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名词转化为动词
很多表示物件、
身体部位或某类人的名词可以用作动词，
某些抽象名词也可用作动词
。
名词和动词在转
化时，有时不改变意思，有时意思也相应地变
化，在学习的过程中注意记忆总结。
1
名词和动词在转化时，
有时不改变意思，有时也相应地变化。
eye n.
眼睛
.
（用眼睛看）注释，端详
ship n.
船，
v.
用船装
help v.
帮助
n.
帮助
love v.
爱
n..
爱
picture
能画，
照片
v.
用图表示，描述
2
有些名词和动词在转化时会发生元音改变或词尾变化
blood----bleed
sell----sale
sing----
song
advise----advice
bathe-----
bath
believe----
belief
3 Look at the verbs
in bold. What are the nouns of these verbs?
1
）
When
Zhou
Kai
’
s
mother
saw
him
heading
towards
the
front
door
without
a
jacket
on,
she
eyed
him
anxiously.
2
）
I
’
m not overweight so I never
have to
diet
Step 3 Practice
1
．
Complete the
sentences using the words as verbs.
finger hand house mother
taste
Example: Stop
mothering
me!
I
’
m not a child.
1. This apartment _________ six people
and a dog.
2. She ________ the silk
gently.
3. It _________ really
delicious.
4. Can you ________ me those
papers?
2
．
Complete the
following sentences
1. Did you
____
（预定）
a seat on a plane
yesterday?
2. Please ____
（递）
me the book.
3. They ____
(
取名
)their dog Bob.
4. She
____
（护理；照顾）
her aged mother
every day.
一般将来时
(The future
simple tense)
1.
一
般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态
Zhou
kai, you
’
ll get ill.
I
’
ll buy you a
toy.
My sister
’
s
going to see you off.
will
和
be going
to
都可以用来表达将要发生的事情，区别如下：
(1).
单纯谈到将来的事情，没有主观因素，可用
will.
It will become warm when spring
comes.
春天到来，天气将会变暖。
。
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I will be
twenty next month.
下个月我就
20
岁了。
(2).
表
示说话人的推测，用
will.
She will be
all right after taking the
medicine.
吃了这药，她就会好的。
That will be your
house.
那是你的家吧。
(3).
表示一种倾向，用
will.
Each time he comes to Beijing, he will
visit the Great
Wall.
每次他来到北京，他都要游览长城。
Without water, man will
die.
没有水人会死。
(4).<
/p>
表示说话时决定马上要做的动作（多半是听了对方的话后所做出的反应）
< br>，用
will.
A: My chest hurts
when I breathe.
我呼吸时，胸部疼痛。
B: Lie down please, and
I
’
ll examine
you.
请躺下，我给你检查一下。
(5).
表示经过事先考虑或安排后的意思
,
< br>即
“
打算做某事
”
，用
going to do.
My
friend is in hospital now, but he is going to come
out tomorrow.
我朋友现在医院，但是他
明天就
要出院了。
She has borrowed some
books from the library. She is going to make a
careful study.
她从图
书馆借了一些书。她打算
好好作番研究。
(6)
在口语中，表
示将要发生的事情时，多用
be going to .
What
’
s going to
happen?
将要发生什么事？
Is there going to be a party tomorrow
evening?
明天晚上有聚会吗？
(7)
表示根据已有的、并被注意到的迹象将要发生的事情
They are going to miss the train.
他们要赶不上火车了。
（说话者注意到他们出发时已经太晚了）
Look at those dark clouds;
it
’
s going to
rain.
看那些乌云，要下雨了。
(8).be going to
可用于表示将来时间的条件状
语从句，
will
却不能。
If he is going to participate in the
competition, he
’
d better get
prepared.
如果他打算参加
这个竞赛，他最好做好准备
。
If we are going to start
early, 5 o
’
clock is ok.
如果我们计划早出发，
5
点就可以。
(9).will
可用于表示意愿、拒绝等的条件状语从句中。
If Tom won
’
t
come, we will lose the
game.
如果汤姆不愿意来，我们将输掉这场比赛。
If he will do something useful, he will
save the boy.
如果他愿意做些有益的事，他会就这个男
< br>孩的。
Practice
1
．
Jim and Li Lei
__________
（
watch
）
the football match this
evening
．
2
．
We are going to
play ping-pong on
Saturday
．（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答）
—
__________ __________ going
to play ping-pong on
Saturday
？
—
__________
，
we
__________
．
。
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3
．我叔叔今晚要来。
My uncle __________ __________
__________
．
4
．我们要讨论这本书。
We _____ ______ ______ ______ ______
this book
．
5
．
---Do you tell
Julia about the result ?
---Oh, no ,I
forgot. I ______her now.
A. will be
calling B. will call C. call D. am to
call
6. Look at the dark clouds in the
sky . I think it _____rain.
A will B
shall C must D is going to
7. If he
____be head teacher of this class , I will not go
to this class .
A is going to B will
C was to D should
8.----
Write to me when you get home
----
____.
A. I am going to
B. I will
C. I
should
D. I
can
9. That ____ be Dr.
Wang
’
s clinic.
Let
’
s go and have a look.
A. is going to
B. will
C. is not going to
be
D. will not.
10. My
younger brother ____be 15 years old next year.
A. is going to B. will
C. is to D. should
11.
Let
’
s keep to the point or
we _____ any decisions.
A. will
never reach B. have never reached
C. never reach D. never reached
12 --- You
’
ve
left the light on.
--- Oh, so I
have. _______ and turn it off.
A.
I
’
ll go B.
I
’
ve gone C. I go
D. I
’
m going
13.
If he _____ to college, he _____ a lot more.
A. will go; will learn B. will
go; is going to learn
C. goes; will
learn D. goes; is going to learn
14. --- Sorry, I forgot to post the
letter for you.
--- Never mind, _____
post it myself tonight.
A.
I
’
m going to B. I
prefer to C. I
’
ll
D. I
’
d rather
15.
---Write to me when you get home.
--- ____________.
A. I must B. I
should C. I will D. I can
语法项目
1
．不定式作状语
1)
不定式作目的状语：
He broke into the house to steal
something
．
。
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Many
drug addicts are now in treatment centres to stop
taking drugs
．
He's saving up to buy a new
car
．
He uses
a computer to send emails
．
2)
有时候在不定式前面加上
in
order to
或
so as
to
，否定式为
in order not
to
和
so as not
to
：
Let's
hurry so as to go to school in
time
．
Let's
hurry so as not to be late for
school
．
She
studied very hard in order to catch up with
others
．
She
studied very hard in order not to lag
behind
．
3)
不定式表示目的时，通常它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，但如果不是的话，就要用
< br>for
…
结构表示逻辑主语，如：
Mom opened the door for Jane and Betty to come
in
．
We are
now using the series
“
New
Standard English
”
for
students to make great
progress
．
请注意以下结构：
It is so kind of you
to come and help us
．
(
这时，
you
既是
to come and help us
又是
kind
的逻辑主语
)
再如：
It's rude
of him to say so
．
4)
不定式还可以作结果或原因状语：
表结果：
What
have I done to get all this?
She
went abroad never to return
．
He was
so
．
late as to miss half of
the lecture
．
She is such a good student as to be respected by
all her classmates
．
The house is large enough to hold
two hundred people
．
He is too young to do the
job
．
表原因：
She was
surprised to see us in the street of
London
．
He
laughed to hear the news
．
The old lady rejoiced to learn that
her son was the champion of the
match
．
2
< br>．
so
…
that
…
和
such(a
，
an)
…
that
…
引导的结果状语从句
1)so
…
that
…
和
such(a
，
an)
…
that
…
都引导结果状
语从句，如：
Some of them
behave so badly that people call the
police
．
It
was such a dangerous drug that he nearly
died
．
It was
such loud music that we couldn't hear ourselves
speak
．
2)so
的后面跟形容词或副词：
The night scene of the lake was so beautiful that
we didn't want to come back at
all
．
They
played so happily that they forgot the
time
．
3)such(a<
/p>
，
an)
后面跟名词：
< br>
They were such dangerous drug
dealers that people had to ask the police for
help
．
。
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It is
such an interesting story that all of them like
it
．
4)
请注意本模块语法项目
1.4
中讨论的某些不定式作结果状
语的句子：
He was so late as
to miss half of the lecture
．
She is such a good student as to be
respected by all her
classmates
．
The house is large enough to hold two hundred
people
．
He is
too young to do the job
．
我们可以把它们改变成结果状语从句：
He was so late that he missed half
of the lecture
．
She is such a good student that she is respected
by all her classmates
．
The house is so large that it can
hold two hundred people
．
He is so young that he can't do the
job
．
a.
Now complete
the sentences with
so, as a result or
as a result of.
1.
Adam knew that
taking drugs was bad, _________he stopped.
2.
He stopped
taking drugs ________meeting the doctor.
3.
Adam met a
doctor who explained the problem. __________he
stopped taking cocaine.
4.
Crack cocaine is very addictive,
________users cannot easily stop using it.
5.
He was
extremely ill _________taking crack cocaine.
6.
He became
addicted to crack cocaine, _________ he became
very ill.
时间状语从句
时间状语从句主要用于说明主句动词的时间
,
其类型颇多详见如
下归纳。
1
．
When
引导的时间状语从句
,
意为
“
当
……
的时
候
”
，
when
的从句可以用延续性动词。
He
was working at the table when I went in .
当我进去的时候，她正在桌旁工作。
I was watching TV when he came.
他来的时候我正在看电视。
注意：
when
也可以作并列连词，
表示一个动作即将或正在进行或刚完成的时候，
突然发生了另一
件事。
I was about to leave
when the telephone rang.
我正要离开，这是电话铃响了。
We
were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights
went out.
我们正在化学实验室工作，突然灯熄灭了。
I had just gone to sleep when there was
a knock at the door..
我刚入睡就有人敲门
2
．
While
引导的时间状语从句，表示
“
与
……
同时，在
< br>……
期间
”
。
< br>While
的从句中常用延续性动词
或表示状态的词。
They rushed in while we
were discussing problems.
当我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。
Father was cleaning the car while I was
playing computer games.
当我正在玩电子游戏时，爸爸在清洗汽车。
注意：
while
还可以表示对比意
义，意为
“
而；却
”
< br>。例如：
Jane was dressed in
blue, while Mary was dressed in red.
珍妮穿着蓝色的衣服，而玛丽穿红色的。
。
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3
．
As
引导的时间状语从句，作
“
当
……
的时候，一边
……
一边
”“
随着
----
”
解，
as
的从句中可使用
延续性动词，也可使用非延续性动词。例如：
He sang as he was
working.
他一边工作一边唱歌。
As time goes by, we have a better
understanding of things around us.
随着时间的推移，我们对自己周围的事务有了更好的理解。
4
．
Before
和
after
引导的从句：前者一边表示主句的动作发生早从句的动作之前；后者表示主句
的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如：
I
didn
’
t know any English
before I started school.
我上学之前，一点英语都不懂
I
had cooked supper before my parents came back.
我父母回来之前，我就做好了晚饭。
It won
’
t be long
before we meet again.
我们不久就能见面。
After
he came out, he locked the door.
他出来后，就锁上了门。
5
．
Since
和
ever
since
引导的从句：表示
“
自从
……
以来
”
，从句一般表示动作的起点，用过去时。
主句表示动作延续的情况，
一般用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
如果主句表示的是时间，
主句可用一
边现在时，也可用现在完
成时。
现在完成时
(
延续性动词
)
…
since+
…
过去时（非延续性动词）
“
自从
……
以来
”
现在完成时
(
延续
性动词
)
…
since+
…
过去时
（延续性动词
）
“
自（延续性动词结束以来
……”<
/p>
Since he came here , he has
made a lot of
friends.
他来这里以后，已交了许多朋友。
He has been working here ever since he
left university.
自从大学毕业以后，他就一直在这里工作。
She has lived alone since her husband
died.
自丈夫去世后她就一直独自生活。
I have been wearing glasses since I was
three.
我三岁以后一直戴眼镜。
It is ten years since he
smoked.
他戒烟十年了
语法二
过去完成时
过去完成时由助动词
had
加过去分
词构成，主要表示在过去某时之前已发生的动作或情况，也可
以说时
“
过去时间的过去
”
。其被动形式
为
“
had + been +
p.p
”
例如：
By the end of
last term, we had learned more than 3,000 English
words.
到上个学期末为止我们已经学了
3000
多个单词了。
注意：
如果句中出现了表示过去的具体时间状语，
句子的内容可为过去的实际情况或句
子中的内容
为历史事实时，句中的动词时态只能用一般过去时。例如：
< br>
The teacher said that it was
Columbus who first discovered the American
continent.
在表示某人过去未曾完成的
“
心愿，
打算，
计划，
想
法，
许诺
”
等等时，
< br>hope
,
mean
,plan,
want
,promise
,
intend
等位于动词必须用过去完成时。例如：
I had
planned to
offer
you some
help in
your shop,
but suddenly my
mother fell
ill
yesterday.
昨天我原本计划在你的店里帮一些忙的，但是我妈妈突然病了。
He had hoped to spend the important day
with us last Sunday , but he was too busy then.
上
星期他原本很想与我们一起度过这个重要的日子，可是他当时实在
太忙了
。
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1
、通过讨论下列例题复习时间状语从句
1)
—
When did he
leave the classroom?
—
He
left _____ you turned back to write on the
blackboard.
A. the time B. the
moment C. until D. since
2)
—
Have you known each other
for long?
—
Not very,
________we started to work in the ABC Motor
Company.
A. before
B.
since C. when D. after
3)
I
didn
’
t
make
great
progress
in
my
English
study
_____
my
teacher
had
given
me
some
advice
on
how to learn the language well.
A. unless B. before C. until D. when
4). That was really a splendid evening.
It
’
s years _____ I enjoyed
myself so much.
A. when B.
that C. before D. since
5)
—
Did Jack come
back early last night?
—
Yes. It was not yet eight
o
’
clock ____ he arrived
home.
A. before B. when
C. that D. until
2
、
通过讨论下列例题归纳出
because, as ,
since, for
的用法区别以及
now
that
的用法。
6) ____
You
’
ve got a chance, you
might as well make full use of it.
A.
Now that B. After C . Although D. As
soon as
7) He found it increasingly
difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning
to fail.
A. though B. for C.
but D. so
8)
—
Did you return
Fred
’
s call?
—
I
didn
’
t need to
______I
’
ll see him tomorrow.
A. though B. unless C. when
D. because
9
）
________ you
know it, I won't repeat it.
A. For
B. Because of C. Since D. Till
10)
—
May I go and play with Dick
this afternoon, Mum?
—
No,
you can
’
t go out _______
your work is being done.
”
A. before
B. until C. as
D. the moment
because, as ,
since, for
归纳：
___
__________________________________________________
____________________
3
、通过用不同
的句型翻译该句，复习
so/such
……
that
等引导的状语从句。
他是一个如此可爱的男孩，以至于人人都非常喜欢他。
__________________________________________
______________________.
_______________
_________________________________________________.
_______________________________________
_________________________.
典例评析：
。
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