antidepressant美国大学英语写作 课后答案

《美国大学英语写作》课后习题答案

(PART 1)

ANSWER KEY

Part One: Essay Writing

1 An Introduction to Writing

Activity (Point and Support in a Paragraph), pages 5

–

6

Point: There are drawbacks to moviegoing.

Support: 1. Inconvenience

b. Long

time

to

find

parking

spot

and long walk to theater

d. Sticky floor

3. Other moviegoers

a. Running kids

b. Laughing, shouting teenagers

Activity (Introductory Paragraph), 8

1. c

2. b

3. a

4. a. Inconvenience of going out

b. Temptations of the theater

c. Behavior of some patrons

Activity (Body: Supporting Paragraphs), 9

–

10

1. To

begin

with,

I

just

don

’

t

enjoy

the

general

hassle

of the evening.

2. b. Parking lot is always jammed

d. Tickets may sell out, and theater is crowded

e. Tickets cost up to $$8 each

3. Second, the theater offers tempting snacks that I

really don

’

t need.

4. b. 2) chocolate bars

3) Milk Duds

5. Many of the other patrons are even more of a problem

than the concession stand.

6. a. Little kids race up and down the aisles

b.

Teenagers

talk

back

to

the

screen,

whistle,

make

funny noises

Activity (Concluding Paragraph), 10

1. a

2. c

Review Activities, 18

–

20

Answers will vary.

2 The Writing Process

Activities

(Freewriting,

Questioning,

Making

a

List,

Clustering, Scratch Outline), 25

–

31

Answers will vary.

Activity (Writing a First Draft), 33

1.

thesis

5. specific

2.

6. bs

3. equiped (other answers are possible) 7.

conclusion

4. second and third

Activity (Revising with a Second Draft), 36

–

37

1.

first

Second

5. watching what I keep in the house

2.

however

6. comfortable seats

3.

unity

.

.

.

My

friends

are

as

bad

as

I

am.

7. As

4.

support

.

.

.

snacks

like

celery

and

carrot

8. jump into my hands

sticks

.

.

.

no

ice

cream

in

the

freezer

.

.

.

9. disgusted

dripping with butter . . . risk pulling out

my fillings as I chew

Activity (Taking a Writing Inventory), 39

–

40

Answers will vary.

Activity (Prewriting), 41

–

43

L, Q, SO, C, F

Activity 1 (Outlining), 43

–

45

1. Thesis:My high school had three problem areas.

a. Students

(1) Involved with drugs

(2) Formed cliques

b. Teachers

(1) Unwilling to help after class

(2) Much too strict

c. Buildings

(1) Leaky ceilings

(2) Ill-equipped gym

2. Thesis:Working

as

a

dishwasher

in

a

restaurant

was

my

worst

job.

a. Working conditions

(1) Heat in kitchen

(2) Noisy work area

b. Hours

(1) Ten-hour shifts

(2) Hours changed every week

c. Pay

(1) Minimum wage

(2) No bonus for overtime

3. Thesis: Joining an aerobics class has many benefits.

a. Social benefits

(1) Make new friends

(2) Meet interesting instructors

b.

(1) Reduces mental stress

(2) Improves self-image

c. Physical benefits

(1) Strengthens heart

(2) Tones muscles

4. Thesis: My favorite times in school were the days before

holiday vacations.

a. Lighter workload

(1) Less work in class

Mental

benefits

(2) Less homework

b. Friendlier atmosphere

(1) Teachers more relaxed

(2) Students happy about vacation

c. Special events

(1) Pep rallies

(2) Holiday concerts

Activity 2 (Outlining), 45

–

47

Thesis:More

and

more,

the

inventions

of

modern

technology

seem

to

be

cutting

us

off

from

contact

with

our

fellow

human

beings.

First

topic

sentence:The

world

of

business

is

one

area

in

which

technology is isolating us.

Support: 2. Workers

’

salaries are automatically credited

to their bank accounts.

3. Personal banking is becoming a detached

process.

a.

Customers

interact

with

machines

rather than people.

b. Some loans are accepted or rejected

by computers, not loan officers.

Second

topic

sentence:

Another

area

that

technology

is

changing

is entertainment.

Support:

1.

For

many

people

now,

music

is

a

solitary

experience.

2. Fewer people go out to watch movies.

Third topic sentence: Education is a third important area in

which

technology

is

separating

us

from others.

Support: 1. Students sit alone in front of computers.

2. Students use software at home instead of

interacting with others.

3.

instruction.

Activity (Revising), 47

–

48

2, 1, 4, 3

3 The First and Second Steps in Essay Writing

Activity (Writing a Good Thesis), 50

–

51

List

List 2

2

Videotapes

are

replacing

class

1

Teachers

3 Bicycles

l

Education

4 Dangers of bike riding

3

Math

teacher

l Recreation

5 My high school math 2

Recreational vehicles

teacher was incompetent. 5

Bike riding in the city is a

4

High

school

math

teacher

dangerous experience.

List 3 List 4

1

Retail

companies

3 Camping

2

Supermarkets

4 First camping trip

4 Dealing with customers 2

Summer vacation

3 Working in a supermarket 5

My first camping trip was a

5

I

’

ve

learned

how

to

handle

disastrous experience.

unpleasant

supermarket

customers.

l

Vacations

Activity (Common Errors in Writing a Thesis), 53

A.

1.

TB

B. 6. 2

2.

TN

7. A

3.

TB

8. 2

4.

TN

9. A

5.

TB

10. 2

Activity (Support the Thesis with Specific Evidence), 54

–

55

Answers for this activity will vary; a possible third point

for each outline is listed below.

1. c. Learning new rules and procedures 4.

c. Save money

2.

c.

Sense

of

humor

5. c. Long hours

3.

c.

Too

cold

in

the

winter

6. c. Worry about finances

Activity (The Importance of Specific Details), 57

S 1. The paragraph lists specific precautions: getting a

permit and buying

pressure-treated lumber.

X 2. What kinds of things did the writer do wrong? What

specific rules were enforced?

How did this parent punish the writer?

S 3 The paragraph lists specific examples of items that

should not be improved:

cheesecake and jeans.

X 4. What kinds of problems does the dog have? How does the

dog misbehave when the owners are away? How

did the owners try to train the dog?

Activity 1 (The Importance of Adequate Details), 58

Answers are given in the text after the activity.

Activity (Identifying the Parts of an Essay), 61

Thesis statement: 4

Topic sentence of first supporting paragraph: 5

Topic sentence of second supporting paragraph: 15

Topic sentence of third supporting paragraph: 22

First sentence of the conclusion: 34

Activity

1

(Evaluating

Thesis

Statements),

61

–

62

Activity 2 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 62

1.

A

a.

1. TN a.

OK

b.

OK b.

2.

OK

a.

2. TN a.

A

OK b.

3.

OK

3. TN a.

A

OK b.

4.

A

4. OK a.

OK

TN b.

5.

A

5. OK a.

OK

TN b.

Activity 3 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 62

4 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 63

b.

a.

b.

a.

b.

a.

b.

–

63 Activity

1.

TB

a.

1. OK a.

OK

b.

2 b.

2.

TB

a.

2. 2 a.

OK

b.

OK b.

3.

OK

a.

3. OK a.

TB

b.

2 b.

4.

TB

a.

4. 2 a.

OK

b.

OK b.

5.

TB

a.

5. 2 a.

OK

b.

OK b.

Activity (Completing Thesis Statements), 64

Answers for this activity will vary; a possible third point

of development for each thesis statement is listed below.

1.

6. coach

2.

to

be

science.

enthusiastic.

7. we were emotionally immature.

3.

my

boyfriend.

8. manners

4.

money.

9. my relationships with others.

5. breaks down regularly. 10.

the time I dented my friend

’

s car.

Activity (Writing a Thesis Statement), 65

Answers may vary slightly.

1. The cars I

’

ve owned have reflected the changes in my

personality.

2. Attending a two-year college has several advantages.

3. I have tried several ways to give up snacks.

4. Halloween is not all fun.

5. Three factors contributed to my heart attack.

Activity 1 (Limiting a Topic and Writing a Thesis), 66

Answers will vary; a possible thesis for each limited subject

is listed below.

1. Sharing an apartment with a roommate helped me adjust

to a new city.

2. Deciding to be less critical of your spouse can help a

marriage.

3. My mother

’

s tidiness drives us crazy.

4.

Fast- food

restaurants

are

cheaper,

cleaner,

and

friendlier than other restaurants.

5. My cousin Myra has several bad driving habits.

6. Regular exercise can help ease emotional problems.

7. Do-it-yourself

repairs

always

end

up

costing

me

more

money

than they

’

re supposed to.

8. The free-agent system has made baseball a big business,

not a sport.

9. Being a single parent can be exhausting, frustrating,

and intimidating.

10. Noise pollution is a growing problem in our city.

Activity 2 (Limiting a Topic and Writing a Thesis), 67

Answers will vary; some possible limited subjects and thesis

statements are listed below.

1. Exotic animals as pets

People should not be allowed to keep exotic animals

as pets.

2. Teens and birth control

Parents should be notified if their daughters visit

a birth control clinic.

3. The new season

’

s TV programming

The new television programs are carbon copies of last

year

’

s successful shows.

4. Computerized offices

Computers in offices are creating new health problems

for employees.

5. Major fields of study

Choosing a major does not have to be done blindly.

6. House calls

Doctors should be compelled to make house calls.

7. Summer vacations

Summer is the worst time of year to take a vacation.

8. Barbecuing

There

are

three

kinds

of

people

who

will

be

found

behind

a barbecue grill.

9. Children

’

s allowances

Getting

an

allowance

teaches

a

child

to

be

responsible,

mature, and thrifty.

10. Christmas shopping

One

year

I

made

the

mistake

of

doing

my

Christmas

shopping months in advance.

Activity (Providing Specific Evidence), 68

–

69

Answers will vary; some possibilities are listed below.

1. Guests arrived two hours late; roast was burned; host

and hostess got into a huge fight

2. Collects

dead

frogs,

birds,

and

worms;

loves

to

dunk

pizza

in his chocolate milk; combs his hair with his toothbrush

3. Too tired; too hungry; too disorganized

4. Chose my friends for me; chose my clothes for me; chose

my college for me

5. Baby-sitting, gardening, baking cookies

6. New ignition, new brakes, new heater

7. Cat got sick; kids got sick; roof started to leak

8. Slept at his desk; gave six hours of homework per night;

had a nasty temper

Activity (Identifying Adequate Supporting Evidence), 69

–

70

AD 1.

U 2. What are specific examples of how people are thoughtless

to pets? What are the particular needs of pets that may be

ignored? Examples might include bathing animals regularly,

treating them for fleas, helping them stay cool in summer,

exercising them, and providing a nutritious diet.

U 3. What are specific examples of shows that are of little

interest to people? Exactly how would commercials be changed?

How

would

network

news

be

made

more

interesting?

Examples

might

include the names of shows (situation comedies, game shows,

and so on) that aren

’

t popular. Commercials might be changed

by eliminating repetitious jingles or celebrity endorsements

(using examples of current commercials).

AD 4.

U 5. What are examples of how the woman was set in her ways?

What

did

she

say

about

the

kind

of

hairdo

she

wanted?

For

example,

the woman might have rejected any suggestions other than the

style

she

was

used

to.

What

did

the

writer

do

that

was

unsuccessful? And how did the woman seem to indicate that the

writer was not doing what she wanted? For instance, she might

have shook her head or sighed every time the writer attempted

to please her.

Activity (Adding Details to Complete an Essay), 70

–

73

Answers will vary; possible supporting details are included

in the paragraphs below.

First of all, with no television to compete for

our time, we found plenty of hours for personal interests.

We all read more that week than we had read during the six

months

introduced

Mom

to

his

favorite

mystery

writer

—

Dorothy

Sayers

—

and

it

was

pleasant

to

see

them

sitting

on the sofa together, each one absorbed in a book. Luella,

serious as always, read novels by Charles Dickens, while I

settled

modestly

for

the

daily

newspapers.

We

each

also

enjoyed

some

hobbies

we

had

ignored

for

and

Dad

did

crossword

puzzles together, Lu dusted off her stamp collection, and I

finished knitting the sweater I had started last September.

In

addition,

my

sister

and

I

both

stopped

procrastinating

with

our

d

of

putting

off

our

English

and

math

assignments until our favorite shows were over, we tackled

them right after supper and found that, without the sound of

the TV blaring in our ears, we could do them in a couple of

hours

—

far more quickly than we expected.

Second, we did chores that had been hanging over our heads

for too long. There were many jobs around the house that had

needed attention for some fixed a faucet that had

been dripping for weeks while Dad patched the cracked plaster

in the dining room. Lu and I cleaned

our

closets, finding

records,

tapes,

and

magazines

that

had

been

missing

for

months.

By the end of the week, the house was in tidier shape than

it had been since we moved in. We also had a chance to do some

long- postponed and Dad picked out a new sofa for

the den; Lu bought some new books, and I went through a whole

stack of catalogs and finished all my Christmas shopping by

mail. And each of us also did some letter writing or other

paperwork that was long overdue. Mom and Dad struggled with

this year

’

s income tax forms, Lu wrote to Johnny, a friend

she met at Spirit Lake last summer, and I wrote a thank-you

note

to

Aunt

Elsie

for

letting

me

stay

with

her

during

my

weekend

in New York City last month.

Finally,

and

probably

most

important,

we

spent

time

with each other. Instead of being in the same room together

while

we

stared

at

a

screen,

we

actually

talked

for

many

pleasant hours. Mom told us about the programming project she

has been doing at work, and we had fun planning the trip to

Boston we are going to take this summer. Moreover, for the

first time in years my family played some games together. We

played several

games of Scrabble, and we even got out the

Monopoly set and played a game following the rules our family

has made up over the years. And because we didn

’

t have to

worry about

missing this or that show, we

had some

family

friends over a couple of evenings and spent an enjoyable time

with were glad to see how much the Overholt children

had grown, and Joe and Sandy Ciprianni kept us laughing all

evening with their stories about fixing up the old house they

bought.

4 The Third Step in Essay Writing

Fill-ins (Common Methods of Organization), 75

–

76

The topic sentences in the essay use the words To begin with,

Next, and Finally to help show time order.

The

paragraph

uses

the

following

words

to

help

show

time

order:

Next, first, Then, After, and Finally.

The topic sentences in the essay use the words For one thing,

In addition, and Most important to help show emphatic order.

The

words

Worst

of

all

are

used

to

mark

the

most

emphatic

detail

in the paragraph.

Activity (Common Methods of Organization), 77

A.

1.

time

order

B. time; emphatic; time; emphatic

2. emphatic order

3. combination of time and emphatic order

Activity (Transitions), 78

–

80

1. Addition signals: One, Also, Another