英语翻译工具2015年12月英语六级真题及答案三套完整版

2021年1月28日发(作者：acutely)

2015

年

12

月英语 六级真题及答案三套完整版

Part I

Directions

：

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short

essay based on the

2015

年

12

月大学英语六级考试真题< /p>

(

一

)

Writing

(30 minutes)

picture below.

You should

focus on the

impact

of

social

networking

websites on

reading.

You

are

required

to write at least 150 words but no more than

200 words.

My favorite book is Facebook *.”

Facebook is the name of a social networking

website.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

1

上作答。

Part

Ⅱ

Listening Comprehension

(30

minutes)

Section A

Directions

：

In this section, you will hear 8 short

conversations and 2 long

conversations.

At

the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked

about what was said. Both the conversation

and the questions will be spoken

only

once.

After each question there will be a pause. During

the pause, you must

read the four

choices marked

A) , B), C)

and D), and

decide which is the best answer.

Then mark the

corresponding

letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a

single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

1

上作答。

1.

A)

The restaurant offers some specials each day.

B)

The restaurant is known for its food varieties.

C)

The dressing makes the mixed salad very

inviting.

D)

The woman should mix the ingredients thoroughly.

2.

A) He took over the firm from Mary.

C) He failed to foresee major

problems.

B)

He is running a successful business.

D) He is opening a new consulting

firm.

3.

A) Someone should be put in charge of office supplies.

B)

The man can leave the discs in the office cabinet.

C)

The man may find the supplies in the

cabinet.

D)

The printer in the office has run out of paper.

4.

A)

He has to use a magnifying glass to see clearly.

C) He has the dictionary

the woman wants.

B)

The woman can use his glasses to read.

D) The dictionary is not of much

help to him.

5.

A) Redecorating her office.

C) Seeking professional advice.

B)

Majoring in interior design.

D) Adding some office furniture.

6.

A) Problems in port management.

C) Delayed shipment of goods.

B)

Improvement of port facilities.

D) Shortage of container ships.

7.

A) Their boss.

C) Their workload.

1

A colleague.

D) A coffee machine.

8.

A) Call the hotel manager for help.

C)

Hold

the

banquet

at

a

different

place.

B)

Postpone the event until a later date.

D) Get an expert to correct the

error.

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9.

A) He shares some of the household duties.

C) He cooks

dinner

for

the

family occasionally.

B)

He often goes back home late for dinner.

D) He dines out from time to time

with friends.

10.

A) To take him to dinner.

C) To discuss an urgent problem.

B)

To talk about a budget plan.

D) To pass on an important message.

11.

A) Foreign investors are losing confidence in India’s

economy.

B)

Many multinational enterprises are withdrawing from India.

C)

There are wild fluctuations in the international money market.

D)

There is a sharp

increase in India’s balance of payment

deficit.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12.

A) They have unrealistic expectations about the other half.

B)

They may not be prepared for a lifelong relationship.

C)

They form a more realistic picture of life.

D)

They try to adapt to their changing roles.

13.

A) He is lucky to have visited many exotic places.

B)

He is able to forget all the troubles in his life.

C)

He is able to meet many interesting people.

D)

He is lucky to be able to do what he loves.

14. A) It is

B) It is full of

C) It is all

D) It is

stressful.

fun.

glamour.

challenging.

15. A) Bothered.

B) Amazed.

C) Puzzled.

D) Excited.

B)

Section B

Directions

：

In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage,

you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only

once. After you hear a question

,

you must choose the best answer from the four choices

marked A)

,

B)

,

C) and D)

.

Then mark the corresponding letter on

Answer Sheet 1

with a

single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

1

上作答。

Passage One

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16.

A) Maintain the traditional organizational

culture.

B)

Learn new ways of relating and working

together.

C)

Follow closely the fast development of technology.

D)

Learn to be respectful in a hierarchical organization.

17.

A) How the team integrates with what it is supposed to

serve.

B)

How the team is built to keep improving its performance.

C)

What type of personnel the team should be composed of.

D)

What qualifications team members should be equipped with.

18.

A) A team manager must set very clear and high objectives.

2

Teams must consist of members from different

cultures.

C)

Team members should be knowledgeable and creative.

B)

3

A team manager should develop a certain set of skills.

Passage Two

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19.

A) It is a platform for sharing ideas on teaching at the University of Illinois.

B)

It was mainly used by scientists and technical people to exchange

text.

C)

It started off as a successful program but was unable to last long.

D)

It is a program allowing people to share information on the Web.

20.

A) He visited a number of famous computer scientists.

B)

He met with an entrepreneur named Jim Clark.

C)

He sold a program developed by his friends.

D)

He invested in a leading computer business.

21.

A) They had confidence in his new ideas.

C) They were very keen on

new technology.

B) They trusted his

computer

expertise.

D) They believed in his

business connections.

Passage Three

22.

A) Prestige advertising.

C) Word-of-mouth advertising.

B) Institutional advertising.

D) Distributing free trial products.

23.

A) To sell a particular product.

C) To promote a specific service.

B) To build up their reputation.

D) To attract high-end consumers.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

24.

A) By using the services of large advertising

agencies.

B)

By hiring their own professional advertising staff.

C)

By buying media space in leading newspapers.

D)

By creating their own ads and commercials.

25.

A) Decide on what specific means of communication to employ.

B)

Conduct a large-scale survey on customer needs.

C)

Specify the objectives of the campaign in

detail.

D)

Pre-test alternative ads or commercials in certain regions.

D)

Section C

Directions

：

In this section

,

you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is

read for the

first time

,

you

should listen carefully for its general idea. When the

passage is read for the second

time

9

you are required to fill in the blanks with the

exact words you have just heard

.

Finally

,

when the

passage is read for the third time

,

you should check what you have written.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

1

上作答。

Extinction is a difficult concept to grasp. It is an 26 concept.

It’s

not at all

like the killing of individual lifeforms that can be renewed through normal processes

of

reproduction.

Nor

is

it

simply

27

numbers.

Nor

is

it

damage

that

can

somehow

be

remedied

or

for

which some

substitute

can

be

found.

Nor

is

it

something that

simply

affects

our

own

generation.

Nor

is

it

something

that

could

be

remedied

by

some

supernatural power. It is rather an 28 and final act for which there is no remedy on

earth or in heaven. A species once extinct is gone forever. However many generations

29 us in coming centuries, none of them will ever see this species that we extinguish.

Not only are we bringing about the extinction of life 30 , we are also making the

land and the air and the sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being

destroyed. 31 basic natural resources,

4

not only are the nonrenewable resources being 32 in a

< p>
frenzy

（

疯狂）

o f processing,

consuming, and 33 , but we are also ruining much of our renewable resources, such as

the very soil itself on which

terrestrial

（地球上的）

life depends.

The

change

that

is

taking

place

on

the

earth

and

in

our

minds

is

one

of

the

greatest changes ever to take place in human affairs, perhaps the greatest, since what

we are talking about is not simply another historical change or cultural 34 , but a

change of geological and biological as well as psychological order of 35 .

PartⅢ

Reading Comprehension

(40

minutes)

Section A

Directions

：

In this section

,

there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to

select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the

passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in

the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on

Answer Sheet 2

with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in

the bank more than once

.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

It seems to be a law in the technology industry that leading companies eventually

lose their positions, often quickly and brutally. Mobile phone champion Nokia, one of

Europe’s biggest technology success stories, was

no 36 , losing its market share in

just a few years.

In

2007,

Nokia

accounted

for

more

than

40

of

mobile

phone

sales

37

But

consumers’

preferences

were

already

38

toward

touch-screen

smartphones.

With

the

introduction of Applet iPhone in the middle of

that year, Nokia’s market

share

39

rapidly and revenue plunged. By the end of 2013, Nokia had sold its phone business to

Microsoft.

What

sealed

Nokia’s

fate was a

series

of decisions made

by Stephen

Elop

in his

position as CEO, which he 40 in October 2010. Each day that Elop spent in charge of

Nokia,

the

company

’s

market

value

declined

by

$$

23

million,

making

him,

by

the

numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history.

But Elop was not the only person at 41

Nokia’s board

resisted change, making it

impossible for the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry. Most 42 , Jorma

Ollila,

who

had

led

Nokia’s

transition

from

an

industrial

company

to

a

technology

giant, was too

fascinated by the company’s

43 success to recognize the change that

was needed to sustain its

competitiveness.

The

company

also

embarked

on

a

44

cost-cutting

program,

which

included

the

elimination of thousands of jobs. This contributed to the 45

of the company’s once

-

spirited culture, which had motivated employees to take risks and make miracles. Good

’

leaders

left

the

company,

taking

Nokia

s

sense

of

vision

and

directions

with

them.

Not surprisingly, much of Nokia’s most valuable design and programming talent left as

well.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

2

上作答。

A) assumed

B) bias

C) desperate

D) deterioration

E) exception

F) fault

G) incidentally

H) notably

I) previous

J) relayed

K) shifting

L) shrank

M) subtle

N) transmitting

O) worldwide

Section B

Directions

：

In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached

5

to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the

paragraph from which

6

the

information is derived. You may choose a

paragraph more

than once.

Each paragraph is

marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on

Answer

Sheet 2.

First-Generation College-Goers

：

Unprepared and Behind

Kids

who are the first

in

their families to brave

the world of higher

education come

on campus with little academic know-how and are much more likely than their peers to

drop out before graduation.

A)

When

Nijay

Williams

entered

college

last

fall

as

a

first- generation

student

and

B)

C)

D)

E)

F)

G)

Jamaican

immigrant,

he

was

academically

unprepared

for

the

rigors

of

higher

education. Like many first-generation students, he enrolled in a medium-sized state

university many of his high school peers were also attending, received a Pell Grant,

and took out some small federal loans to cover other costs. Given the high price of

room and board and the closeness of the school to his family, he chose to live at

home and worked between 30 and 40 hours a week while taking a full class schedule.

What Nijay didn’t realize abou

t his school

—

Tennessee State University

—

was its

frighteningly

low

graduation

rate

a

mere

29

percent

for

its

first- generation

students. At the end of his first year, Nijay lost his Pell Grant of over $$ 5 000

after

narrowly

missing

the

2.0

GPA

cut-off,

making

it

impossible

for

him

to

continue paying for school.

Nijay represents a large and growing group of Americans

：

first-generation college

students

who

enter

school

unprepared

or

behind.

To

make

matters

worse,

these

schools

are

ill-equipped

to

graduate

these

students

—

young

adults

who

face

specific

challenges

and

obstacles.

They

typically

carry

financial

burdens

that

outweigh those of their peers, are more likely to work while attending school, and

often require significant academic

remediation

(

补习）

.

Matt Rubinoff directs Tm First, a nonprofit organization launched last October to

reach

out

to

this

specific

population

of

students.

He

hopes

to

distribute

this

information and help prospective college- goers find the best post-secondary fit.

And

while

Rubinoff

believes

there

are

a

good

number

of

four-year

schools

that

truly care about these students and set aside significan t resources and programs

for them, he says

that number isn’t

high enough.

“It’s

not

only

the

selective

and

elite

institutions

that

provide

those

opportunities for a small subset of this population,” Rubinoff said, adding that

a

majority

of first-generation

undergraduates

tend

toward

options

such

as

online

programs,

two-

year

colleges,

and

commuter

state

schools.

“Unfortunately,

there

tends

to

be

a

lack

of

information

and

support

to

help

students

think

bigger

and

broader.”

Despite

this

problem,

many

students

are

still

drawn

to

these

institutions

—

and

two-year

schools

in

particular.

As

a

former

high

school

teacher,

I

saw

students

choose familiar, cheaper options year after year. Instead of skipping out on higher

education altogether, they chose community colleges or state schools with low bars

for

admittance.

“They underestimate themselves when selecting a university,” said

Dave Jarrat, a

marketing executive for Inside Track, a for-profit organization that specializes in

coaching

low- income

students

and

supporting

colleges

in

order

to

help

students

thrive. “The reality of it is that a

lot of low-income kids could

be going

to

elite

universities on a full

ride scholarship and

don

5

t even realize

it.”

experience

of

successfully

completing

higher

education,

so

they

are

coming

in

questioning

themselves

and

their

college

wort

hiness,”

Jarrat

continued.

That

helps explain why, as

I’m First’s

Rubinoff

H)

“Many

students

are

coming

from

a

situation

where

no

one

around

them

has

the

7

I)

J)

K)

L)

M)

N)

indicated, the schools to which these students end up resorting can end up being

some

of

the

poorest

matches

for

them.

The

University

of

Tennessee

in

Knoxville

offers one example of this dilemma. A flagship university in the South, the school

graduates

just

16

percent

of

its

first- generation

students,

despite

its

overall

graduation rate of 71 percent. Located only a few hours apart, The University of

Tennessee

and

Tennessee

State

ar

e

worth

comparing.

Tennessee

State’s

overall

graduation rate is a tiny 39 percent, but at least it has a smaller gap between the

outcomes for first-generation students and those of their peers.

Still,

the

University

of

Tennessee

deserves

credit

for

being

transparent.

Many

large

institutions

keep

this

kind

of

data

secret

—

or

at

least

make

it

incredibly

difficult to find. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, for instance,

admits

only

that

the

graduation

rate

for

its

first-

generation

pupils

is

“much

lower”

than

the

percentage

of

all

students

who

graduate

within

four

years

(81

percent).

It is

actually quite

difficult

to find

reliable

statistics

on

the issue for

many

schools. Higher education institutions are, under federal law, required to report

graduation

rates,

but

these

reports

typically

only

include

Pell

recipient

numbers

—

not

necessarily

rates

specific

to

first-generation

students.

Other

initiatives fail to break down the data, too. Imagine how intimidating it can be

for

prospective

students

unfamiliar

with

the

complexities

of

higher

education

to

navigate this kind of information and then identify which schools are the best fit.

It

was

this

lack

of

information

that

prompted

the

launch

of

Tm

First

in

2013,

originally

as

an

arm

of

its

umbrella

organization,

the

Center

For

Student

Opportunity.

“If

we can help to direct students to more of these types of campuses

and

help

students

to understand

them

to be

realistic

and

accessible

places,

have

them apply to these schools at greater frequency and ultimately get in and enroll,

we

are

going

to

raise

the

success

rate,”

Rubinoff

said,

citing

a

variety

of

colleges ranging from large state institutions to smaller private

schools.

Chelsea

Jones,

who

now

directs

student

programming

at

I

’

m

First,

was

a

first-

generation

college

student

at

Howard.

Like

other

student

new

to

the

intimidating

higher- education world, she often struggled on her path to college,

“

There wasn

’

t

really a college-bound culture at my high school,

”

she said.

“

I wanted to go to

college

but

I

didn

’

t

really

know

the

process.

”

Jones

became

involved

with

a

college-access

program

through

Princeton

University

in

high

school.

Now,

she

attributes

much

of

her

understanding

of

college

to

that

：

“

But

once

I

got

to

campus,

it

was

a

completely

different

ball

game

that

no

one

really

prepared

me

for.

”

She was fortunate, though. Howard, a well-regarded historically black college, had

an

array

of

resources

for

its

first-generation

students,

including

matching

kids

with counselors, connecting first- generation students to one another, and TRIO, a

national

program

that

supported

200

students

on

Howard’s

campus.

Still,

Jones

represents

a

small

percentage

of

first-generation

students

who

are

able

to

gain

entry into more elite universities, which are often known for robust financial aid

packages

and

remarkably

high

graduation

rates

for

first-generation

students.

(Harvard,

for

example,

boasts

a

six-

year

graduation

rate

for

underrepresented

minority groups of 98 percent.)

Christian

Vazquez,

a

first- generation

Yale

graduate,

is

another

exception,

his

success story setting him far apart from students such as Nijay.

“

There is a lot

of support at Yale, to an extent, after a while, there is too much support,

”

he

said, half-joking about the countless resources available at the school. Students

are placed in small groups with counselors (trained seniors on campus); they have

access to cultural and ethnic

affinity

(

联系）

groups, tutoring centers and also

8

have a summer orientation specifically for first-generation students (the latter

being one of the most common programs for students).

O)

“

Our support structure was more like:

‘

You are going to get through Yale; you

are going to do well,

’”

he said, hinting at

mentors

(

导

师

）

, staff, and

professors who all provided significant support for students who lacked

confidence about

“

belonging

”

at such a top institution.

注意：此部分试题请在

答题卡

2

上作答。

46.

Many first- generation college-goers have doubts about their abilities to get a

college degree.

47.

First- generation college students tend to have much heavier financial burdens than

their peers.

48.

The graduation rate of first-

generation students at Nijay’s university was

incredibly low.

49.

Some top institutions like Yale seem to provide first- generation students with

more support than they actually need.

50.

On entering college, Nijay Williams had no idea how challenging college education was.

51.

Many universities simply refuse to release their exact graduation rates for first-

generation students.

52.

According to a marketing executive, many students from low-

income families don’t

know they could have a chance of going to an elite university.

53.

Some elite universities attach great importance to building up

the first-

,

generation students

self-confidence.

54.

I’m

First distributes information to help first-generation college-goers find

schools that are most suitable for them.

55.

Elite universities tend to graduate first-generation students at a higher rate.

Section C

Directions

：

There are 2 passages in this section

.

Each passage is followed by some

questions or unfinished statements

.

For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)

and D)

.

You

should decide on

the best choice and mark

the corresponding

letter on

Answer

Sheet 2

with a single

line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

Saying

they

can

no

longer

ignore

the

rising

prices

of

health

care,

some

of

the

most influential medical groups in the nation are recommending that doctors weigh the

costs, not just the effectiveness of treatments, as they make decisions about patient

care.

The

shift,

little

noticed

outside

the

medical

establishment

but

already

controversial inside it, suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles,

from

being

concerned

exclusively

about

individual

patients

to

exerting

influence

on

how healthcare dollars are spent.

In

practical

terms,

the

new

guidelines

being

developed

could

result

in

doctors

choosing

one

drug

over

another

for

cost

reasons

or

even

deciding

that

a

particular

treatment

—

at

the

end

of

life,

for

example

—

is

too

expensive.

In

the

extreme,

some

critics have said that making treatment decisions based on cost is a form of rationing.

Traditionally,

guidelines

have

heavily

influenced

the

practice

of

medicine,

and

the

latest

ones

are

expected

to

make

doctors

more

conscious

of

the

economic

consequences

of

their

decisions,

even

though

there

’

s

no

obligation

to

follow

them.

Medical

society

guidelines

are

also

used

by

insurance

companies

to

help

determine

reimbursement

（报销）

policies.

9

Some

doctors

see

a

potential

conflict

in

trying

to be

both

providers

of

patient

care

and

financial

overseers.

“There

should

be

forces

in

society

who

should

be

concerned about the budget, but they

10

shouldn’t

be

functioning

simultaneously

as

do

ctors,”

said

Dr.

Martin

Samuels

at

a

Boston

hospital.

He

said

doctors

risked

losing

the

trust

of

patients

if

they

told

patients,

“I’m

not going to do what I think is best for you because I think

it’s

bad

for the healthcare budget in Massachusetts.”

Doctors can face some grim trade-offs. Studies have

shown, for example, that two

drugs are about equally effective in treating macular degeneration, and eye disease.

But one costs $$ 50 a dose and the other close to $$ 2 000. Medicare could save hundreds

of millions of dollars a year if everyone used the cheaper drug, Avastin, instead of

the costlier one, Lucentis.

But the Food and Drug Administration has not approved Avastin for use in the eye,

and

using

it

rather

than

the

alternative,

Lucentis,

might

carry

an

additional,

although

slight,

safety

risk.

Should

doctors

consider Medicare’s budget

in deciding

what to use?

“

I think

eth ically

(

在道德层面上）

we are just worried about the patient in front of

us and not trying to save money for the insurance industry or society as a whole,

”

said Dr. Donald Jensen.

Still, some analysts say that there’s a role for doctors to play in cost analysis

because n

ot many others are doing so. “In some ways,” said Dr. Daniel Sulmasy, “it

represents a failure of wider society to take up the issue.”

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

2

上作答。

56.

What do some most influential medical groups recommend doctors do?

A)

Reflect on the responsibilities they are supposed to take.

B)

Pay more attention to the effectiveness of their treatments.

C)

Take costs into account when making treatment decisions.

D)

Readjust their practice in view of the cuts in health

care.

57.

What were doctors mainly concerned about in the past?

A)

Specific medicines to be used.

C) Professional advancement.

B)

Effects of medical treatment.

D) Patients

5

trust.

58.

What may the new guidelines being developed lead to?

A)

The redefining of

doctors’

roles.

C) Conflicts between doctors and patients.

B)

Overuse of less effective medicines.

D)

The prolonging of patients’

suffering.

59.

What risk do doctors see in their dual role as patient care providers and financial

overseers?

A)

They may be involved in a conflict of interest.

B)

They may be forced to divide their attention.

C)

They may have to use less effective drugs.

D)

They may lose the respect of patients.

60.

What do some experts say about doctors’ involvement in medical cost

analysis?

A)

It may add to

doctors’ already heavy

workloads.

B)

It will help to save money for society as a whole.

C)

It

results from society’s failure

to tackle the

problem.

5

D)

It raises doctors

awareness of their social responsibilities.

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Economic

inequality

is

the

“defining

challenge

of

our

time,”

Pre

sident

Barack

Obama declared in a speech last month to the Center for American Progress. Inequality

is dangerous, he argued, not merely because it doesn’t look good

to have a large gap

between the rich and the poor , but because inequality itself destroys upward mobility,

11

making

it

harder

for

the

poor

to

escape

from

poverty.

“Increased

inequality

and

decreasing mobility pose a fundamental threat to the American

Dream,”

he

12

said.

Obama is only the most prominent public figure to declare inequality Public Enemy

No.

1

and

the

greatest

threat

to

reducing

poverty

in

America.

A

number

of

prominent

econ

omists

have

also

argued

that

it

’

s

harder

for

the

poor

to

climb

the

economic

ladder today because the

rungs

(

横档）

in that ladder have grown farther apart.

For

all

the

new

attention

devoted

to

the

1

percent,

a

new

dataset

from

the

Equality

of

Opportunity

Project

at

Harvard

and

Berkeley

suggests

that,

if

we

care

about upward mobility overall, we’re vastly exaggerati

ng the dangers of the rich-poor

gap. Inequality itself is not a particularly strong predictor of economic mobility, as

sociologist Scott Winship noted in a recent article based on his analysis of this data.

So what factors, at the community level, do predict if poor children will move up

the

economic

ladder

as

adults?

What

explains,

for

instance,

why

the

Salt

Lake

City

metro

area

is

one

of

the

100

largest

metropolitan

areas

most

likely

to

lift

the

fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is one of the least likely?

Harvard

economist

Raj

Chetty

has

pointed

to

economic

and

racial

segregation,

community

density,

the

size

of

a

community’s

middle

class,

the

quality

of

schools,

community

religiosity,

and

family

structure,

which

he

calls

the

“single

stronges

t

correlate

of

upward

mobility.”

Chetty

finds

that

communities

like

Salt

Lake

City,

with high

levels of two- parent families

and religiosity, are much

more likely to see

poor children get ahead than communities like Atlanta, with high levels of racial and

economic segregation.

Chetty

has

not

yet

issued

a

comprehensive

analysis

of

the

relative

predictive

power of each of these factors. Based on my analyses of the data, of the factors that

Chetty

has

highlighted,

the

following

three

seem

to

be

most

predictive

of

upward

mobility in a given community

：

1.

Per- capita

（人均）

income growth

2.

Prevalence of single mothers (where correlation is strong, but negative)

3.

Per- capita local government spending

In

other

words,

communities

with

high

levels

of

per-capita

income

growth,

high

percentages

of

two-parent

families,

and

high

local

government

spending

—

which

may

stand

for

good

schools

—

are

the

most

likely

to

help

poor

children

relive

Horatio

Alger

5

s rags-to- riches story.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

2

上作答。

61.

How does Obama view economic inequality?

A)

It is the biggest obstacle to social

mobility.

B)

It is the greatest threat to social stability.

C)

It is the No. 1 enemy of income growth.

D)

It is the most malicious social evil of our time.

62.

What do we learn about the inequality gap from Scott

Winship’s

data analysis?

A)

It is fast widening across most parts of America.

B)

It is not a reliable indicator of economic

mobility.

C)

It is not correctly interpreted.

D)

It is overwhelmingly ignored.

63.

Compared with Atlanta, metropolitan Salt Lake City is said to

_.

A)

have placed religious beliefs above party politics

B)

have bridged the gap between the rich and the poor

C)

offer poor children more chances to climb the social ladder

13

D)

suffer from higher levels of racial and economic segregation

64.

What is strongly correlated with social mobility according to economist Raj Chetty?

A)

Family structure. B) Racial equality. C) School education. D) Community density.

65.

What does the author seem to suggest?

A)

It is important to increase the size of the middle

class.

B)

It is highly important to expand the metropolitan

areas.

C)

It is most imperative to focus our efforts on the elimination of income

inequality.

D)

It is better to start from the community to help poor children move up the social

ladder.

Part

Ⅳ

Translation

(30 minutes)

Directions

：

For this part

,

you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from

Chinese into English

.

You should write your answer on

Answer Sheet 2.

< br>在中国，父母总是竭力帮助孩子，甚至为孩手做重要决定，而不管孩子想要什么，因为他们相

信这样做是为孩子好。结果，孩子的成长和教育往往屈从于父母的意愿。

< /p>

如果父母决定为孩子报名参加一个课外班，以增加其被重点学校录取的机会，他们会坚持自 己

的决定，即使孩子根本不感兴趣。

然而在美国，父母很可能会尊重孩子的意见，并在决策时更注重他们的意见。

中国父母十分重视教育或许值得称赞。然而，他们应向美国父母学习在涉及教育时如何平衡父

母与子女间的关系。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

2

上作答。

14

2015

年

12

月 大学英语六级考试真题

(

一

)

答案与详解

Part

Ⅰ

结构框图：

Writing

一、第

1

段描述图片，并指出图片 寓意——社交网站对我们的日常阅读产生了重要影响。

二、第

2

段从正反两方面论述社交网站对阅读的影响。

三、第

3

段总结全文——意见不统 一不足为奇，提出个人观点并给出原因。

The Impact of Social Networking Websites on Reading

As we can see from the picture

，

a pair of lovers is discussing about

reading. To

our

amusement,

the

boy

says

his

favorite

book

is

Facebook.

While

the

picture

is

seemingly

humorous

and

ridiculous,

it

is

thought

-provoking

on

second

thought,

intending to inform us that the social networks have exerted an important impact on o

ur

daily

reading.

Opinions

vary

when

it

comes

to

the

impact

of

social

networking

websites on reading. Some-people insist that social networking websites provide large

collections of

information at

great speed and

stimulate our

reading interest. On the

other hand, some people claim that it is a common phenomenon that youngsters spend too

much

time

reading

on

social

networking

websites,

and

it

is

these

websites

that

make

teenagers have less opportunities or time to read traditional books.

There

is

a

saying

goes

like

this

，

“Every

coin

has

two

sides”.

So

there

is

no

surprise that there are different opinions on the impact of social networking websites

on reading. However, I, as a college student, am convinced that it is necessary for us

to

read on social networking websites, but it

is also of greater necessity

for us to

read traditional books, because social networking websites are just tools and a heavy

dependence on them will bring more harm than good.

Part

Ⅱ

Listening

Comprehension

1.

听力原文：

W: Wow, what a variety of salads

you’ve

got on your menu! Could you

recommend something special?

M

：

Well, I think you can try this mixed salad. We make the

dressing with fresh berries. Q

：

What does the man mean?

【精析】

C)

。 语义理解题。女士发现这家饭店的沙拉多种多样，于是请男士给她推荐点特别的，男

士向 她推荐了混拌沙拉，因为这道菜的调料是用浆果制作而成。由此可知，是特殊的调料使得这款

沙拉很吸引人。

2.

听力原文：

W

：

I was talking to Mary the other day and she mentioned that your new

consulting firm is doing really well.

M

：

Yes. Business picked up much faster than we anticipated. We

now have over 200 clients. Q

：

What do we learn about the man from

the conversation?

【精析】

B)

< br>。语义理解题。女士说她前几天碰到了

Mary

，从

Mary

那里听说男士的新咨询公司现在很

15

是成功

;

男士表示的确如此，他的生意发展得比他们预想得都好，现在已经有超过两百名客户了。由

此可知，目前男士的生意相当成功。

3.

听力原文：

M

：

Do you know where we keep flash discs and printing paper?

W

：

They should be in the cabinet if there are any. That’s where we

keep all of our office supplies. Q

：

What does the woman mean?

【精析】

C)< /p>

。弦外之音题。对话中男士问女士是否知道

U

< br>盘和打印纸放在哪儿了，女士说如果还有

的话，

应该都放在柜子里了，因为他们所有的办公用品都放在那里。由此可知，女士的意思是男士

应该能在柜子里找到他所需要的办公用品。

4.

听力原文：

W

：

The print in this dictionary is so small. I

can’t

read the explanations at all. M

：

Let me get my

magnifying glass.

I know I just can’t do without

it.

Q

：

What does the man mean?

【

精析

】

A)

。事实细节题。对话中女士对男士说词典里的字太小了，她根本就 看不清那些释义

;

男士

说他要去拿放大 镜，没有放大镜，他也没法看东西。由此可知，男士得用放大镜才能看清东西。

5.

听力原文：

W

：

I’m

considering having my office furniture is old

and the paint is chipping.

16

M

：

I’ll

give you my sister- in-

law’s number.

She just graduated from an interior design

academy and will give a free estimate. Q

：

What is the woman considering?

【精析】

A)

。事实细节题。女士对男士说她正考虑重新装修办公室，家具旧了，墙上的漆都开始剥落

了

;

男士说他可以把弟妹的电话给女士，因为他弟妹毕业于 室内装修学院，可以给女士免费进行评

估。由此可知，女士正在考虑的事情是重新装修办 公室。

6.

听力原文：

W

：

We have a full load of goods that needs to be delivered. But we

can’t

get a container ship anywhere. M:

That’s

always been a problem in this port.

The facilities here are never able to meet our needs.

Q

：

What are the speakers talking about?

【

精析< /p>

】

D)

。综合理解题。对话中女士对男士 说他们有一大批货物需要运走，但怎么也找不到集装

箱船只

;< /p>

男士表示在这个港口，此类问题一直存在，港口的设施根本满足不了他们的需求。由此可< /p>

知，两人讨论的是港口缺乏集装箱船只的问题。

7.

听力原文：

W

：

Why

didn’t

Rod get a pay raise?

M

：

The boss just

isn’t convinced

that his work attitude warranted it. She said she

saw him by the coffee machine more often than at his desk.

Q

：

What are the speakers talking about?

【精析】

B)

。推理判断题。对话中女士奇怪为什么

Rod

没有涨工资，男士说那是因为老板觉的他的工作

态

度有问题，

老板说她在咖啡机边看到

Rod

的时间比她看到

Rod

在办公桌前 办公的时间还要多。

由此可知，对话中的两人正在讨论他们的同事

Rod

。

8.

听力原文：

W

：

The hotel called,

saying that because of a scheduling error, they

won’t

be able to cater for our banquet.

M

：

I know an Indian restaurant on the High Street that offers a special dinner for

groups. The food is excellent and the room is large enough to accommodate us.

Q

：

What does the man suggest they do?

【精析】

C)< /p>

。请求建议题。对话中女士对男士说酒店打来电话，说由于日程安排出了问题，他们不

能承接

宴会了

;

男士马上说他知道在

High Street

有一家印度餐馆，可以为团体客户提供特殊待

遇，那里的食物很棒，房间也足够 大。由此可知，男士的言外之意是说他们可以把宴会的地点改在他所

推荐的印度餐馆。< /p>

9-12.

听力原

文：

M:

Hello, Jane.

W: Hello,

Paul.

M: Please come

in. I’m just getting ready

to go home. (9)Susan is expecting me for

dinner. I wanted to be on time for a change. W: (10)

Look, I’m terribly sorry

to drop

in at this time on Friday? Paul, but it is rather important.

M: That’s OK. What’s the problem?

17

W:

Well, Paul, I won’t

keep you long. You see there is a problem with the exchange

rates. The Indian Rupee has taken a fall on the foreign exchange market. (11) You see

there has been a sharp increase in

Indian’s

balance of payment deficit.

M: I see. That’s serious，isn’t it.

W: Well, as you know, there have been reports of unrest India, and the prospects

for the Rupee look pretty gloomy. M: And that’s going to affect us, as if we

didn’t have enough problems on our hands.

W: So I thought it would be wise to take out forward exchange cover to protect our

position on the outstanding contracts. M: Just a minute. Forward exchange cover? Now

what does that mean exactly?

W: Well, it-means that JO Motors enters into a commitment to sell

Indian Rupees at the present rate. M: I see. And how will that

benefit us?

W: Well

，JO Motors won’t lose out if the Indian Rupee falls further.

M: What will it cost, Jane?

W: A small percentage, about 1% and that can be built into the price of the bike.

M:

Well,

I

don’t

suppose

there

is

much

choice.

All

right,

Jane,

let’s

put

it

into

action.

18

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9.

What do we learn about the

man’s

daily

life?

10.

Why did the woman come to see the

man?

11.

What makes the woman worry about the Indian Rupee?

答案详解：

9.

B)

。 细节推断题。对话中男士与女士见面时，男士告诉女士，他正要回家，

Susan

正在家里

等他回去吃晚餐。

for a change

这一表达方式所表本的意思是“变换一下”，既然男士今天要按时

回家与家人一起共进晚餐，也就可以推测出他大多数时候是不按时回家吃晚餐的。

10.

D)

< p>
。目的原因题。对话中女士说她很抱歉在周五的这个时间来找男士，但她的事情非常重

要，对话中并没有提到“紧急”，因此排除

C)

， 同时可以确认女士来找男士的目的就是要告诉男士

一件重要的事情。

11.

D)

< br>。事实细节题。对话中女士提到，印度卢比的汇率在外汇市场出现下滑，因此印度的收支逆

差急剧增加。

Conversation Two

12-15

听力原文

W: Charles, among other things, you are regarded as one of the America’s great masters

of the Blues

—

a musical idiom does essentially about loss, particularly the loss of

romantic love. Why does love die?

M: (12)People often get into love affairs because they have unrealistic expectations

about somebody.

Then when the person doesn’t turn out to be who they thought he or

she was, they start thinking “maybe I can change him or her.” That kind of thinking

is a mistake. Because when the dust settles, people are going to be pretty much what

they are. It ’s a rare thing for anybody to be able to change who they really are.

And this creates a lot of problems.

W: At 62, you continue to spend a large percentage of your life touring. What appeals to

you about life on the road?

M: (13)

Music. I don’t especially love life on the road, but I figure if you are lucky

enough to be able to do what you truly love

doing? You’ve got the ultimate in life.

W: What’s the most widely

-held misconception about the life of a famous musician?

M: (14)

People think it’s all glamour.

Actually we have the same trouble as they do.

Playing music doesn’t mean life treats you any better.

W: How do you feel about being recognized everywhere you go?

M:

You’d

think

I’d

be used to it by now. (15)But I still find it fascinating. You go

to a little town in Japan, where nobody speaks English, yet they know you on site and

know all your music.

I’m still

amazed by the love people express for me and by music.

19

Questions

12

to

15

are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12.

What does the man say about most people when they get into love affairs?

13.

What does the man say about himself as a singer on the road most of his life?

14.

What do most people think of the life of a famous musician?

15.

How does the man feel whenever he is recognized by his fans?

12

、

A)

。事实 细节题。对话中女士问男士为什么情不能永葆活力，男士说人们陷人恋爱关系时，往

往都 对他人抱着一种不切实际的期待，如果对方与自己想象的不一样，则希望对方能够为自己而改变，

可实际上

,

人们很难真正改变。

13

、

D)

。推理判断题。对话中女士问男士，他已经

62

岁了，还经 常到处走动，是什么吸引着他一直

行走在路上，男士毫不犹豫地说是音乐促使他前行，他 认为如果一个人有幸能去做他自己真正喜爱

14

、

C)

。细节辨认题。对话中女士问男士人们最容易对知名音乐家所产生的错 误概念是什么，男士

明确地说，人们认为知名音乐家的生活只有光辉，这是不对的，生活 对他们并不比对待普通人更加

仁慈。

15

、

B)

。观点态度题。对话中女士 问男士走到哪儿都会被人认出来的感觉如何，男士说，按说他应

该已经习惯了这种感觉， 但事实是，他依然感觉十分惊异，他举了一个例子，他曾经到过一个日本

小镇，那里的人 根本不会英语，

但却一下子就认出他来，还通过音乐与他交流 。

fascinating

和

amazed

的意思相似，都表示“惊异的，惊喜的”。

< br>的事情，他就触碰到了生活的极致。由此可见，男士所做的正是他自己喜欢做的事情。

20

Section B

Passage One

16-18

听力原文

Changing

technology

and

markets

have

stimulated

the

team

approach

to

management.

Inflation,

resource

scarcity,

reduced

personnel

levels

and

budget

cuts

have

all

underscore the need for better coordination in organizations. Team management provides

for this coordination. Team management calls for new skills if personnel potential is

to

be

fully

realized.

(16)

Although

a

team

may

be

composed

of

knowledgeable

people,

they

must

learn

new

ways

of

relating

and

working

together

to

solve

cross- functional

problems. When teams consist of experienced employees from hierarchical organizations

who

have been

conditioned to

traditional

organizational

culture,

cooperation

may not

occur naturally. It may need to be created. (17)Furthermore, the issue is not just how

the

team

can

function

more

effectively,

but

how

it

integrates

with

the

overall

organization

or

society

that

it

supposedly

serves.

A

group

of

individuals

is

not

automatically

a

team.

Therefore,

team

building

may

be

necessary

in

order

to

improve

the groups performance. Casey, an expert in this field, suggests that the cooperation

process within teams

must

be organized, promoted and

managed. He

believes

that

t

eam

corporation results when members go beyond their individual capabilities, beyond what

each

is

used

to

being

and

doing.

Together,

the

team

may

then

produce

something

new,

unique

and

superior

to

that

of

any

one

member.

For

this

to

happen,

he

suggests

the

multi-cultural

managers

exhibit

understanding

of

their

own

and

other’s

cultural

influences

and

limitations.

They

should

also

cultivate

such

skills

as

toleration

of

ambiguity,

persistence

and

patience,

as

well

as

assertedness.

(18)If

a

team

manager

exemplifies such qualities, then the team as a whole would be better able to realize

their potential and achieve their objectives.

Questions 16 to 18are based on the passage you have just heard.

16.

What should team members do to fully realize their potential?

17.

What needs to be considered for effective team management?

18.

What conclusion can we draw from what Casey says?

答案详解：

16

、

B)

。事实细节题。短文中说，虽然团队当中可能有些人 的确非常博学，但他们也应该学会与团

队中的其他人员共同协作，形成良好的合作关系并 能一起解决冋题。

17

、

< p>
A)

。细节辨认题。短文中提到，问题不仅仅在于应该怎样让团队更高效地 工作，还应该让团队

21

与它所服务的公司或社会融合在一起。

18

、

D)

。推理判断题。短文中提 到按照

Casey

的看法，如果团队经理能够展示出他所提 到的各种

素质，整个团队就能够更好地发挥潜力，实现目标。也就是说，团队经理应该具 有某些特定的素

质。

Passage Two

19-21

听力原文

In

early

1994,

when

Mark

Andreessen

was

just

23

years

old,

he

arrived

in

Silicon

Valley with an idea that would change the world. (19) As a student

at the University

of Illinois, he and his

friends

had developed a program called Mosaic, which allowed

people to share informationon on the World Wide Web. Before Mosaic, the Web had been

used mainly by scientists and other technical people, who were happy just to send and

receive

text.

But

with

Mosaic,

Andreessen

and

his

friends

had

developed

a

program

which could send images over the Web as well. Mosaic was an overnight,success. It was

put on the

university’s network

at the beginning of 1993. And by the end of the year,

it

had

over

a

million

users.

Soon

after,

Andreessen

went

to

seek

his

fortune

in

Silicon Valley. (20)Once he got there, he started to have meetings with a man called

Jim Clark, who was one of

the

Valley’s

most

famous

entrepreneurs.

In

1994,

nobody

was

making

any

real

money

from the Internet which was still very slow and hard to use. But Andreessen had seen

an opportunity that would make him and Clark rich within two years. He suggested they

should create a new computer program that would do the same job as Mosaic but would be

much easier to use.

22

Clark listened carefully to Andreessen, whose ideas and enthusiasm impressed him greatly.

(21) Eventually, Clark agreed to invest three million dollars of his own money in the

project; and to raise an extra 15 million from venture capitalists who were

always keen to listen to Clark’s new ideas

.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19.

What do we learn about Mosaic?

C) What did Andreessen do upon arriving in Silicon Valley?

21.

Why were venture capitalists willing to join in

Clark’s

investment?

答案详解：

19

、

D)

。事实细节题。短文一开始就提到，

M ark

和他的朋友开发了

Mosaic,

它可以允许人们通过

网络在全世界范围内共享信息。

20

、

B)

。事实细节题。短文中说

Andreesen

—到硅谷，就与硅谷的著名企业家

Jim Clark

进行了会

面。

21

、

A)

。目的原因 题。短文最后一部分说，

Clark

不仅自己投了资，还为

Andreessen

找了风险投

资家，他们之所以愿意为

Andreessen

投资，主要是因为他们热衷于

Clark

的新想法。

Passage Three

22-25

听力原文

Advertising informs consumers about the existence and benefits of products and services

and

attempts

to

persuade

them

to

buy

them.

(22)

The

best

form

of

advertising

is

probably word-of-mouth advertising which occurs when people tell their friends about

the

benefits

of

products

or

services

that

they

have

purchased.

Yet

virtually

no

providers

of

goods or services rely on this alone, but use

paid

advertising

instead.

(23)Indeed many organizations also use institutional or prestige advertising which is

designed

to

build

up

their

reputation

rather

than

to

sell

particular

products.

(24)

Although large companies could easily set up their own advertising departments, write

their own advertisements and buy media space themselves, they tend to use the services

of

large

advertising

agencies.

These

are

likely

to

have

more

resources

and

more

knowledge about all aspects of advertising and advertising media than a single company.

It is also easier for a dissatisfied company to give its account to another agency than

it would be to fire its own advertising staff. The client company generally gives the

advertising agency an agreed budget, a statement of the objectives of the advertising

campaign, known as a brief and an overall advertising strategy concerning the message

to

be

communicated

to

the

target

customers.

The

agency

creates

advertisements

and

develops a media plan, specifying which media will be used and in which proportions.

(25)

Agencies

often

produce

alternative

ads

or

commercials

that

are

pre- tested

in

23

newspapers,

television

stations,

etc.

,

in

different

parts

of

the

country

before

a

final choice is. made prior to a national campaign.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22.

What is probably the best form of advertising according to the

speaker?

23.

What does the speaker say is the purpose of many

organizations’ using

prestige

advertising?

24.

How do large companies generally handle their advertising?

25.

What would advertising agencies often do before a national campaign?

答案详解：

2 2

、

C)

。细节辨认题。短文开头提到 ，最好的广告形式就是口口相传，也就是人们会把自己认为不

错的产品或服务向朋友推荐 。

23

、

B )

。目的原因题。短文中提到很多机构通过广告公司进行宣传，并不一定是想要销售产品 ，而

更多的是想树立起企业或公司的良好声誉。

24

、

A)

。细节辨认题。 短文中提到，虽然对于大公司来说，建立自己的广告部门、自己撰写广告方

案、购买媒体 空间都并不是多么困难的事情，但他们还是倾向于借助大型广告公司所提供的服务来

做广 告。

25

、

D)

。细节推断题。短文最后提到，广告公司在向全国投放广告

之前，通常会先小范围地在报纸、电视等渠道上进行测试，也就是说，他们会在特定地区进行广告

试验。

24

Section C

26

、

【答案】

eternal

。【精析】修饰关系题。空格位于不定冠词

an

和名词

concept

之间，应该填

入以元音发音开头的形

词，作定语修饰名词

concept

。第一句提到物种

绝 是一个不容易理解的概

念，而在下文提到，它与杀死那些可以再补充的单个生命形式不同 ，也就是说，它是一个永远无法

逆转的概念。结合录音填入

eternal

，意为“永远的，永恒的”。

27

、

【答案】

dimini shing

。【精析】语义推断题。空格所在句为倒装句，空格所在部分应该是句子的< /p>

表语，由于空格后有名词，

因此，

空格处应填入具有形容词性质 的词。由句意可知，灭绝不仅仅是

数字的减少。结合录音填人

d iminishing,

意为“咸少，减小”。

28

、【答案】

absolute

< br>。【精析】并列关系题。空格位于连词

and

之前，需要填入一个形容词，与

final

形成并列关系，

一起来修饰名词

act

。结合录音填入

absolute

，意为“绝对的”。

29

、【答案】

succeed

。【 精析】句意推断题。空格前的主语为复数，结合下句时态可知，空格内应填

入动词（词组 ）

原形作谓语。由句意可知，不管在我们之后还有多少代人会 继续生存，都不会再看

到那些已经灭绝的物种了。这些人是我们的延续，结合录音填入< /p>

succeed,

意为“接替，继承”。

30

、【答案】

on a vast scale

。【精析】修饰关系题。空格所在句不缺少句子主要成分，因此此处应

填入副词或副词性短语，充当句子的状语。上一段提到了灭绝，本段提到了人类对自然资源的浪 费和破

坏，这些都是大范围的行为。结合录音填入

on a vast scale

，意为“大面积地，大范围地”。

31

、【答案】

As

regards

。【精析】固定搭配题。空格与其后的名词性短语

basic

natural

resources

不是句子主干的一部分，

因此此处需要填入介词，形成介词短语。结合录音填入

As

regards

，意为“至于，关于”。注意首字母需要大写。

32

、【答案】

used up

。【精析】句意推断题。空格位于句子谓语部分，与

are being

连在除起，构

成现在进行时的被动语态，表示“正 在被”，因此此处应该填入动词（词组）的过去分词。由

but

we are also ruining

可知，我们正在以疯 狂的速度和手段将自然界中不可再生的资源消耗殆尽。

结合录音填入

used up,

意为

“用光，消耗光”。

33

< p>
、【答案】

disposing

。【精析】并列关 系题。空格前有两个动名词

processing

，

consuming,

由

and

确认这三个词应该是并列关系，因此此处也应填入动词 的

-ing

形式。

< br>结合录音填入

disposing,

意为“处理，扔掉” 。

34

、【答案】

< br>modification

。【精析】并列关系题。空格位于形容词

cultural

之后，应填入名词，

与

cultural

形成名词短语后，再通过

or

与

historical change

< br>形成并列关系。结合录音填入

modification,

意为“修改，改变”。

35

、【答 案】

magnitude

。【精析】句意推断题。空格位于介词

of

之后，应该填入名词，充当介词

的宾语。空格所在句说明，人类正在经历的变革十分重大，不仅仅是简单的历史变迁或是文化变

更，而是地理、生物以及心理等各种

秩序的重大变革。结合录音填人

magnitude,

意为“重要性，重要程度”。

PartⅢ

Reading Comprehension

Section A

答案详解：

36

、

E)

。 【语法判断】该空格位于主系表结构的句子中，且位于

was no

< br>之后，因此此处应填入名词作整个

句子的表语。

【语义判断】根据上下文可知，此处句意为“手机生产巨头诺基亚公司也不例外”，故答案为< /p>

25

exception

“例外”。

37

、

O)

。【语法判断】空格所在句句子结构完整，且空格位 于句末，因此此处应填入副词作状语。【语

义判断】空格所在句意思为

< br>:2007

年，诺基亚公司的手机销量占

40%

以上。备选项中只有

worldwide

“在全世界”符合该语境，故为答案。

38

、

K)

。【语法判断】分析句子 结构可知，空格所填词为句子谓语的一部分，且处于

were

之后，介词

toward

之前，

故此处可填入一个现在分词构 成过去进行式，描述过去某一时间正在发生的动作或进

行的行为。【语义判断】本句意思 为

:

但此时消费者的偏好正在向触屏智能手机。备选项中只有< /p>

shifting

“移动，转移”符合题意，故为答案。

39

、

L)

。【语法判断】分析句子 结构可知，空格所填词充当句子的谓语，再根据全文时态可推断本句应为一

般过去时，< /p>

因此应填入动词的一般过去式。【语义判断】此处意思为：诺基 亚的市场份额迅速

，收人骤

降。备选 项中符合以上要求的只有

shrank

“收缩，缩小”，故为答 案。备选项中的

assumed

和

relayed

虽然满足语法要求，但其含义与此处句意不符，故排除。

26

40

、

A)

。【语法判断】该空格位于

which

引导的定语从句中

,

并且 为该定语从句的谓语

;

又因出现了

明确 的时间状语

in October 2010,

因此此处应填入 动词的一般过去式。【语义判断】此处意思为：他

于

2010

年

10

月起

诺基 亚公司首席执行官一职。备选项中符合以上要求的只有

assumed

< br>“开始

掌管，承担责任”，故为正确答案。备选项中的

r elayed

虽然符合该句的语法要求，但与上下文意思

不符 ，故应排除。

41

、

F)

。

【语法判断】该空格位于介词

< br> at

之后，故应填入名词，构成介宾短语。

【语义判 断】本句

薏意思为：但并不只是埃洛普

答案为

fault

“过错，责任”。

42

、

H)

。

【语法判断】空格所在句句子基本成分完整，又因为空格前为

Mos t,

故可填入副词作句子状

语。

【语义 判断】本句意思为

:

约玛?奥利拉，他曾领导诺基亚从一个 实业公司成长为科技巨

人，但他…。综合以上分析可知，答案为

notably

“格外地”。

43

、

I)

。【语法判断】该空格位于名词 所有格

the

company’s

之后，名词

success

之前< /p>

,

故此处可填

入形容词对名词

< p>
success

进行修饰。【语义判断】此处意思为：他过于迷恋公司

成就。备选项中

符合以上要求的只有

prev ious

“先前的”，

故为答案。

44

、

C)

。

【语法判断】该空格位于 不定冠词

a

之后，名词短语

cost-cuttingprogram < /p>

之前，故此处

应填入形容

词，修饰名词短 语的中心词

program

。

【语义判 断】本句意思为：公司还开始了一场

合句意的只有

desperate

“孤注一掷的”，故为正确 答案。

45

、

D)

。【语法判断】该空格位于定冠词

the

之后，介词

of

之前，故此处应填 入名词。【语义判

断】此处句意为

:

这

促成公司曾经生机勃勃的企业文化的

。

deterioration

“恶化”符合句意，故为答案。

Section B

Passage One

46

、【定位】由题干中的

doubts about their abilities

定位到

H)

段第一句。

【精析】

< p>
[H]

。细节推断题。定位句提到，很多学生身边没有成功地从大学毕业的 人，所以这些学

生上学以后质疑自己的能力，同时也质疑肖己上大学是不是值得。题干中 的

have doubts about

their abilities

对应定位句中的

questioning

themselves,

故答案为

H )

。

47

【 定位】由题干中的

heavier financial burdens

定位到

C)

段最后一句。

【精析】

[C]

。细节归纳题。定位句提到，这些学生通常比同龄人经济负担更重 ，更有可能上学期

间做兼职。题干中的

have much heavier financial burdens than their peers

对应定位句中的

carry financial burdens that outweigh those of their peers

，故答案为

C)

。

48

、【定位】由题干中的

graduation rate

和

Nijay

定位到

B)

段第二句。

【精析】

< p>
[B]

。细节推断题。

.

定位句提到，尼杰那时并没有意识到他所就读的学校田纳西州立大学的毕

业率低得骇人。 题干中的

incredibly low

对应定位句中的

frighteningly low,

故答案为

B)

。

49

、【定位】由题資中的

Yale

和

support

定位到

N)

段第二句。

【精析】

< p>
[N]

。同义转述题。由定位句可知，克里斯蒂安?巴斯克斯认为，耶鲁大 学给学生提供了很

多帮助，在一定程度上来说，给的帮助太多了。题干中的

provide first-generation students

with more support than they actually need

是对定位句中

there’s

too much support

的同义

27

。

at fault

为固定搭配，意 思为“有过错，应当负责”，故

降低成本运动。备选项中符

转述 ，故答案为

N)

。

50

、【定位】由题干中的

entering college, Nijay Williams

和

college education

定位至

A)

段首

句。

【精析】

[A]

。细节推断题。定位句提到，尼杰?威廉姆斯 去年秋天考上大学时，并没有准备好面对

严格的高等教育。由此可知，尼杰刚上大学时， 对大学教育会有多么大的挑战认识不充分。

.

题干是

< p>
对定位句的推断，故答案为

A)

。

51

、【定位】由题干中的

refuse to release, graduation rates

及

first-generation

定位到

I)

段第二句。

【精析】

[I ]

。细节归纳题。定位句提到，很多大型高校对于第一代大学生的毕业率数据保密，或< /p>

者至少让这些数据很难被找到。题干中的

refuse to release their exact graduation rates

对

应定位句中的

keep this kind of data secret,

故答案为

I)

。

52

、【定位】由题干中的

marketing executive

，

low- income

和

elite university

定位到

G)

段。

【精析】

[G]

。细节推断题。定位段提到，“内线”的营销主管戴夫?贾拉特认为，很多低收 人家庭的

孩子本可以拿全

额奖学金进人名牌大学，但他们根本没 有认识到这一点。

.

题干中的

coul d have a

chance of going to an elite university

又

28

才应定位段中的

could be going to elite universities,

故答案为

G)

。

53

、【定位】由题干中的

Some elite universities

和

confidence

定位到

O)

段 。

【精析】

[O]

< br>。细节归纳题。定位段提到，“我是第一代”

组织的帮 助系统更像是，“你一定会从耶

鲁大学毕业的，

你一定会做得很好”。该组织暗示导师、校职工和教授都为那些在这样一所一流大学

< br>对归属感没有信心的学生提供很多帮助。由此可知，耶鲁大学这样的名校很看重构建第一代大学生的

自信心。题干中的

elite universities

对应定位段中的

a top institution,

故答案为

O)

。

54

、【定位】由题干中的

I’m First, information 和

college-goers

定位到

D)

段第二句。

【精析】

[D]

。同义转述题。定位句提到，非营利性组织

，“我是第一代”的指导员马特?鲁比诺

夫希望把这个信息传出去，并帮助那些要上大 学的学生找到最合适的学校。题干中的

distributes

和

find schools that are most suitable for

them

分别对应定位句中的

distribute

和

Hnd the best postsecondary fit,

故答案为

D)

。

< p>

55

、【定位】由题干中的

Elite universities

和

a higher rate

定位到

M)

段第三句。

【精析】

[M ]

。同义转述题。定位 句提到，精英大学往往有强大的金融援助计划，而且第一代大学生的毕

业率也很高。题干 中的

at a higher rate

对应定位句中的

remarkably high graduation rates,

故答

案为

M)

。

Section

C

Passage

One

答

案

详解：

56

、【定位】由题干中的关键词

influential medical groups

定位到第一段。

【精析】

< p>
C)

。细节辨认题。定位段指出，医疗集团建议医生在决定如何进行病人的 治疗时，不仅要

考虑疗效

,

也要权衡费 用，故答案为

C)

。

57

、【定位】由题干中的关键词

concerned

和

in the past

定位到第二段后半部分。

【精析】

B)

。推理判断题。从定位 句及其所在段落可以看出，作者提到一个关键性的变化，这个

变化意味着医生们要开始重 新界定他们的角色

,

从只考虑病人个体转换为对医疗费用施加影 响。由此

可知，医生在过去只考虑对病人个体的治疗效果，故答案为

B)

。

58

、【定位】由题干中的

the new guidelines

和

lead to

定位到第三段首句。

【精析】

A)

。推理判断题。定位句指出，医生会基于价格考虑，决定药品的使 用和医疗方案，这与

上一段首句提到的

redefine their roles

呼应，医生从仅仅考虑对病人个体的疗效到在决定中掺

杂经济因素，其角色确实发生了转变，

故答 案为

A)

。

59

、【定位】由题干中的

patient care providers

和

financial overseers

定位到第五段和第六段

第二句。

【精析】

D)

。细节辨认题。第五段提到， 医生作为医疗服务提供者和经济监督者的双重身份会产生

矛盾，在随后的第六段第二句中 又明确指出，这样，医生极大可能失去病人的信任，故答案为

D)

。

60

、【定位】由题干中的

experts

和

medical cost analysis

定位到最后一段。

【精析】

C)

。推理判断题。最后一段首句指出，尽管医生兼 负经济监察的职责并不合适，但又不得

不为之，因为没有其他群体能够做到，而作者更进 一步引用医生丹尼尔?塞尔马西医生的话指出，

这说明整个社会没能成功处理这一问题， 故答案为

C)

。

29

Passage Two

答案详解：

61

、【定位】由题干中的

Obama

和

economic inequality

定位到文章第一段前两句。

【精析】

A)

。细节辨认题。定位句指出，奥巴马把不公平称为“我们这 个时代决定性的挑战”，并

指出不公平危险的原因是它破坏向上流动性，使得穷人更难以 摆脱贫困，故答案为

A)

。

62

、【定位】由题干中的

Scott Winship

定位到文章第三段最后一句。

【精析】

B)

。推理判断题。定位句指 出，不公平本身并不是经济流动性的强有力的预测指标，也就

是说，不公平不是经济流动 性的可靠预测指标

,

下文还由此开始论证与经济流动性较相关的 若干因

素，故答案为

B)

。

63

、【定位】根据题干中的地名

Atlanta

和

Salt Lake City

定位到文章第五段最后一句。

【精析 】

C)

。细节辨认题。定位句指出，像盐湖城这样双亲家庭比例 高和宗教虔诚度高的社区，比亚

特兰大那样种

30

族和经济隔离程度高的社区更 能为贫困孩子提供上升机会，可见盐湖城能为贫困孩子提供更多的攀

登社会阶梯的机会， 故答案为

C)

。

64

、【定位】由题干中的

strongly correlated

和

Raj Chetty

定位到文章第五段首句。

【精析】

A)

。细节辨认题。根据定位句可知，在查蒂提到 的若干影响社会流动性的因素中，家庭结

构是向上流动性的唯一的最强相关因素，故答案 为

A)

。

6 5

、【定位】本题考查作者的建议

,

分 析文章结构，定位到最后一段。

【精析】

D)

。推理判断题。从定位段中可看出，作者提到如何帮助穷苦孩子提高社会经济地 位时，

一直都是从社区层面进行分析的，文章也多次有类似的提示，故答案为

< p>
D)

。

PartⅣ

Translation

在中国，父母总是竭力帮助孩子，甚至为孩手做重要决定，而不管孩子想要什么，因为他 们相信

这样做是为孩

子好。结果，孩子的成长和教育往往屈从于父母的意愿。

< /p>

如果父母决定为孩子报名参加一个课外班，以增加其被重点学校录取的机会，他们会坚持自 己

的决定，即使孩子根本不感兴趣。

然而在美国，父母很可能会尊重孩子的意见，并在决策时更注重他们的意见。

中国父母十分重视教育或许值得称赞。然而，他们应向美国父母学习在涉及教育时如何平衡父

母与子女间的关系。

In

China,

parents

always

try

every

means

to

help

their

children,

and

even

make

important decisions for them. They never care what their children really want, because

they believe that it is good for them. As a result,

children’s

growth and education

tend to surrender to the wills of their parents.

If parents decide to sign up for their children to take an extra class to increase

their chances of being admitted to a key school, they will stick to their decisions,

even if their children are not interested in.

While in the United States, parents are likely to respect their children’s

opinions

，

and pay more attention to their opinions

in making decisions.

It may be worthy of praise for the Chinese parents to attach great importance to

education. When it comes to education, however, they should learn how to balance the

relationship between parents and their children from American parents.

难点注释：

1

、第一段第一句比较长，可将其分为两个句子翻译，以避免句子繁琐；其中，“竭力 …”可以翻译为

try every mea

ns

to do sth

，也可以翻译为

endeavor to do sth.

。

2

、第一段第二句的难点在于“屈从于”的翻译，英语中较为常见的翻译是

yield to

或

surrender

to

。另外，“往往”

可翻译为

tend to,

表示一种趋势，也可处理为

more often than not

。

3

、第二段只有一句话，句子结构比较复杂。可将“如果父母决定为孩子报名参加一个课外班”处理

为一个条件状语从句，将“以增加其被重点学校录取的机会”处理为一个不定式结构表示目的 ，将

31

“即使孩子根本不感兴趣”处理为一个让步状语从句。

4

、第三段也是只有一句话，首先是表达转折之意，接下来是两个并列 句的翻译。“尊重孩子的意

见”和“在决策时更注重他的的意见”是并列顺承关系，可用

and

连接。“更注重”可按照参考译

文那样译为

pay more attention to,

也可以译为

attach more importance to

。

5< /p>

、文章最后一句中的“他们应向美国父母学习”可处理为主句，“如何平衡父母与子女间的 关

系”可处理为“学习”的宾语，翻译为

how

引导的宾语从句。另外需要注意的是“涉及”的翻译，

when it comes to.

是最为常见的表达。

32

2015

年

12

月 大学英语六级考试真题

(

二

)

Part

Ⅰ

Writing

(30 minutes)

Directions

：

For this part

,

you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on

the picture below. You should focus on

the difficulty in acquiring useful information

in

spite

of

advanced

information

technology

.

You

are

required

to

write

at

least

150

words but no morethan

200

words.

We just don’t have

much useful

information.

”

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

1

上作答。

Part

Ⅱ

Listening

Comprehension

(30 minutes)

Section A

Directions

：

In

this

section

,

you

will

hear

8

short

conversations

and

2

long

conversations.

At

the

end

of

each

conversation,

one

or

more

questions

will

be

asked

about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once

.

After

each

question

there

will

be

a

pause.

During

the

pause

,

you

must

read

the

four

choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide

which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on

Answer Sheet 1

with a

single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

1

上作答。

B) A) She is impatient to learn computer programming.

B)

C)

D)

She is unaware her operation system is outdated.

She is unable to use the new computer

program.

She is amazed at the fast change of technology.

He prefers to stay home for the holiday.

He is going out of town for a couple of days.

t

C) A) He has long been fed up with traveling.

C)

CI)

CII)

He is annoyed by the heavy traffic downtown.

D)

A) The challenges facing East Asia.

D)

E)

F)

The location for their new office.

Their expansion into the overseas market.

The living expenses in Tokyo and Singapore.

E) A) A number of cell phones were found after the last show.

C)

The woman forgot where she had left

The woman was very

her cell phone. CI)

pleased to find her cell phone. CII)

Reserved tickets could be picked up at

the ticket counter.

F) A) The building materials will be delivered soon.

D)

E)

The project is being held up by bad weather.

The construction schedule may not be met.

F)

Qualified carpenters are not easy to

find.

She does not hold on to bitter feelings.

She resents the way she is treated.

She never intends to hurt anyone.

The woman has trouble getting a mortgage.

The woman is moving to a foreign country.

The man is trying to

sell the woman a house.

They are facing great challenges to get re-elected.

They are launching a campaign to attract women voters.

They are conducting a survey among the women in town.

C)

Remind him of

D)

C)

G)

A) She is getting very forgetful these days.

14.

15.

16.

H)

A) The man wants to rent a small apartment.

E)

F)

G)

I)

A) They are writing a story for the

Morning News.

C)

D)

E)

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

J)

A) Touch his heart.

E)

Make him cry.

K)

A) He is good at singing

operas.

his life. Make

him feel young.

He can sing any song if he likes it.

C)

He enjoys complicated

music.

D) He loves country musicin particular.

L) A) Go to a bar and drink for hours.

C)

D)

E)

Go to an isolated place to sing

blues.

Go to see a performance in a concert hall.

Go to work and wrap himself up in music.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12.

A) How he became an announcer.

C)

How he writes news stories.

C) How he makes his living.

D) How he does his job.

13.

A) They write the first version of

news stories.

C)

D)

E)

They gather news stories on the spot.

They polish incoming news stories.

They write comments on major news

stories.

Having little time to read the news before going on the air.

Having to change the tone of his voice from time to time.

Getting all the words and phrases pronounced

correctly.

It gives a signal for him to slow down.

It alerts him to something important.

21

14.

A) Reading through the news stories in a given period of time.

C)

D)

E)

15.

A) It shows where advertisements come in.

C)

D)

E)

It serves as a reminder of sad news.

Section B

Directions

：

In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage,

you will hear

some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be

spoken only

once

.

After you hear a question

,

you must choose the best answer from the four choices

marked A

),

B)

，

C

)

and D

).

Then mark the corresponding letter on

Answer Sheet 1

with a

single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

1

上作答。

Passage One

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22

16.

A) It gives pleasure to both adults and children.

C)

D)

E)

It is often carried around by small children.

It can be found in many parts of the world.

It was invented by an American Indian.

They were delicate geometric

figures.

They were small circus figures made of wire.

They were collected by a number of museums.

C) In engineering.

D) In circus performance.

In geometry.

17.

A) They were made for earning a living.

E)

F)

G)

18.

A) In art.

E)

Passage Two

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19.

A) They offer students a wide variety of

courses.

E)

F)

G)

They attract students from all over the

world.

The admit more students than they can handle.

They have trouble dealing with overseas

students.

A good education contributes to

the prosperity of a nation.

A good education is necessary for one to climb the social ladder.

Everyone has a right to an education appropriate to his

potential.

He enjoys teaching intelligent students.

He tailors his teaching to

students’

needs.

He treats all his students in a fair manner.

20.

A) Everyone will benefit from education sooner or later.

E)

F)

G)

21.

A) He likes students with high motivation.

E)

F)

G)

Passage Three

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22.

A) It is mostly imported from the Middle

East.

E)

F)

G)

It is a sure indicator of its economic activity.

It has a direct impact on the international oil market.

It equals more than 30 million barrels of oil each

day.

It is used in a variety of

forms.

Its use is chiefly responsible for air

pollution.

Part of it is lost in the process of transmission.

C) When it operates at near capacity.

D) When it operates at regular times.

C) Fuel shortage.

23

23.

A) It eventually turns into heat.

E)

F)

G)

24.

A) When it is used in rural areas.

E)

When it is environment- friendly.

25.

A) Traffic jams in cities.

26.

Inefficient use of energy.

D) Global warming.

Section C

Directions

：

In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is

read for the first time

，

you should listen carefully for its general idea

.

When the

passage is read for the second time

,

you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact

words you have just heard

.

Finally

,

when the passage is read for the third time

，

you

should check what you have written.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

1

上作答。

Graphics are used in textbooks as part of the language of the discipline, as in math

or economics, or as study aids. Authors

24

use graphic aids to

26

and expand on concepts taken up in the text because graphics

are yet another way of portraying relationships and 27 connections.

Graphics

are

used

extensively

in

natural

sciences

and

social

sciences.

Social

scientists work with statistics

28 data, and the best way to present these statistics

is

often

in

graphic

form.

Graphics

are

included

not

merely

as

a

means

of

making

the

information easier for the student to grasp, but as an integral part of the way social

scientists

think.

Many

textbooks,

29

those

in

economics,

contain

appendixes

that

provide specific information on reading and working with graphic material.

Make

it

a

practice

to

30

attentively

the

titles,

captions,

headings,

and

other

material

connected

with

graphics.

These

elements

31

and

usually

explain

what

you

are

looking at.

When

you are

examining

graphics,

the

32

questions

to

ask

are (a)

What

is

this items about? and (b) What key idea is the author 33 .

One warning: Unless you

integrate your

reading of graphics with the

text, you

may

make

a

wrong

assumption.

34

,

from

a

chart

indicating

that

33percent

of

firstborn

children in a research sample did not feel close to their fathers,you might assume that

some

dreadful

influence

was

at

work

on

the

firstborn

children.

However,

a

careful

reading

of

the

text

35

that

most

of

the

firstborn

children

in

the

sample

were

from

single-parent homes in which the father was absent.

Part

Ⅲ

Section A

Reading Comprehension

(40 minutes)

Directions

：

In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to

select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the

passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each

choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for

each item on

Answer Sheet 2

with a single line through the centre. You may not use any

of the words in the bank morethan once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

According to a report from the Harvard School of Public Health, many everyday

products, including some bug sprays and cleaningfluids, could lead to an increased risk

of brain and behavioral disorders in children. The developingbrain, t he report says, is

particularly 36 to the toxic effects of certain chemicals these products may contain, and

the damage they cause can be 37 .

The official policy, however, is still evolving. Health and environmental 38 have

long urged US government agencies to 39 the use of some of the 11 chemicals the report

cites and called for more studies on their long-term effects. In 2001, for example, the

25

Environmental Protection Agency 40 the type and amount of lead that could be present in

paint

and

soil

in

homes

and

child- care

41

,

after

concerns

were

raised

about

lead

poisoning.

The

agency

is

now

42

the

toxic

effects

of

some

of

the

chemicals

in

the

latest report.

But the threshold for regulation is high. Because children’s brain

and behavioral

disorders,

like

hyperactivity

and

lower

grades,

can

also

be

linked

to

social

and

genetic factors? It’s tough to pin them on exposure to specific chemicals with solid

43

evidence,

which

is

what

the

EPA

requires.

Even

the

Harvard

study

did

not

prove

a

direct 44 but noted strong associations between exposure and risk of behavioral issues.

Nonetheless,

it’s

smart

to

45

caution.

While

it

may

be

impossible

to

prevent

kids

from drinking tap water that may

contain trace amounts of chemicals, keeping kids away from lawns recently sprayed with

chemicals and freshly dry -

cleaned clothes can’t hurt.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

2

上作答。

A) advocates

B) compact

C) correlation

D) exercise

E) facilities

F) interaction

G) investigating

H) overwhelmed

I) particles

J) permanent

K)

restricted

L)

simulating

M)

statistical

N) tighten

O)

vulnerable

Section B

Directions

：

In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attach

ed to it. Each statement contains

26

information

given

in

one

of

the

paragraphs.

Identify

the

paragraph

from

which

the

information

is

derived?

You may

choose

a paragraph

more

than

onc

e.

Each paragraph

is

marked

with

a

letter.

Answer

the

questions

by

marking

the

corresponding

letter

on

Answer Sheet 2.

The Impossibility of Rapid Energy Transitions

E)

Politicians

are

fond

of

promising

rapid

energy

transitions.

Whether

it

is

a

transition from imported to domestic oil or from coal-powered electricity production to

natural-gas

power

plants,

politicians

love

to

talk

big.

Unfortunately

for

them

(and

often the taxpayers), our energy systems are a bit like an aircraft carrier: they are

unbelievably expensive, they are built to last for a very long time, they have a huge

amount of inertia (meaning it takes a lot of energy to set them moving), and they have

a lot

of

momentum

once

they

are

set

in

motion.

No

matter

how

hard

you

try,

you

can’t

turn

something that large on a

dime

(10

美分硬币）

,or even a few thousand dimes.

F)

In

physics,

moving

objects

have

two

characteristics

relevant

to

understanding

the

dynamics of energy systems

：

inertia and momentum. Inertia is the resistance of objects

to efforts to change their state of motion. Ifyou try to push a

boulder

(

大圆石）

,it

pushes you back. Once you have started the boulder rolling, it develops momentum, which

is

defined

by

its

mass

and

velocity.

Momentum

is

said

to

be

“conserved,”

that

is,

once you build it up, it has to go somewhere. So a heavy object, like a football player

moving at a high speed, has a lot of momentum

—

that is, once he is moving, it is hard

to change his state of motion.

Ifyou

want to change his course, you have only a few choices: you can stop him, transferring

(possibly

painfully)

some

of

his

kinetic

energy

(

动

能

)

to

your

own

body,

or

you

can

approach alongside and slowly apply pressure to gradually alter his course.

G)

But there are other

kinds of

momentum

as well.

After all,

we

don’t

speak

only

of

objects

or

people

as

having

momentum;

we

speak

of

entire

systems

having

momentum.

Whether

it’s

a sports team or

a presidential campaign, everybody

relishes

having the

big momentum, because it makes them harder to stop or change

direction.

H)

One kind

of

momentum

is technological

momentum. When a technology is deployed,

its

impacts reach far beyond itself. Consider

the

incandescent

(

白炽灯的）

bulb,

an

object

currently

hated

by

many

environmentalists

and

energy

-efficiency

advocates.

The

incandescent

light

bulb,

invented

by

Thomas

Edison,

which

came

to

be

the

symbol

of

inspiration,

has

been

developed

into

hundreds,

if

not

thousands,

of

forms.

Today,

a

visit

to

a

lighting

store

reveals

a

stunning

array

of

choices.

There

are

standard-

shaped bulbs, flame-shaped bulbs, colored globe-shaped bulbs, and more. It is quite easy,

27

with all that choice, to change a light bulb.

I)

But

the

momentum

of

incandescent

lighting

does

not

stop

there.

All

of

those

specialized bulbs led to the building of specialized light fixtures, from the desk lamp

you study by, to the ugly but beloved hand-painted Chinese lamp you inherited from your

grandmother,

to

the

ceiling

fixture

in

your

closet,

to

the

light

in

your

oven

or

refrigerator, and to the light that the dentist points at you. It is easy to change a

light bulb, sure, but it is harder to change the bulb and its fixture.

J)

And

there

is

more

to

the

story,

because

not

only

are

the

devices

that

house

incandescent

bulbs

shaped

to

their

underlying

characteristics,

but

rooms

and

entire

buildings have been designed in accordance with how incandescent lighting reflects off

walls and windows.

K)

As lighting expert Howard Brandston points out

, “

Generally, there are no bad light

sources,

only

bad

applications.”

There

are

some

very

commendable

characteristics

of

the CFL [compact

< br>fluorescent

(

焚光的）

light bulb], yet the selection of any light source

remains inseparable from the

luminaire

(

照明装置）

< p>
that houses it, along with the space in

which both are installed, and lighting requirements that need to be satisfied. The lamp,

the fixture, and the room, all three must work in concert for the true benefits of end-

users. If the CFL should be used for lighting a particular space, or an object

within

that space, the fixt ure must be designed to work withthat lamp, and that fixture with

the room. It is a

symbiotic

(

共生的）

relationship. A CFL cannot be simply installed in an

incandescent fixture and then expected to produce a visual appearance that is more than

washed

out,

foggy,

and

dim.

The

whole

fixture

must

be

replaced

—

light

source

and

luminaire

—

and this is never an inexpensive proposition.

L)

And

Brandston

knows

a

thing

or

two

about

lighting,

being

the

man who

illuminated

the

Statue of Liberty.

M)

Another

type

of

momentum

we

have

to

think

about

when

planning

for

changes

in

our

energy systems is labor-pool momentum. It is one thing to say that we are going to shift

30percent of our electricity supply from, say, coal to nuclear p ower in

28

20 years. But it is another thing to have a supply of trained talent that could let you

carry out this promise. That is because the engineers, designers, regulators, operators,

and all of the other skilled people needed for the new energy industry are specialists

who have to be trained first (or retrained, if they are the ones being laid off in some

related industry), and education, like any other complicated endeavor, takes time. And

not

only

do

our

prospective

new

energy

workers

have

to

be

trained,

they

have

to

be

trained

in

the

right

sequence.

One

needs

the

designers,

and

perhaps

the

regulators,

before

the

builders

and

operators,

and

each

group

of

workers in

training has

to

know

there is work waiting beyond graduation. In some cases, colleges and universities mi ght

have to change their training programs, adding another layer of difficulty.

N)

By far the biggest type of momentum that comes into play when it comes to

changing

our

energy

systems

is

economic

momentum.

The

major

components

of

our

energy

systems,

such

as

fuel

production,

refining,

electrical

generation

and

distribution,

are

costly

installations

that

have

lengthy

life

spans.

They

have

to

operate

for

long

periods

of

time before the costs of development have been recovered. When investors put up money to

build, say, a nuclear power plant, they expect to earn that money back over the planned

life of the plant, which is typically between 40 and 60 years. Some coal power plants in

the

United

States

have

operated

for

more

than

70

years!

The

oldest

continuously

operated commercial hydro-electric plant in the United States is

on New York’s Hudson

River, and it went into commercial service in 1898.

O)

As Vaclav Smil points out,

“All

the forecasts, plans, and anticipations cited above

have

failed

so

miserably

because

their

authors

and

promoters

thought

the

transitions

they

hoped to implement

would proceed unlike all previous energy

transitions, and that

their progress could be accelerated in an unprecedented

manner.”

P)

When you hear people speaking of making a rapid transition toward any type of energy,

whether

it

is

a

switch

from

coal to

nuclear power,

or

a

switch

from

gasoline-powered

cars

to

electric

cars,

or

even

a switch

from

an incandescent to

a fluorescent

light,

understanding

energy

system

inertia

and

momentum

can

help

you

decide

whether

their

plans are feasible.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

2

上作答。

P)

Not only moving objects and people but all systems have

momentum.

Q)

Changing the current energy system requires the systematic training of p rofessionals

and skilled labor.

R)

Changing a light bulb is easier than changing the fixture housing it.

S)

Efforts to accelerate the current energy

transitions didn’t

succeed as

expected,

29

T)

To change the light source is costly because you have to change the whole fixture.

U)

Energy systems, like an aircraft carrier set in motion, have huge momentum.

V)

The

problem

with

lighting,

if

it

arises,

often

doesn’t

lie

in

light

sources

but

in

their applications.

W)

The

biggest

obstacle

to

energy

transition

is

that

the

present

energy

system

is

too

expensive to

replace.

X)

The application of a technology can impact areas beyond itself.

Y)

Physical characteristics of moving objects help explain the dynamics of energy

systems.

Section C

Directions

：

Thereare 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by

somequestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked

A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding

letter on

Answer Sheet 2

with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

One hundred years ago,

“Colored”

was the typical way of referring to Americans of

African

descent.

Twenty

years

later,

it

was

purposefully

dropped

to

make

way

for

“Negro.”

By the late 1960s, that term was overtaken by

“Black.” And then,

at a press

conference in Chicago in 1988, Jesse

Jackson declared that “African American”

was the

term

to

embrace.

This

one

was

chosen

because

it

echoed

the

labels

of

groups,

such

as

“Italian

Americans”

and

“Irish

Americans

,”

that

had

already

been

freed

of

widespread discrimination.

A

century’s

worth

of

calculated

name

changes

point

to

the

fact

that

naming

any

group is a politically freighted exercise. A 2001 study cataloged all the ways in which

the term

“Black”

carried

connotations

(

涵义）

that were more negative than those of

30

“African American.”

But

if

it

was

known

that

“Black”

people

were

viewed

differently

from

“African

Americans,” researchers, until now, hadn’t identified what that

gap in perception was

derived

from.

A

recent

study,

conducted

by

Emory

University’s

Erika

Hall,

found

that

“Black”

people

are

viewed

more

negatively

than

“African

Americans”

because

of

a

perceived difference in socioeconomic

status. As a result, “Black”

people are thought

of as less competent and as having colder personalities.

The

study’s

most striking findings shed light on the racial biases permeating the

professional

world.

Even

seemingly

harmless

details

on

a

resume,

it

appears,

can

tap

into

recruiters’ biases. A job application

might mention affiliations with groups such

as

the

“Wisconsin

Association

of

African

-

American

Lawyers”

or

the

“National

Black

Employees Association,”

the names of which apparently have consequences, and are also

beyond their members’ control.

In

one

of

the

study’s

experiments,

subjects

were

given

a

brief

description

of

a

man

from

Chicago

with

the

last

name

Williams.

To

one

group,

he

was

identified

as

“Af rican

-

American,”

and another was told he was

“Black.”

With little else to go on,

they

were

asked

to

estimate

Mr.

Williams’s

salary,

professional

standing,

and

educational background.

The “African

-

American” group estimated that he earned about $$ 37 000 a year and

had a two-

year college degree. The “Black” group, on the other hand, put his salary

at

about

$$

29

000,

and

guessed

that

h

e

had

only

“some”

college

experience.

Nearly

three-quarters

of

the

first

group

guessed

that

Mr.

Williams

worked

at

a

managerial

level, while only 38.5 percent of the second group thought so.

Hall’s

findings

suggest

there’s

an

argument

to

be

made

for

electing

to

use

“African

American,”

though

one

can’t

help

but

get

the

sense

that

it’s

a

decision

that papers over the urgency of continued progress. Perhaps a new phrase is needed, one

that

can

bring

everyone

one

big

step

closer

to

realizing

Du

Bois’s

original,

idealistic hope:

“It’s

not the name

—it’s

the Thing that

counts.’’

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

2

上作答。

Z)

66.

67.

Why did Jesse Jackson embrace the

term “African American”

for people of African

descent?

It is free from racial biases.

Americans.

It represents social progress.

31

C) It is in the interest of common

D) It follows the standard

naming practice. AA) What does the author say about the naming of an ethnic

group?

E)

F)

It advances with the times.

It is based on racial roots.

C) It merits intensive study.

D) It is

politically sensitive. BB) What do Erika

Hall’s

findings

indicate?

D)

E)

F)

G)

-

Racial biases are widespread in the professional world.

Many applicants

don’t

attend to details on their resumes.

Job seekers should all be careful about their affiliations.

Most recruiters are unable to control their

racial biases.

African Americans fare better than many other ethnic groups.

Black

people’s

socioeconomic status in America remains low.

People’s conception of a

person has much to do with the

way he or she is labeled.

On

e’s professional standing and

income are related to

CC) What does Erika Hall find in her experiment about a man with the last name Williams?

C)

D)

E)

F)

their educational background. DD) What is

Dr. Du Bois’s

ideal?

E)

F)

G)

H)

All Americans enjoy equal rights.

A person is judged by their

worth.

A new term is created to address African Americans.

All ethnic groups share the

nation’s continued

progress.

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

32

Across the board, American colleges and universities are not doing a very good job

of preparing their students for the workplace or their post-graduation lives. This was

made clear by the work of two sociologists, Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa. In 2011 they

released

a

landmark

study

titled

Academically

Adrift

,”

which

documented

the

lack

of

intellectual growth experienced by many people enrolled in college. In particular, Arum

and

Roksa

found,

college

students

were

not developing

the

critical thinking,

analytic

reasoning

and

other

higher- level

skills

that

are

necessary

to

thrive

in

today

’s

knowledge-based

economy

and

to

lead

our

nation

in

a

time

of

complex

challenges

and

dynamic change.

Arum and Roksa placed the

blame for

students’

lack of learning on a watered-down

college curriculum and lowered undergraduate work

standards. Although

going to college

is

supposed to

be a full-time job,

students

spent,

on average,

only

12 to

14

hours

a

week studying and many were skating through their semesters without doing a significant

amount

of

reading

and

writing.

Students

who

take

more

challenging

classes

and

spend

more

time

studying

do

learn

more.

But

the

priorities

of

many

undergraduates

are

with

extracurricular activities, playing sports, and partyingand socializing.

Laura Hamilton, the author of a study on parents who pay for college, will argue in

a

forthcoming

book

that

college

administrations

are

overly

concerned

with

the

social

and athletic activities of their students. In

Paying for the Party,

Hamilton describes

what she calls the “party pathway,” which eases many students through college, helped

along

by

various

clubs

that

send

students

into

the

party

scene

and

a

host

of

easier

majors.

By

sanctioning

this

watered-down

version

of

college,

universities

are

“catering

to

the

social

and

educational

needs

of

wealthy

students

at

the

expense

of

others”

who

won’t

enjoy

the

financial

backing

or

social

connections

of

rich

er

students once they graduate.

These students need to build skills and knowledge during college if they are to use

their degrees as a stepping-stone to middle-class mobility. But more privileged students

must not waste this opportunity either. As recent graduates can testify, the job market

isn’t kind

to

candidates who can’t demonstrate

genuine competence, along with a well-

cultivated willingness to work hard. Nor is the global economy forgiving of an American

workforce with increasingly weak literacy, math and science abilities. College graduates

will still fare better than those with only a high school

education, of course. But a

university degree unaccompanied by a gain in knowledge or skills is an empty achievement

indeed.

For

students

who

have

been

coasting

through

college,

and

for

American

33

universities that have been demanding less work, offering more attractions

and charging

higher tuition,

the party may soon be over.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

2

上作答。

EE) What is Arum and Roksa’s finding about higher education in America?

E)

F)

G)

H)

It aims at stimulating the intellectual curiosity of college students.

It fails to prepare students to face the challenges of modern times.

It has experienced dramatic changes in recent years.

It has tried hard to satisfy

students’

various needs.

A)

The diluted college

curriculum.

B)

The boring classroom activities.

FF) What is responsible for the students’ lack of higher

-level skills?

C) The absence of rigorous discipline.

D) The outdated

educational approach. GG) What does Laura Hamilton say about college

administrations?

E)

F)

G)

H)

They fail to give adequate help to the needy students.

They tend to offer too many less challenging courses.

They seem to be out of touch with

society.

They prioritize non-academic activities.

They tend to have a sense of superiority over

their peers.

They can afford to choose easier majors in order to enjoy themselves.

They spend a lot of time building strong connections with businesses.

They can climb the social ladder even without a degree.

HH) What can be learned about the socially and financially privileged students?

E)

F)

G)

H)

34

II)

What does the author suggest in the last paragraph?

E)

F)

G)

H)

American higher education has lost its global competitiveness.

People should not expect too much from American higher education.

The current situation in American higher education may not last long.

It will take a long time to change the current trend in higher education.

Part

Ⅳ

Translation

(30 minutes)

Directions

：

For this part

,

you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from

Chinese into English. You should write your answer on

Answer Sheet 2.

最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级。中国现在涉足建造高速列车、远 洋船舶、机器人，甚至飞

机。不久前，中国获得了在印度尼西亚

(Indonesia)

建造一条高铁的合同；中国还与马来西亚

(Malaysia)

签署了为其提供高速列车的合同。这证明人们信赖中国造产品。

中国造产品越来越受欢迎。中国为此付出了代价，但这确实 有助于消除贫困，同时还为世界各地

的人们提供了就业机会。这是一件好事，值得称赞。 下次你去商店时，可能想看一看你所购商品的

出产国名。很有可能这件商品是中国造的。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

2

上作答。

35

2015

年

12

月大学英语六级考试真题

(

二

)

答案与详解

36