brewery-裂痕
一、
旅游业：
旅游业是最近二十年来在世界各地
迅速发展的一个经济部门，
现在正引起中国
公众愈来愈大的注意
。
许多人给报社写信，
就促进中国的旅游业的发展提出了种种建
议。
人
们的看法是，
发展旅游业将有助
于促进中国人民和其他国家人民之间的相互了解、
增进友谊，
并
将有利于文化、科学、技术方面的交流。还会有助于为中国的伟大事业积累资金。
Tourism,
a
fast
developing
economic
sector
over
the
last
two
decades
in
all
parts
of
the
world,
is
now
receiving
increasing
attention
among
the
Chinese
public.
Many
people have written to the press,
making suggestions for the promotion of tourism
in China. It is believed that the
development of tourism will help promote mutual
understanding and friendship between
the people of China and other countries, and
facilitate
exchanges
in
the
field
of
culture,
science
and
technology.
Moreover,
it
will help accumulate
funds for China's great cause.
难点注释
1
．第一句较长，首先要理清句子结
构，句子主干为：
“旅游业是一个经济部门，现在正
引起注意”
。根据英语表达习惯，翻译时，可以将该句整合为一个长句．
“
一个经济部门”可
以用同位语表达来处理，因此句子主干则为：
Tourism is now receiving increasing
att
ention
。然后再将其余附加成分补充完整。注意，
“经济
部门”译为：
economic
sector
；
“二十年来”可译为：
the last two
decades
。
2
．第二句巾，
“提出种种建议”可译为：
making suggestions
for
。
3
．第三句中，
“人们的看法是”可以用英语的惯用表达来翻译：
It
is
believed
that<
/p>
。
最后一句中暗含一个递进关系，为使上下文连贯，可增译一个衔
接词
Moreover
，使译文更
加自
然流畅。
二、交通工具：在现代社会，交通工具巳经成为了社
会健康持续发展的关键因
素。但令人
遗憾的是，这些交通工具在为我们提供便利的同时，是
要我们
付出代价的。越是发展现代
交通
,
我们
所要付出的代价也越大。
如果人类社会按照这个模式发展下去
的话，
将来就会付
出更高的成
本，受到的打击也越大。
Transportation in all
modem societies has become a critical necessity
for the
continued well being of the
community. Unfortunately, the development of these
transportation systems has come at a
price
，
in relation to the
convenience they
provide. The further
society goes down that same path, the more
expensive, and
damaging, it will
become.
三、义务教育
在中
国，小学教育需要花费
12
年的时间来完成，分为小学、初中和
高中三个阶段。小学教
育持续
5
年或<
/p>
6
年。在初中阶段，大多数学生上
3
年制初中，极少数上
4
年制。几乎
98
％
的学生在前一种学校入学。在小学和初中
的
9
年教育属于义务教育。普通高中教育持续
< br>3
年时间，在整个义务教育阶段，学生要求在每学期未参加期末考试。
In
China,
primary
and
secondary
education
takes
12
years
to
complete,
divided
into
primary, junior secondary and senior
secondary stages. Primary education lasts
either
five
or
six
years.
At
junior
secondary
stage,
most
have
three-year
schooling
with
any
part
of
four-year.
Almost
98
percent
of
students
are
enrolled
in
the
former
schools. The nine-
year schooling in primary and junior secondary
schools belongs
to
compulsory
education.
General
senior
secondary
education
lasts
for
three
years. Throughout
the
whole
process
of
compulsory
education,
students
are
required
to take final
examinations at the end of each semester.
难点注释
1
．第一句句子结构较为复杂，翻译
时首先理清句子主干，然后补充修饰成分。句子主
干为：中小学教育需要花费
l2
年的时间来完成。
“在中国”为地点状语，<
/p>
“分为小学??阶
段”为伴随状语。
“花
费??时问”用
take
?
to
?表达，
“分为”暗含被动含义，故用过去
分
词
divided
into
．表被动。
2
．第二句中的“持续”可译为
last
for
。
“或”可以用固定短语
either
?
or
?表示。
3
．第三句中“极少数”译为
with
a tiny part of
；为了避免重复，后面的一个分句
省略了动词
have
，直接用
wit
h
短语表伴随。
4
．第四句中，
“入学”可以译为
be enrolled
in
。
5
．第五句中，
“
9
年教育”译为
The nine-year schoo
ling
；
“属于”可以用固定搭配
b
elong to
来表达；
“义务教育”译为
< br>compulsory education
。
四、孙大圣
孙大圣是中国古典文学名
著《西游记》
（
Journey
to
the
West)
中
的一个主要的人物。他是
唐僧
(Tang
Monk)
第一个徒弟。其实在中国，
他最受欢迎的名字不是“孙大圣”
，而是“孙
悟空”
，
这是教他
72
变
的第一个师傅给他起的名字。
“悟”
的意思是
“启迪”
。
“空”
的意
思
是“无”
，这是佛学
(Buddhism)
中最重要的一个认识。在佛学中，
人必须放弃欲望和
所有对
财富、名声的渴望，以培养自己为佛。
Monkey
King
is
one
of
the
main
characters
in
Chinese
classic
literature
masterpiece
“
Journey
to
the
West
He
is
the
first
disciple
of
Tang
ly
in
Chinese
，
his most
popular name is not
“
Monkey
King
”
but
“
Sun Wukong
，
，
，
which was given
by his first Master who taught him the
72 supernormal abilities.
“
Wu
”
means
enlightening.
“
Kong
”
means
emptiness
，
which
is
one
of
the
most
important
understandings
in Buddhism. In
Buddhism,
one
has to give up every
human desire
and
all attachments including the
attachments to wealth and fame etc, in order to
cultivate oneself into a Buddha.
五、中医
中医
(Chinese
medicine)
是世界医学的遗产。中医有比西方医学
<
/p>
更好的治病方法。因为
中医的效果和医治方式，在世界上中医现在
越来越流行了。中医起源于古代，巳经发展了
很长一段时间，
它收
集了治
疗不同疾病的各种方法。
传统中医讲究人们身体系统的平衡。
这
是说，一旦人的身体系统平衡，疾病就会消失。身体系统的损
害
是疾病的根源。
Chinese
medicine
is
a
heritage
of
world
medicine.
Traditional
Chinese
medicine
has
a
power
to
heal
people
better
than
the
western
ones.
China
medicine
now
is
more
and
more popular in the
world due to its effect and its way to heal
people. Originated
from
the
ancient
time
，
the
Chinese
medicine
has
developed
in
a
long
time
and
it
has
collected
vari?ous
ways
to
treat
different
illness.
The
traditional
Chinese
medicine
pays attention to the balance the body
system of people. It is said that once the
system of people is in balance, the
illness will disappear. The damage of the body
system is the source of disease.
六、大熊猫
大熊猫
(Giant
Pandas),
作为中国的国宝，被认为是活化石。中
国大熊猫主要生活在中国
中西部和西南部，是目前濒临灭
绝的物种。
换句话说，中国大熊猫的故乡是四川。四川成
都大熊猫繁育和研究中心
(Chengdu Panda
Breeding and Research Centre)
大熊猫的家，
是市区附近最大的大熊猫基地。
Giant
Pandas, regarded as a national treasure of China,
are considered a living
fossil.
Chinese
Pandas
mainly
lives
in
central-western
and
southwest
China
，
and
is
currently an endangered
species. In other words, the hometown of Chinese
panda is
Sichuan. And Chengdu Panda
Breeding and Research Centre in Suchuan
—
home of the
Panda is the biggest panda base near
the urban district.
七、剪纸
剪纸
(paper
cutting)
是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。
中国剪纸有
_
千五百多年
的历史，在明朝和清朝时期
(the Ming and Qing Dyn
asties)
特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化
居家环境。
特别是在
春节和婚庆期间，
剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，
以增加喜庆的气氛。
<
/p>
剪
纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地
很受欢迎，经常被用作馈
赠外国友人
的礼物。
Paper
cutting
is
one
of
China
’
s
most
popular
traditional
folk
arts.
Chinese
paper
cutting
has
a
history
of
more
than
1,500
years.
It
was
widespread
particularly
during
the
Ming
and
Qing
Dynasties.
People
often
beautify
their
homes
with
paper
cuttings.
During
the
Spring
Festival
and
wedding
celebrations,
in
particular,
paper
cuttings
are used to decorate
doors
，
windows and rooms in
order to enhance the joyous
atmosphere.
The
color
most
frequently
used
in
paper
cutting
is
red,
which
symbolizes
health and
prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular
around the world and
it is often given
as a present to foreign friends.
八、企业的成功
为消费者提供所需是每一个企业成功的关键。为此，企业需要
为如何吸引并留住客户制定
计划。
影响
这种计划的因素很多，
比如
客户关系
、
广告、
声誉、
定价、
性价比
(value
for
money)
以及售后服
务等。除此之外，一个企业还需要高效、经济、安全地运营，因为
这些方面是
与客户和雇员直接相关的。
Providing what the customer
requires is the key to any suc?cessful business.
To
do
this,
a
business
needs
to
have
a
plan
for
attracting,
and
keeping
，
their
customers.
There
are
several
factors
involved
in
developing
a
workable
plan,
such
as,
customer
relations,
advertising,
reputation
，
pricing
，
value
for
money
and
after
sales
service.
On
top of that, businesses need to be run,
efficiently, economically and safely
because all these aspects relate to
both their customers and their employees.
九、音乐
尽管音乐对每个人来说，都再熟悉不过了，但是几乎每个人对
这门艺术都有自己的观点看
法。什么音乐算是好的音乐，这是见
仁
见智的。各个音乐风格都有自己的经典音乐作品流
行的并不完全等
于经典的。一个好的音乐作品
，是创作者
(creator)
和演奏者
(performer)
双方共同努力的结果，二者相辅相成，缺一不可。
While music is familiar to virtually
everyone it is an art, about which everyone
has
an
opinion.
What
defines
“
great
”
music
is,
very
much,
a
personal
issue.
There
is
“
great
”
music in every
style but what is popular does not always define
the
quality.
Music
is
a
joint
effort
between
the
creator
and
the
performer
and
one
cannot
exist
without the other.
十、图书两大类
尽管图书的种类多种多样，但从本质上说，它们都可以被分为
两大类
,
即纪实题材
< br>(fact)
与小说题材。
有时二者之间很难辨别，
因
为许多小说都是围绕着
(mixed)
现实事件和真实人
物来进行创作的。<
/p>
纪实题材的书籍包括
:
历史书，
教科书，
旅行手记，
手册指南
(manual)
和
自传<
/p>
(autobiography)
等。
There
are
many,
many
different
types
of
books
but,
essentially,
fliey
come
in
two
categories, fact or fiction. Sometimes
it is hard to distinguish
between
the
two,
because
some
fiction
stories
are
mixed
around
true
event
and
refer
to real
life people. The types of books that are included
in the factual category
are history
books, text books, travel books, manuals and
autobiographies.
十一、喝茶
在中国，喝茶是一种仪式
(ritual)
，一种
精致品味
(refined taste)
的展示。人们在饮茶
的
同时，也领略着
(take delight in)
品茶的情趣之意。喝茶聊天是中国人中最流行的打发时
间的方式。
过去，
他们是以进有名的茶馆
(teaho
use)
而开始一天的生活的。
中国的茶馆相当
于法国的咖啡馆和英国的酒馆。
人们到这里不仅是为了喝茶。
< br>也是为了议论当地的新闻或对
政治话题进行激烈的
(fu
rious)
争论。
Tea
drinking
in
China
is
a
ritual
and
a
demonstration
of
the
refined
taste.
While
drinking tea, people
also
take delight in
the essence of tea
itself. Chatting over
a
pot
of
tea
is
a
very
popular
way
of
pastime
among
Chinese.
In
the
past,
they
would
start
the
day
with
a
visit
to
a
well-known
teahouse.
Chinese
teahouses
would
be
the
equivalent
of
French
cafes
and
English
pubs.
People
come
here
not
just
for
tea,
but
also to
discuss local news or to have furious political
debates.
难点注释
1
．汉语形散神聚，英文结构紧凑。
处理第一句时，可以将几个小短句合译为一句结构
严谨的英文。先确定句子的主谓宾，其
中
Tea
thinking
作句子主
语，
is
可作系动词，本句
中有两个并
列表语，即“仪式”和“展示”
，分别译为：
ritual
，
demonstration
。
2
．第二句中，
“领略”可以译为：
take
delight
in
；
“品茶的情趣之意”可以译为：
the
essence of tea
itself
。
3
．第三句中的“打发时间的方式”
可以理解为“消遣、娱乐方式”
，可译为：
a
way
of
pastime.
4
．第四
句中的“相当于”可以用短语
be the equivalent
of
来表达。
十二、中国家庭文化
在传统的中国家
庭文化中，
同一祖先的几代后裔
(descendants)
居住在一起，
形成一个大家
庭。这种自
治
(autonomous)
家族制度是
中国传统社会的基本单位。中国的孩子们跟随他们
父亲的姓
。
这和
西方文化是一样的。
如今在中国，
孩子跟父亲的姓或母亲的姓在法
律上都
是合法的。除了那些因为结婚加入到家庭中的人以外，人
们
的姓氏都是一样的。
In
traditional
Chinese
family
culture,
descendants
of
several
generations
from
the
same
ancestor
lived
together
and
formed
a
big
fam?ily
system.
This
kind
o
f
autonomous
family system was the basic unit of
traditional Chinese society. Chinese children
follow
their
father
’s
fam?ily
name.
This
is
the
same
as
western
culture.
Nowadays
in China it is
legally fine for a child to follow either
father
’
s family name or
mother
’
s
family
name.
Within
each
family
system,
of
course
people
except
those
who
joined this family system through
marriage all have the same family name.
十三、毕业生过剩
2008
全球经济衰退导致中国的新毕业生的就业市场显著下降。
2009
年毕业的学生将加入到
2008
年毕业仍在找工作的
300
万学生
之中。
毕业生过剩
(gl
ut)
也可以归因于大学入学率的
提高和教育机构
的增加。
虽然大学的学生人数增加了，
但是他们的质量并没有明显
地提高。
在大多数情况下，
毕业生无法在
2008
年找到合适的就业机
会是因为他们没有行业所需的技
能。
The
2008
global
recession
resulted
in
a
significant
drop
in
the
job
market
for
China
’
brewery-裂痕
brewery-裂痕
brewery-裂痕
brewery-裂痕
brewery-裂痕
brewery-裂痕
brewery-裂痕
brewery-裂痕
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