collapsesUnit1语言点预习

2021年1月28日发(作者：inaccurate)

Unit 1, Book I

Language Study

#Para 1

The idea of becoming a writer had come to me on and off since my childhood in Belleville, but it

wasn’t until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold.

on and off

(or

off and on

): from time to time, now and again, irregularly

断断续续地，有时

e.g. It has been

raining

on and off for a week.

That’s

why the clothes feel damp.

他不时地

打 瞌睡

，但并没有深睡。

______ __________________________________________________ ___

possibility

: n. state of possible; (degree of) likelihood (usu. Followed by

that-clause

or

of

)

可能性

e.g. the possibility of

terrorist attack

They haven’t arrived. There is a possibility that they have taken the wrong road.

take hold

: become

established

生根，确立

e.g.

积习难除，所以你得在养成习惯之前就戒烟。

_________________________________________ ________________________

The idea of one child only has taken hold in many Chinese families.

“一家只要一个好”已经成为了许多中国家庭持有的观念。

CF

:

take hold of

握住、抓住

e.g. I took hold of her hand and gently led her away.

Paraphrase

?

the idea of becoming a writer had come to me

?

< p>
____________________________________

since my childhood in Belleville

?

________________________________________

it was not until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold

?

________________________

_________________________________________ _________________________________________

?

__________________________ __________________________________________________ ____

__________________________________ ____________________________

Translation

?

__________________________________________ _______________________________________

_________________________________________________ ________________________________

。

Until then I’d been bored by everything associated with English course.

bore: vt. make (sb.) feel tired and lose interest

使（人）厌烦

/ n.

讨厌的人或事

e.g. The speaker went on and on, and the

audience grew

bored by his speech.

I don't know why he quit - I guess he was just bored with his job.

bored

stiff/

to tears/to death/out of your mind (=

extremely

bored)

极其厌烦

The job was dull and boring.

a

crashing

bore

讨厌之极的人

/

事

a

frightful

bore

讨厌得要命的

家伙

an

insufferable

bore

讨厌得令人无法忍受的人

an

utter

bore

极惹人厌烦的事

What can we infer from this sentence?

Up to then I had lost interest in things related to English courses.

associate

(with)

:

vt.

to

make

a

connection

in

your

mind

between

one

thing

or

person

and

another

(

associate sb. / sth. with sth.

)

使联系起来，使联想

1

Unit 1, Book I

e.g. People associate the old days with good times, and seem to forget the hardship they

endured

.

人们想起过去的日子，就联想到美好的时光，似乎忘记了他们所遭受的苦难。

?

我们很自然把达尔文的名字和进化论联系在一起。

We naturally associate the name of Darwin with the

doctrine of evolution

.

vi.

结交，交往

（贬）

e.g. I don't associate with any cold

fishes.

我不与冷酷无情的人打交道。

He associates with all sorts of people.

Never associate with bad companions.

n.

伙伴，同事，合伙人

e.g. business associates /

White House associates

CF: associate, companion, comrade, colleague, fellow, partner

这些名词均有“同事，伙伴”之意。

associate

普通用词，侧重指在利害关系上密切相关。

companion

指陪伴他人的人 ，即同伴或陪伴。

comrade

指 具有共同的事业、利益关系相一致的人。

colleague

一般用于对同事的正式称呼，基本上专用在职业关系上。

fellow

多用复数形式，指一块住、生活或同行共事的人。

partner

指事业中处于合伙关系的 人，或指婚姻、游戏、跳舞中的另一方。

a.

副的，半正式的，准的

e.g.

associate editor

/

associate member

associate professor

(between professor and assistant professor)

association n.

交际，交往；联系，关联；伙伴、合作关系；协会，联盟

Passage Reading: The Choice of Companion

选择朋友

A

good

companion

is

better

than

a

fortune,

for

a

fortune

cannot

purchase

those

elements

of

character which make companionship a blessing.

The best companion is one who is wiser and better

than

ourselves,

for

we

are

inspired

by

his

wisdom

and

virtue

to

nobler

deeds.

Greater

wisdom

and

goodness than we possess lifts us higher

mentally and morally.

好朋友比财富更宝贵，因为财富无法买到使友谊成为美妙之事的特质。最好的朋友是比我们更 好、更

有智慧的人，因为我们会受到他的智慧和高贵行为品质的激励。更多的智慧与仁爱 ，会使我们在精神和道

德上得到提升。

“

A man is known by the companion he keeps.

” It is a

lways true. Companionship of a high order is

powerful to develop character. Character makes character in the

associations

of life faster than anything

else.

Purity begets purity, like begets like

; and this fact makes the choice of companion in early life more

important even than that of teachers and

guardians.

“看一个人的朋友就知道他是什么样的人。

”这句话是真理。高层次 的友谊有着培养性情的伟大力量。

在生活的交往中，性情对性情的影响比任何事情都迅速 。

纯真创造纯真，喜爱衍生喜爱；这个事实使早年

< p>
对朋友的选择甚至比选择老师和监护人更重要。

It is true that we cannot always choose all of our companions, some are thrust upon us by business

or

the

social

relations

of

life,

we

do

not

choose

them,

we

do

not

enjoy

them;

and

yet,

we

have

to

associate

with them more or less. The experience is not altogether without compensation, if there be

principle

enough in us to bear the

strain.

Still, in the main, choice of companions can be made, and must

be made. It is not best or necessary for a young person to

associate

with “Tom, Dick, and Harry” without

forethought

or purpose. Some fixed rules about the company he or she keeps must be observed. The

subject should be

uttermost i

n the thoughts, and

canvassed

often.

事实上，我们不是总能自主选择所 有的培养。有些是生意方面或者社会关系强加给我们的，我们没有

2

Unit 1, Book I

选择他们，我们也不喜欢；但是我们不得不或多或少地与他们保持联系。如果我们心中自有准则，能承受

一些压力，这样的经历也不是一点好处没有。总体来看，朋友依然是可以选择，也必须选择。对于 年轻人，

漫无目的与“汤姆、迪克、哈里”之类的朋友联系不是最好也不是必须的。年轻 人交朋友必须遵循一些固

定的原则，应该在思想上极度地重视，并且经常审视。

Companionship is education, good or not; it develops manhood or womanhood, high or low; it lifts

soul

upward

or

drags

it

downward;

it

ministers

to

virtue

or

vice.

There

is

no

half

way

work

about

its

influence. If it

ennobles,

it does

grandly

, if it

demoralizes

, it doest it

devilishly.

It saves or

destroys lustily.

Nothing

in

the

world

is

surer

than

this.

Sow

virtue

,

and

the

harvest

will

be

virtue;

sow

vice,

and

the

harvest will be vice. Good companionships help us to sow virtue; evil companionships helps us to sow

vice.

友谊无论好坏都是教育；它或多或 少地会使一个人成长；它提升灵魂或者使之堕落；它提高道德或者

使之沦丧。在它的影响 中没有中间道路。如果它使人高贵，它就会尽可能地提升你的高贵；如果它使人道

德沦丧 ，

它就会恶魔般地加速你的坠落。

它彻底地挽救或者毁灭我们。

世上没有什么和友谊一样因果分明。

播种美德，收获美德；播种 罪恶，收获罪恶。良好的友谊帮助我们播种美德；邪恶的友谊使我们播种邪恶。

I found English Grammar dull and difficult.

句型总结：

find + sth. / sb. / it (

宾

) +

…

(

宾补

)

e.g.

1) Lucy find Bob very honest.

2) You will find her a beautiful girl.

3) Mary hurried there, only to find them all out.

4) I hope to find you in better spirits when we meet again.

5) They find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful.

6) We found him waiting to receive us.

7) The old man found his hometown much changed.

8) He finds it difficult to win the match.

I hate the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read

and for

me to write.

agony

: n. very great pain or suffering of mind or body

（身心的）极度痛苦

e.g. He groaned in agony.

He was in an agony of remorse / death / pain.

他处于极端悔恨

/

垂死挣扎

/

极度痛苦之中。

Paraphrase

?

___________________________________________ ______________________________________

Translation

?

__________________________________________ ________________________

。

turn out

:

①

force sb. to leave

驱逐，

（使）离开

②

prove

结果是

③

shut off

关掉

④

produce; make

制造，生产

1.

We are to turn out 100,000 computers next year to meet the market requirements.

2.

It was a difficult time, but eventually things turned out all right.

3.

The school has turned out some great scholars.

3

Unit 1, Book I

4.

Don't forget to turn out the lights when you go!

5.

If you can't pay the rent, they turn you out.

6.

Don

’

t grief over your lost love any more. Sometimes things are like what the Chinese fable story

said

“

A loss may turn out to be a gain.

”

turn sth. out

: produce; make

制造，生产

e.g. We are to turn out 100,000 computers next year to meet the market

requirements.

我们计划 明年生产

十万台计算机以满足市场需要。

The school has turned out some great scholars.

turn

out

:

to

happen in a particular

way,

or

to

have

a

particular

result,

especially

one

that

you did

not

expect (usu.

turn out well / badly / fine etc; turn out to be something

)

结果是

e.g. It was a difficult time, but eventually things turned out all right.

Don’t grief over your lost love any more. Sometimes things are like what the Chinese

fable

story said

“A loss may turn out to be a gain.”

别再为逝去的爱悲伤了，有时候事情就像那个中国寓言故事中说的“塞

翁失马，焉知非福”

。

As it turned out

(=used to say what happened in the end), he passed the exam quite easily.

#Para 2

When our class was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English I anticipated another cheerless

year in that most tedious of subjects.

What can we learn from “another cheerless year”?

?

We

can

know

from

this

phrase

that

before

Mr.

Fleagle

became

Baker’s

English

teacher,

all

English

courses were dull.

Paraphrase

?

When it was decided that Mr. Fleagle would teach us English during my third year in high school, I expect

the English course to be as boring as before.

WORD FOCUS: boring

Similar words:

not very interesting

,

dull

,

dreary

,

drab

Very boring:

tedious

,

mind- numbing

,

soul-destroying

anticipate

: vt.

①

to expect that something will happen and be ready for it

预期、预料

e.g. A good speaker is able to anticipate an audience's needs and concerns.

一个好的演讲者能够预料观

众的需求和关注。

Obama

said

that

he

was

not

going

to

anticipate

problems

but

to

seek

partnership

since

the

immediate priority (

当务之急

)

is to make economy work.

It is anticipated

that

the research will have many different practica

l applications.

这项研究可望有多

种不同的应用。

(

anticipate that)

We appreciate what you have done for us and anticipate

that

our

mutually

beneficial relationship

will continue to grow.

I think we’ve fixed everything, and I don’t anticipate findi

ng

any more problems. (

anticipate doing

sth.

)

②

to think about something that is going to happen, especially something pleasant

希望，期待

4

Unit 1, Book I

e.g. Daniel was eagerly anticipating her arrival.

We anticipate a prompt reply from you.

殷切地盼望早日来电。

reputation

: n. (an)

opinion

(about sb. or sth.) held by others

名声，名誉

e.g. a man of good reputation

名誉很好的人

build up a reputation

博得名声

have a reputation for sth. (=have the reputation of)

因

...

而著名

,

以

...

闻名

live up to one's reputation

不负盛名

;

名副其实

lose [ruin] one's reputation

名誉扫地

make an evil reputation for oneself

弄得声名狼藉

inspire

: vt.

①

to encourage someone by making them feel confident and eager to do something

鼓舞、感动

e.g. The country needs a leader who can inspire its citizens.

Martin

Luther

King,

Jr.’s

speeches

___________________________

equal

treatment

of

African

Americans. (

鼓舞人们为美国黑人的平等待遇而战

)

(

inspire sb. to do sth.

)

I

hope

this

success

will

________________________.

我希 望这次的成功会让你更加努力的。

(

inspire sb. to sth.

)

②

to give someone the idea for something, especially a story, painting, poem etc

激发、赋予灵感

e.g. The movie was inspired by real events.

Know more:

inspiring

adj.

令人欢欣鼓舞的

inspiration

n.

灵感；鼓舞或激励人的人或事

e.g. have a sudden inspiration

灵机一动

Poets and artists often draw their inspiration from nature.

诗人与艺术家往往由自然得到灵感。

中国首次载人太空飞行的成功对于全国人民来说是一件鼓舞人心的事情。

_____________________________________________ _______________________________

Sentence Reading

Chinese

President

Hu

Jintao

is

flying

to

Sichuan

Province

Friday

morning

to

inspire

more

than

135,000 troops and medics (

医生

) there to launch their last all-out effort (

尽最后的努力

) to search and

rescue

those

still

trapped

alive

under

the

debris

(

废墟

),

90

hours

after

the

deadly

7.8-magnitude

earthquake hit southwestern China.

For

the

markets,

rate

cuts

are

like

a

drug.

They

can

inspire

euphoria,

but

can

also

induce

dependency. Markets, like addicts, need bigger and bigger doses to get the same effect.

People have been come conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform.

The

television

repairman

who

wears

a

uniform

tends

to

inspire

more

trust

than

one

who

appears

in

civilian clothes.

rigid

: (often disapproving) fixed in behavior; based on correct or accepted rules

一成不变的；严格的

e.g. rigid ideas

固执的看法

Andrew was even more rigid in his attitudes towards child-rearing than his father, who was himself

quite strict.

The rigid class distinctions which characterized British society are beginning to break down.

5

Unit 1, Book I

out of date

: old- fashioned

过时的

ant.

up to date

现代的；最新的

To

me

he

looked

to

be

sixty

or

seventy

and

excessively

prim.

He

wore

primly

severe

eyeglasses, ... , that he seemed a comic antique.

Translation

?

我看他有六七十岁了，古板之极。他戴着古板的毫无装饰的眼镜，微微卷曲的头发剪得笔齐，梳 得纹丝不

乱。他身穿古板的套装，白衬衣领扣外的领带打得一丝不苟。他长着古板的尖下 巴，古板的直鼻梁，说起

话来一本正经，字斟句酌，活脱脱一个滑稽的老古董。

severe

: adj.

①

The US faces severe economic problems.

②

Drug smugglers can expect severe penalties.

③

The negotiations will be a severe test of his abilities.

④

The weather station issued a warning for severe thunderstorms.

⑤

The old lady was living in a rather severe red-brick building.

①

completely plain

朴素的

e.g. The old lady was living in a rather severe red-brick building.

这位老太太住在一幢很普通的砌着红色砖墙的房子里。

②

stern, strict

严厉的；

苛刻的；严格的

e.g. Only those who have undergone severe training can be accepted into the air force.

③

causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, etc.

严重的，剧烈的

e.g. severe pain

剧痛

The US faces severe economic problems.

美国面临着严重的经济问题。

The weather station issued a warning for severe thunderstorms.

气象站发布了一次强雷暴警告。

Sentence Reading

Severe snowstorms over broad swaths of eastern and central China have wreaked havoc on traffic

throughout the country, creating gigantic passenger backups, spawning accidents and leaving at least 24

people dead, according to state news re ports.

据官方消息，肆虐中国东部和西部地区的暴风雪已经扰乱了

整个国家的交通，造成大批旅客滞留和事故的发生，已经造成至少

24

人死亡。

Besides the green trading system, China has introduced three other green policies

-- in securities,

insurance and credit -- in a bid to solve severe environmental problems through economic measures.

除

绿色贸易系统外，中 国还引进了其它三条绿色政策——证券、保险和信贷——以通过经济手段解决严峻的

环境 问题

China played tough hand in cracking down on drug cheats with more frequent no-notice tests and

severe punishments ahead of the Beijing Olympic Games in a bid to ensure a clean team.

CF

:

severe

,

stern

,

strict

Severe

作“严厉”解时，可以用来形容人（

severe father

严厉的父亲）

，人的面貌（< /p>

severe look

严厉的眼

神）< /p>

，人的态度（

The teacher is severe with his students.

教师对学生很严厉。

）

Stern

与

severe

相近，但用途比较窄，一般用于人的容貌或态度。例如

a

stern

father

和

a

severe

father

都可以用 ，但含义稍有不同。

a severe father

指对子女有严厉的要求，积极的意义较多；

a stern father

指

对子女不含温情，要他们服从，消 极的意味较多。

Strict

相当于 汉语的

“严格的”

，

必须假定有一种客 观的标准（如规章、

纪律、

定义、

真理 等）

。如：

There is

6

Unit 1, Book I

a strict regulation against smoking in the auditorium.

=========== ================================================== ==================

#Para 3

I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr. Fleagle and for a long time was not disappointed. (para3)

What does the author really mean when he says “I … was not disappointed.”?

?

He means that his expectation was right that Mr. Fleagle’s lessons were dull.

Paraphrase

?

___________________________________________ _______________________________________

__________________________________________________ ________________________________

Translation

?

__________________________________________ ________________________________________

Late in the year we tackled the informal essay. (para3)

tackle

:

①

vt. try to deal with a difficult problem

处理，应付

e.g. Many schools are now trying to tackle the problem of drug abuse.

②

vt.

铲球；扭倒，绊倒

e.g. I didn't know if he had the ball or not, so I just tackled him.

我不知道他带没带 球，所以我就把他绊倒

了。

He was tackled just outside the penalty area.

他恰在罚球区外让对方把球截过去了

.

Paraphrase

?

Late in the year we learned how to write informal essays and practiced writing them.

CF: tackle / handle

tackle

: to begin to deal with a problem in a determined way, esp. a big or complicated problem

e.g. Police forces in the area are trying to tackle car crime head on.

这一地区的警察正在努力对付汽车犯

罪。

handle

: to deal with a problem, esp. in an effective or confident way

e.g. There were a few problems, but

nothing I couldn’t handle.

问题是有几个，不过我都能处理好。

I took the list home and did nothing until the night before the essay was due. Lying on the sofa, I

finally faced up to the unwelcome task, took the list out of my notebook, and scanned it.

1. What can we infer from these sentences?

Baker was unwilling to write his essay.

2. List phrases to support your inference.

did nothing until… the essay was due; faced up to the unwelcome task

due

: adj.

①

to be expected to happen, arrive, or be finished at a particular time

预期的、应到的

e.g. His new book is due to be published next year.

Britain's

Prime

Minister

Gordon

Brown

is

due

to host a

summit

on

Saturday

outside

London

with

some 20 world leaders on climate change, economy and global poverty.

She's pregnant and the baby's due in April.

7