amulet-顾彬
Puritanism
: stressed
predestination, original sin, total depravity, and
limited atonement from God
’
s
grace
Stressed hard work, thrift, piety and
sobriety
以伊甸园传说为基础
Transcendentalism
(
超验主义<
/p>
)marked the maturity of American
Romanticism and
the first renaissance
spirit and individual
and
nature
；
American Puritanism +
European Romanticism
Realism:
broadly defined as
“
the faithful respentation
of reality
”
or
“<
/p>
verisimilitude
”
.
Naturalism:
a term created
by Emile Zola(
法国女作家
)
< br>；
men are
weak;
philosophical
pessimists
A more deliberate kind of
realism in novels, stories and plays, usually
involving a view of human beings as
passive victims of natural forces and
social environment.
Modernism
: cutting off
history and a sense of despair and loss; refused
to accept the traditional values
Free
verse
: poetry without a fixed beat or
regular rhythm/line length;
depends on natural speech rhythms & the
counterpoint of stressed and unstressed
syllables
The
Gilded Age
(
镀金时代
1865-1914)
：
Mark
Twain
–
内战后的普遍
disillusionment &
frustration
工业化成果
&
Gold Rush
特点：
1. Straightforward
2. Focus on
commonness of common
people
’
s lives
3.
Objective
4. Present moral visions
5. Usually open
ending
Lost Generation
:
Paris, a term created by Gertrude
Stein(
美国女作家
)
Hemingway
–
代言人
Young writers who were cut off from old
values and yet unable to handle the new era
Jazz
Age
(1920s)/
the Roaring
Twenties
: exciting acceleration;
restless pursuit of stimulus and pleasure
disillusionemen
t(
幻灭
) with ideas and
civilization
F. Scott
Fitzgerald
1.
Benjamin
Franklin
(
富兰克林
1706-1790
):
The Autobiography
《自传》
：
simplicity, frankness & wit;
American
Dream
2.
Thomas
Paine
(
潘恩
1737-1809
政治宣传册
):
Common Sense
《常识》
：独立革命时期最佳政治宣传册
The American Crisis
:
16
本系列宣传册；
3.
Philip Freneau
(
弗伦诺
1752-1832
诗人
):
Father
of American Poetry;
Poet of the American Revolution
The Wild Honeys
uckle
《野金银花》
；
4.
Thomas
Jefferson
(
杰斐逊
1743-1826):
the
3
rd
President
The Declaration of
Independence
起草者之一
三、
American Romanticism/Renai
ssance
浪漫主义文学
(18
世纪
末
-19
世纪中后期
)
individualism
fold stories as an escape
from the civilized society and were rich in mystic
color; against rationalism
1) Pre-Roman
ticism
(
1770-1830
)
:
5.
Washington Irving
(
欧文
1783-1859
):
美国首位国际闻名作家
&
美国文学之父
the author of the first
American short stories; the first prose stylist of
American Romanticism
文风：
American indigenous
humor; mild and
prone
；
simplicity, lucidity,
poise and ease flow
The Legend of
Sleepy Hollow
；
Rip Van
Winkle
: German
legend
；
an escape from
society and return to
nature
；
Essay:
The Sketch
Book
《见闻札记》
:
美国浪漫主义开端
6.
James Fenimore
Cooper
(
库珀
小说家
)
:
one of the first authors to write about
the American Westward Movement.
发展了三类小说：
the revolutionary
past-
The Spy
;
sea novels
-The
Pilot
《领航者》
;
the American frontier novels
Leather Stocking Tales
:
frontier novels
-
The
Pioneer
《拓荒者》
(
the
first true romance of American
frontier
)
；
The
Pathfinder
《探路者》
;
The Prairie
《大草原》
;
The
Deerslayer
《杀鹿者》
;
The Last of Mohicans
《最后的莫希干人
》
(
成就最高
)
2) Post-
Romanticism
(1830-1860)
7.
Ralph Waldo
Emerson
(
爱默生
思想家，散文家
&
诗人
)
：
father of American
literature
超验主义代表
;
主题
-
nature & meditation
Essays:
Nature
《论自然》：超验主义
圣经
(
manifesto
)
；
Self-
Reliance
《论自立》；
The Transcendentalist
The
American
Scholar
《论美国学者》：美国知识分子独立宣言
–
文化独立
&
文学地位
;
8.
Henry David
Threau
(
梭罗
1817-1862
思想家
):
Walden
《
瓦尔登湖》
;
9.
Nathaniel
Hawthorne
(
霍桑
1804-1864
小说家
):
美国首位杰出小说家
道德伦理问题
;
human soul
文风：
the most ambivalent;
mystical; criticism of
life; soft, flowing and almost feminine
The Marble
Faun
《玉石雕像》
The
Scarlet Letter:
Hester Prynne,
Chillingworth & Dimmesdale
The Blithedale
Romance
《福谷传奇》
；
The House of the Seven Gables
《有七个尖角阁的房子》
：
family
decadence
Mosses from an Old
Manse
《古屋青苔》
10.
Herman
Melville
(
梅尔维尔
1819-1891
小说家
)
：
Moby Dick
《白鲸》
:
the
first
American prose epic;
Ishmael as the narrator, steeped in
symbolism
One of the
world
’
s greatest
masterpieces to get to know the
19
th
century American
The voyage =
the search for the truth;
Moby Dick =
宇宙的神秘；自然的强大；世间的邪恶
11.
Edgar Allan Poe
(
爱伦
?
坡
1809-1849
诗人
,
小说家
&
批评家
):
首位美国职业作家；美国侦探小说之父
1
amulet-顾彬
amulet-顾彬
amulet-顾彬
amulet-顾彬
amulet-顾彬
amulet-顾彬
amulet-顾彬
amulet-顾彬
-
上一篇：常见英汉互译类型
下一篇：2016上海市徐汇区高中三年级英语一模卷(附答案)