展与汉文字的产生与演进存在着密不可分的关系。
汉字在漫长的演变发展过程中，
一方面起着交流思想、
继承文化的重要作用，
另
一方面它本身又形成了一种独特的艺
术。
书法能够通过作品把书法家个人的生活
感受、学识、修养、
个性等折射出来，所以，通常有
字如其人
的说法。中国书
法不仅是中华民族的文化瑰宝，而且在世界文
化艺术宝库中独放异彩。
翻译：
Chinese calligraphy is a
unique art and the unique art treasure in the
world.
The formation and development of
the
Chinese
calligraphy is
closely
related to
the
emergence
and
evolution
of
Chinese
characters.
In
this
long
evolutionary
process,
Chinese characters have not only played an
important role in exchanging
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ideas
and
transmitting
culture
but
also
developed
into
a
unique
art
form.
Calligraphic
works
well
reflect
calligraphers'
personal
feelings,
knowledge,
self-cultivation, personality, and so
forth, thus there is an expression that
the calligrapher's handwriting is like
seeing the person
of Chinese culture,
Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the
world's treasure
house of culture and
art.
Unit 2
原文：
A
MOOC
(massive
open
online
course)
is
an
online
course
aimed
at
unlimited
participation
and
open
access
via
the
web.
MOOCs
are
a
recent
development
in
distance
education
and
have
now
become
a
surging
trend
in
higher education. These
classes are aimed at expanding a university's
reach from
thousands
of
tuition-paying
students
who
live
in
town,
to
millions
of
students
around
the
world.
In
addition
to
traditional
course
materials,
MOOCs
provide
interactive user
forums to support interactions between students
and professors.
MOOCs can encourage
communication among participants who bring a
variety of
viewpoints,
knowledge,
and
skills
to
the
course;
inspire
people
to
on
subjects
that
they
wouldn't
otherwise
pursue
or
even
try
on
education
itself;
provide multiple
ways to engage with course material, encouraging
multimodal
(
多模式的
)
learning
that
can
address
the
needs
of
learners
with
a
variety
of
learning
styles;
and
inspire
better
teaching
and
use
of
technologies
for
face-to-face courses.
翻译：
慕课是一种网络课程，
它旨在通过网络实现广泛参与和开放接入。
慕课是
远程教育迈出的最新一步，现已在高等教育领域迅速引领潮流
。通过这些课程，
大学可以扩大影响的范围，
从影响成千上万住
在城里付学费的学生，
扩展到惠及
全球上百万的学生。除了拥有
传统的课程资料，慕课还给使用者提供互动论坛，
支持学生和讲师之间的交流。慕课能够
促进参与者之间的交流，使得多种观点、
知识和技能涌现到课堂上来；
< br>它鼓励人们尝试之前不可能尝试的课程，
甚至是尝
试新的
教育方式；
它提供多种学习课程资料的方式，
鼓励多模式学习，
以各种学
习风格满足学习者的需求；
另
外，
慕课促进教学的改善，
使技术在面对面授课中
得以更好地应用。
原文
：
近年来，
随着互联网技术的发展，
我
国的数字化教育资源建设取得了巨大
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的成就。
很多高校建立了自己的数字化学习平台，
数
字化教学在教育中发挥着越
来越大的作用。和传统教学方式相比，数字化教学方式有很大
的优势。一方面，
数字化教学使教学资源得以全球共享；
另一方
面，
它拓展了学习者的学习时间和
空间，
人们可以随时随地通过互联网进入数字化的虚拟学校学习。
这使得人类从
接受一次性教育走向终身学习成为可能。
翻
译
：
In
recent
years,
with
the
development
of
Internet
technology,
the
construction
of
digital
education
resources
of
our
country
has
made
great
achievements. Many universities have
set up their own digital learning platforms,
and
digital
teaching
is
playing
an
increasingly
important
role
in
education.
Compared
with
the
traditional
way
of
teaching,
the
digital
way
has
a
lot
of
advantages.
On
one
hand,
digital
teaching
makes
global
sharing
of
teaching
resources
possible;
on
the
other
hand,
it
expands
the
learner's
study
time
and
space to
learn, allowing people to get access to the
digital virtual schools through
the
Internet
anytime
and
anywhere.
These
advantages
make
it
possible
for
people to shift from
one-time learning to lifelong learning.
Unit 3
原文：
As an
important part of the American culture value
system,
is
admired
by
most
American
people.
Americans
view
the
family
as
a
group
whose
primary purpose
is
to advance the
happiness
of
individual members.
In
contrast
to
many
other
cultures,
the
primary
responsibility
of
the
American
family
member
is
not
to
advance
the
family
as
a
group,
either
socially
or
economically. What would be best for
the family is not usually considered to be
as important as what would be best for
the individual. With freedom comes the
responsibility to care for oneself, for
it is the freedom of choice that carries with
it the responsibility: to accept the
consequences of the choices. Many Americans
give their children a lot of freedom
because they want them to be independent
and
self-reliant.
Along
with
the
American
emphasis
on
individual
freedom,
the
belief in equality between
parents and children also has had a
strong effect on
the family.
翻译：作为美国文化价值体系的一个重要组成部分，
个人主义
受到大多数美国
人的推崇。
美国人认为家庭作为一个群体，
其主要目的是促进家庭各成员的幸福。
与许多其他文化相比，
美国家庭成员的主要职责，
< br>不是在社会上或经济上提高整
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个家庭的地位。
人们通常认为，
什么是对个人最好的
要比什么是对家庭最好的更
为重要。与自由相伴而来的是照顾自己的责任，因为所选择的
自由承载了责任，
即必须接受自己的选择所带来的后果。
许多美
国人给他们的孩子很多的自由，
因
为他们希望孩子们能够独立和
自力更生。
在美国人强调个人自由的同时，
父母与
孩子间平等的信念也对美国家庭产生了巨大的影响。
原文：孝道（
filial
piety
）是中国古代社会的基本道德规范（
code of
ethics
）
。中
国人把孝视为人格
之本、
家庭和睦之本、
国家安康之本。
由于孝道是儒家伦理思
想的核心，
它成了中国社会千百年来维系
家庭关系的道德准则。
它毫无疑问是中
华民族的一种传统美德。
孝道文化是一个复合概念，内容丰富，涉及面广。它既
有文化理念，又有制度礼仪（
institutional etiquette
）
。一般来说，它指社会要求
子女对父母应尽的义务，包括尊敬、关爱、赡养老
人等等。孝道是古老的
东方
文明
之根本。
翻译：
Filial piety is the basic
code of ethics in ancient Chinese society. Chinese
people consider filial piety as the
essence of a person's integrity, family harmony,
and the nation's well-being. With
filial piety being the core of Confucian ethics,
it
has
been
the
moral
standard
for
the
Chinese
society
to
maintain
the
family
relationship for
thousands of years. It's undoubtedly a traditional
Chinese virtue.
The culture of filial
piety is a complex concept, rich in content and
wide in range.
It
includes
not
only
cultural
ideas
but
also
institutional
etiquettes.
Generally
speaking, it
refers to the obligation of children to their
parents required by the
society,
including respect, care, support for the elderly
and so forth. Filial piety is
fundamental to the ancient
Unit 4
原文：
Valentine's
Day
on
February
14
is
celebrated
in
various
American
and
European
countries.
It
is
a
holiday
of
love
and
romance
usually
by
exchanging
valentines
or
love
tokens
between
lovers.
There
are
different
origins
regarding
the festival. One
legend goes that the Romans put a priest named
Saint Valentine
into prison for
refusing to believe in the Roman gods. On February
14, Valentine
was
put
to
death
not
only
because
he
was
Christian,
but
also
because
he
had
cured
the
jailer's
daughter
of
blindness.
The
night
before
he
was
executed
he
wrote
her
a
farewell
letter
signed
your
Valentine
Later,
February
14
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became a holiday for people
to show affection for their loved ones. Today,
people
celebrate Valentine's Day in
different ways, sending greeting cards and
flowers,
giving
chocolate
or
other
gifts,
or
joining
in
romantic
dinners.
The
holiday
has
now
become
popular
all
over
the
world.
In
China
the
festival
is
also
becoming
increasingly
popular with young people.
翻译：美洲和欧洲各国都会
庆祝
2
月
14
日的情人节。这是一个充满爱情和浪漫
的节日，
恋人之间通常都
会交换情人卡和爱情信物。
关于这个节日的起源有着不
同的说法
。
一个传说是罗马人把一个叫圣瓦伦丁的神父关进了监狱，
因为
他拒绝
相信罗马神。
2
月
14
日那天，瓦伦丁被处死，不仅因为他是基督徒，而且因为
他曾治愈了一位监狱看守双目失明的女儿。
他在被处死的前一天晚上给她写了一
封署名“你的瓦伦丁”的告别信。后来，
2
月
14
日就成了一个人们可以为他们
的情人展示感情的节日。现在，人们以不同的方式庆祝情人节，他们发送贺卡、
鲜花，
赠送巧克力或其他礼品，
或共进浪漫的晚餐。
< br>现在这个节日已流行世界各
地。在中国，这个节日也正越来越受年轻人的欢迎。<
/p>
原文：农历七月初七是中国的七夕节
(Qixi
Festival)
，是
中国传统节日中最具浪
漫色彩的一个节日。
一些大的商家每年都
举办不同的活动，
年轻人也送礼物给他
们的情人。因此，七夕节
被认为是中国的“情人节”
(Valentine's
Day
)
。七夕节
来自牛郎与织女
（
Cowherd and Weaving Maid
）
的传说。
相传，
每年的这个夜晚，
天上的织女都会与牛郎相会。
所以，
在七夕的夜晚，
人们可以看到牛郎织女在银
河
（
the Milky Way
）相会
。姑娘们也会在这一天晚上向天上的织女乞求智慧，
以获得美满姻缘。
< br>但随着时代的变迁，
这些活动正在消失，
唯有标志着忠贞
爱情
的牛郎织女的传说一直流传民间。
翻译：
July 7th on the Chinese
calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most
romantic
of all the traditional Chinese
holidays. Every year, some big businesses organize
various activities, and young people
send gifts to their lovers. As a result, the Qixi
Festival is considered to be Chinese
from
the
legend
of
Cowherd
and
Weaving
Maid.
The
legend
holds
that
on
this
particular night every year the Weaving
Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd. So,
people
can
see
Cowherd
and
Weaving
Maid
meeting
in
the
Milky
Way
on
the
night of Qixi. On this
night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some
wisdom
for
a
happy
marriage.
But,
with
the
changing
of
times,
these
activities
are
diminishing. All that remains is the
legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign
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