scient-求人
学而思教育学校
（英语必修三）
Module1 Europe
第一课时：
Word study
1.
across prep
.&adv.(cross v.)
come across
偶然遇到
get
across
通过；使被理解；解释清楚
10
meters across
宽十米
辨析：
across
：表示从一定范围内的一边到另一边，沿物体的表面通过。
through
：表示动作在空间内
进行。
over
：表示“穿越”
，指越过较高物体。
2.
continental
adj.
大陆的
,
大陆性的
continent
大陆
a continental
climate
大陆性气候
continental breakfast
欧式早餐（只供应面包、咖啡的简单早餐）
continental divide
大陆分水岭
continental
drift
大陆漂移
continental
shelf
大陆架
the
Continental Congress
大陆会议
continent
(C) n.
大陆
Asia
亚洲
Africa
非洲
North America
北美洲
South America
南美洲
Europe
欧洲
Australia
澳洲
Antarctica
南极洲
the New Continent
新大陆，指南北美洲大陆
n.
脸；面；表面
v.
面对；面临；朝向；正视
in
(the) face of
面对
be faced with
面临，面对??
make a
face (make faces)
做鬼脸；扮怪脸
face up to
大胆面向
hit sb. in the face
打中某人的脸
save one's
face
保全面子
lose
one’s face
失面子
face to face
面对面
4. range n.
排；连续；山脉；
< br>(
变化等的
)
幅度；
(
知识等的
)
范围；区域
；射程
v.
排列，使排队；
(
动植物
)
分布；<
/p>
(
在一定范围内
)
变化，变动
Between France and
Spain is another mountain range
–
the Pyrenees.
a
wide range of
广泛的?；各种各样的
a
full range of
各种??
within/in range
of
在??的范围内
beyond/out of
one
‘
s
range
超越了??
的范围
range
from...to...
在??范围内变动，包括
(
由??到??
)
之间的各类事物
range between...and...
在??和??范围内变动
range
over
范围涉及
range
?
in rows
把??排成队
e.g.
(1)The child was now out of her range of
vision.
这孩子已经走出了她的视线。
(2)There is a full range of activities
for children.
这里有给孩子们提供的各种活动。
(3)Estimates of the damage range
between $$ 1 million and $$ 5 million.
估计
损失在
100
万到
500
万美元之间。
(4)She has had a
number of different jobs, ranging from chef to
swimming instructor.
学而思教育学校
（英语必修三）
她做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。
5. situated = located
adj.
坐落
(
某处
)
的；位于
(
某处的
)
situate
vt.
使位于，使处于
situation
n.
情形；境遇；
（建筑物等的）位置；形势，立场
be
situated on / in/ at
?
位于??
的；处于??地位（境遇、状态）的
be located at/ in/
on
?位于??
的；处于??位置
be
badly/well situated
境况困难
/
良好
be in an
embarrassing situation
处境尴尬
save the situation
挽回局势
the
international situation
国际
(
国内
)
形势
feel out the situation
摸清底细
（情况）
location
n.
位置，场所，所在地
on
location
拍摄外景的，拍摄外景中
e.g.
(1)The school is situated in the suburbs.
这所学校位于郊外。
(2)He was very badly situated.
他处于困境中。
(3)I am now in a difficult situation.
我现在处境困难。
辨析：
situate /locate
(1) be situated on/ in /
at
?
与
be located on/ in / at
?意义相同，都可表示“位于?的，坐落
在?的”意思
Where will the school be situated
/located?
(2) situated
做为形容词
用时，可用于描述人或事物，意思是“处于??境况”
。
--- How are you situated?
你情况如何？
--- Very
badly.
坏极了
(3)
locate
还可以表示“确定某物的位置，找出??的场所”之意。
We located the island on the map.
zation
n
．文明
civilize
v
．使文明；有修养
civilized
adj.
有教养的
7.
symbol n.
象征；符号
The most popular place for tourists is
the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris.
Generally, we use X as the symbol for
an unknown quantity.
symbol /sign/
signal
(1)symbol
指作为象征意义或表达某种深邃意义的特殊事物。
(2)si
gn
指人们公认的事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。
(3)
signal
指为某一目的而有意义的信号。
(4)mark
指其他事物上留下清晰可见的印痕或先天固有的标记，记号等。
te prep.
在??对面
adj.
相对的，对面的，对立的，相反的
adv.
在对面
n.
反义词，对立的事物，相反的人
The people sitting opposite us looked
very familiar.
The library is on the
opposite side of the road from our school.
opposition n.
反对，敌对，相反
oppositely
adv.
相对地，对立地
be
opposite from
与??相反；不相容
be opposite
to
在??对面；与??相反
just the
opposite
恰恰相反
be opposed
to
?反对??
;
反抗??
in
opposition to sb./sth.
反对??
e.g.(1)The people sitting opposite us
looked familiar.
坐在我们对面的人看上去面
(2)Light is opposite to
shadow.
光亮与阴暗是相反的。
(3)Mary isn't shy at
all
—
just the opposite in
fact.
玛丽一点都不腼腆，事实上正好相反。
(4)We sat
opposite
，
talking.
我们相对而坐，说着话。
学而思教育学校
（英语必修三）
9. govern
vt.
统治；治理
government
n
．政府
governor
n
．统治者
n.
领导；领袖；头；
v.
带领；向??方向前进
In the
United Kingdom, for example, the head of state is
a king or queen.
When the engine caught
fire, I just lost my head.
当
head
意为“领导；领袖；头；头脑”时是可数名词；但作为量词，表示“多少头”时
不
可用复数。
keep
one
’
s head
保持冷静
lose
one
’
s head
头脑不清醒，慌张
a
clear/cool head
冷静
/
清醒的头脑
hold one
’
s head
high
昂首挺胸
from head to
foot
从头到脚；全身；完全
head for/ toward
?朝??
< br>;
向??
11.
sign n.
记号，符号；迹象；征兆；痕迹
v.
签
(
名
)
；做手势；做记号
signature
n.
签名
traffic signs
交通标志
a sign of
rain
下雨的预兆
talk by
signs
用手势交谈
make/give a sign
to
对??做手势
sign in/out
签到
/
签退
sign for/up
签字领取
/
报名参加
sign sb. to do sth.
打手势让某人做某事
sign
(your name) here, please.
e.g. (1)There
were no signs of
life on
the island.
那个岛上没有生物存在的迹象。
(2)Nobody moved until I gave the
sign.
在我发信号之前，谁也没动。
(3)He signs (to/for) me to
stop.
他打手势让我停下。
(4)This is a registered letter, and
someone will have to sign for it.
这是一封挂号信，必须有人签收才行。
(5)I'm thinking of signing up for the
philosophy course this term.
我正在考虑这学期报名参加哲学课。
12. geographical
adj.
地理的
geography
n
．地理学
第二课时：
Text
1. The
United Kingdom is off the northwest coast of
continental Europe.
①
off the coast of
?
离陆地不远的海上
②
on
the coast
指在离海面附近的陆地上
I once stayed in a town on the south
coast of England.
He died in a
shipwreck off the south coast.
句中的
off
是介词，译为“与?相离，脱离”
e.g. He lives in a village a little
away off the road.
他住在离大路不远的村子里。
It will be a good thing when those old
cars are off the
roads.
那些旧车不再上路将是件大好事
from
指从某个起点离开或行为从某个起点开始；
o
ff
指离开或脱离某物。
2.
France
is
Europe’s
third
largest
country
and
faces
the
United
Kingdom
across
the
English
Channel.
①
Europe
’
s third
largest country
形容词的
最高级
级前加上了序数词
third
来修饰
e.g. The
second most expensive suit cost me 1000 yuan.
第二贵的西服花了我
1000
。
②三种常见倍数句式：
①
倍数
+as+adj/adv(
原型
)
+as
②倍数
+adj/adv(
比
较级
)+than
③倍数
+the
size /length /depth
?
of
is in the south of
Europe on the coast of the Mediterranean...
意大利在欧洲南部??
on
（表示接近）接近于?
,
面向?（河川、道路等
的）旁边，沿着，朝着?
a town on the
river
河畔的城镇
学而思教育学校
（英语必修三）
Paris is located on the River Seine.
巴黎位于塞纳河上。
on
表示事物与另一区域的接壤关系；
to
表示事物对区域范围之外的另一事物的位置；
in
表示在范围内。
4. Twenty percent of the country is
covered by islands.
①
Part of
/half of
/two thirds of /20 percent of +
可数名词复数
+
复数谓语
Part of
/half of
/two thirds of /20 percent of +
不可数名词
+
单数谓语
e.g. Nearly 70 percent of the students
wear glasses.
接近
70%
的学生都戴眼镜。
Half of the food was wasted.
一半的食物都浪费了
②
cover v.
覆盖
cover A with B== A is
covered with/by
被?
..
所覆盖
from cover to cover
从头到尾
under cover
被守护
①
be situated(located) on/in
位于某处
②
more
than
超过；不仅仅
③
be famous
for
因?而出名
ONA
①
the second largest city
第二个最大的城市
②
be designed by
(sb.)
由?所设计
③
work
on
从事
④
not
?
until
直到?才?
CE
Florence
is
an
Italian
city
which
became
famous
because
of
the
Renaissance,
a
great
artistic
movement which began in the 1300s and
lasted for three hundred years.
①
“
Florence is an
Italian city
”
是该句的主要成分，
其后
which
引导的是定语从句，
修饰
city
。
从句中“
a great artistic
movement...
”是
the Renaissance
的同位语，这个同位语中又包含一
个定语从句
< br>
“
which began in ... year
s
”来修饰
movement
。
②
because of
“由于，因为”
(
后接
n./doing/pron)
＝
thanks to,
owning to
，
as a result of
,due to
，
on account of
而
because
是一个连词，后者接句子。
试比较：
He was late
because of the rain yesterday.
He was late because it
rained yesterday.
③
in the 1300s
意为“在
14
世纪
30
年代”
，注意表示“??世纪??年代”时，要在年代
后加
s
，类似的表达有：
< br>in one
’
s thirties
在某人三十多岁时。
E
Their work has influenced over writers
ever since.
ever since
“
从那以后”
，
要和现在完成时或现在完成进行时
连用，
类似的时间状语还有
so
far,
up till now, by now, recently,
lately, since last (month), in/for the
past
＋
一段时间
,since...ago
等。
eg.
①
He came to England three
years ago and has lived here ever since .
他三年前来到英国，从那以后便一直住在这里。
②
I
haven
‘
t seen her since
ten years ago.
自十年前至今，我没见过她。
③
We have completed half of
the work so far .
到目前为止，我们完成了一半的工作。
④
The couple have been
working very hard
for/in
the last(past ) ten years.
在最近的十年里这对夫妇一直努力工作。
【拓展】
：
(1)It
is/was/has been
＋时间段＋
since
从句（过去时）
...
自从??已经多久了<
/p>
It is three years since he
joined the army.
他参军
3
年了。
学而思教育学校
（英语必修三）
It is three years since he smoked.
他戒烟
3
年了
(
不吸烟
)
。
（
2
）
It
will be/was
＋时间段＋
before
从句
...
再有多长时间才??
It was 2 years before we met each
other again.
It will not be long before
he knows the
truth.
过不了多久，他就会知道真相，
(3)
在
It is/was
＋时间段＋
sin
ce...
句型中，若
since<
/p>
从句中的动词为延续性动词，句子意思
要发生变化
第三课时：
Grammar
Part 1 Subject and Verb
agreement
主谓一致
(
一
)
主谓一致三
原则
1
．语法一致的原则。即主语是
单数，谓语为单数；主语为复数，谓语亦为复数。
e.g.
He does well in math.
Australia is an extremely
rich country.
2
．意义一致的原则。根据主语
的意义，而不是形式，决定谓语的数。
e.g. The
teacher and writer is going to give us a lecture
on writing.
那位老师兼作者准备给我们讲讲如何写作。
< br>3
．就近一致的原则。即谓语与靠近的那个主语一致。
e.g. Either he or I am right.
There is a dictionary and some books on
the desk.
【注】
：
①三个
原则虽然不同，
但在具体运用中，
它们往往是协调的，
并不矛盾。
eg. More than
ten students have passed the driving
test.(
形式和意义都是复数
)
②当语法一致的原则与意义一致的原则发生冲突时，一般坚持语法一致的原则。
e.g. More than one student has passed
the driving
test.(
形式是单数，意义是复数
)
(
二
)
主谓一致细说
1
．谓语用单数时的情况：
(1)
不可数名词做主语时。
e.g. There is a lot of water in the
jar.
【注】
：不可数名词前若有表示数量的物量词，则谓
语动词与物量词本身的形式一致。
eg.
One million tons of oil
were produced last year.
(2)
不定式短语
((to
do)
、动名词短语
(doing
sth.)
和从句做主语时。
e.g. That she will come here tomorrow
is certain.
Taking more exercises is healthy.
【注】
：
①
what <
/p>
从句做主语时，
谓语动词的形式主要取决于后面的表语是单数还是
复数。
试
比较：
What they want is nothing but a rest.
和
What he wants are two books.
②当
what
从句表示所说的话或所做的事时，谓语动词应用单数。
e.g. What he said has left us much to
think about.
(3)
主语是形单意单的词
①主语若是单数名词，
后面尽管跟有
as well as
，
with
，
together with
，
besides
，
except
，
but
，
includin
g
，
rather than
等引导
的短语，谓语仍用单数。
(
就前原则
)
e.g. The teacher as well as his
students is playing football.
In some
parts of the world
，
tea is
served with milk or sugar.
②主语是
each
或单数主语被
each
，
every
修饰时。
e.g. Each of
the boys has a pencil box.
Here every student is good at drawing.
【注】
：单数的并列主语被
every
，
each
，
no
，
many a
修饰时，谓语也用单数。
学而思教育学校
（英语必修三）
e.g. Every desk and chair is new.
Each teacher and each student has been
told to attend the meeting after school.
【注】
：
each
做主语的同位语时谓语由前面的主语决定。
e.g. They each have finished their
exercises.
③主语是
e
ither
，
neither
，
the other
或主语被
either
，
neither
修饰时。
e.g. Either
of the answers is correct.
Neither
answer proves to be correct.
④
every/some/any/no
＋
body/one
/thing
构成的复合不定代词做主语时。
e.g. Nobody is absent.
⑤主语是
a kind/sort/type
of
＋单数或复数名词时，
因为
kind/sort/type
是短语中的中心词，也是信息的焦点
，所以，谓语与其一致。
e.g. This kind
of wheat isn't grown in our country.
(4)
主语是形复意单的词
①以
s
结尾的国名、人名、书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时。
e.g. The United
Nations(
联合国
) was founded in
1945.
②以
s
结尾的学科名词做主语时。
e.g.
Physics is taught in all middle schools.
③“
One and a
half
＋复数名词”做主语时。
e.g. One and a half days is all I can
spare.
2
．谓语用复数时的情况
(1)
主语是形单意复的词
①
people
，
po
lice
等集合名词做主语时。
e.g. The police have caught the
thieves.
②“
the/these/those
＋形容词
/
分词形容词”可以表示一类人，
这一结构做主语时。
e.g. Those wounded
were taken good care of.
“
th
e
＋形容词”还可表示抽象事物，这时应视做单数。
e.g. The beautiful gives pleasure to
people.
③“
the
＋表示国
籍、民族的形容词”可以表示该国全体人民，这一结构做主语时。
e.g. The Chinese are a brave and
hardworking people.
(2)
主语是形复意复的词
①某些具有抽象意义的复数名词做主语时。
e.g. Things are getting worse and
worse.
The surroundings are usually
quiet here.
②“
one or
two
＋复数名词”做主语时。
e.g. There are one or two tickets left.
③
glasses
，
< br>compasses
，
trousers
等由两部分连成一体的名词做主语时。
e.g. My trousers are worn out.
若前面有
pair
等物量词，则谓语由该物量词的形式决定。
e.g. There is a pair of compasses on
the desk.
There are two pairs of
glasses needing to be repaired.
3
．谓语用单数或复数均有可能
(1)
表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词被看做整体时，谓
语用单数。
e.g. Ten dollars is
what he needs.
和
Twenty kilometers isn't a short
distance.
若侧重于一个个的个体，则用复数。
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