割断国际结算英文专业术语词汇

2021年1月27日发(作者：强度英文)
国际结算专业词汇


A





Acceptance




The act of giving a written undertaking on the face of a usance bill of exchange to pay a stated sum on the maturity date
indicated by the drawee of the bill, (usually in exchange for documents of title to goods shipped on D/A terms) - see
Collections Introduction.




Acceptance Credit




A documentary credit which requires the beneficiary to draw a usance bill for subsequent acceptance by the issuing
bank or the advising bank or any other bank as the credit stipulates - see Documentary Credits.




Accommodation Bill




In the context of fraud, a bill drawn without a genuine underlying commercial transaction.




Accountee




Another name for the applicant/opener of a documentary credit i.e. the importer = the person for
whose account the
transaction is made.




Advice of Fate




The Collecting Bank informs the Remitting Bank of non- payment/non-acceptance or (for D/A bills) of acceptance and
the bill maturity date - see Handling Import Collections.




Advising




Act of conveying the terms and conditions of a DC to the beneficiary. The advising bank is the issuing bank agent,
usually located in the beneficiary country - see Export - DC Advising.

Advising also involves authentication i.e. advising bank should take reasonable care to check the apparent authenticity
of the credit (ICC UCC 500 Art 7).





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Amendment




Alteration to the terms of a DC; amendments must stem from the applicant, be issued and advised to the beneficiary;
the beneficiary has the right to refuse an amendment if the credit is irrevocable - see Amendments to DCs.




Applicant




One who applies to his bank to issue a documentary credit; in the majority of credits issued the applicant is an importer
of goods.




Avalise




The act by a bank in guaranteeing payment of a bill of exchange or promissory note by endorsing the reverse with the
words good per aval and signed by the bank, or by the issuance of a separate guarantee.

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B






Back- to-Back Credit




A credit issued against the security back of another credit (master credit) on the understanding that reimbursement will
stem from documents eventually presented under the first credit (master credit) issued
- see Special DCs. It follows
therefore that each side of a B/B transaction covers the shipment of the same goods.




Beneficiary




A payee or recipient, usually of money.

A party in whose favour a documentary credit is established, usually the exporter.




Bill for Collection (BC)




Document(s) or cheque submitted through a bank for collection of payment from the drawee.




Bill of Exchange (B/E)

2




An unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to another, signed by
the person giving it, requiring the
person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or
to the order of a specified person, or to bearer.




Bill of Lading (B/L)




A receipt for goods for shipment by sea. It is a Document of Title: see Documents.




Bill Receivable (BR)




Bills which are financed by the receiving branch, whether drawn under a DC or not, are treated as BRs by both the
remitting branch and the receiving branches - see Bills Receivable.




Blank Endorsed




When a bill of lading is made out to order or shipper order and the shipper has signed on the back of it, it is said to be
blank
endorsed.
The
bill
of
lading
then
becomes
a
bearer
instrument
and
the
holder
can
present
it
to
the
shipping
company to take delivery of the goods.

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C






Carrier




Person or company undertaking for hire the conveyance of goods e.g. shipping company




Case of Need




Agent
nominated
by
a
principal,
to
whom
the
collecting
bank
may
refer
in
specified
circumstances
concerning
collections - see the sections on Collections.




Chaser


3



Reminder sent by the collecting (or DC issuing) bank to the importer, repeating a request for payment - see Handling
Import Collections.




Clean




Used to describe a draft/cheque with no shipping documents - see Collections Introduction.

Used
to
describe
a
bill
of
lading
without
clauses
that
expressly
declare
a
defective
condition
of
the
goods
or
the
packing.




Clean Bill Purchased




A collection bill purchased with no shipping Purchase documents - see Financing Export Collections.




Clean Bill Receivable (CBR)




BR (Bill Receivable) with no shipping documents. The term is more often used for non-trade bills such as travellers
cheques.




Clean Collection




A draft with no documents Collection attached - see Collections ?Introduction?




Clean Import Loan (CIL)




A loan granted to an importer for payment of import bills, without the Bank having any claim to the goods.




Collection Bank




Bank in the drawee country that is instructed to collect payment from the drawee - see Collections Introduction.




Collection Order




Form
submitted,
with
documents,
to
the
Remitting/Negotiating
Bank
by
an
exporter
with
his
instructions
-
see
Collections ?Introduction.


4



Confirming




Act of a bank other than the issuing bank assuming the liability
for payment, acceptance or negotiation of correctly
presented documents under a DC - see Confirmation of DCs.




Consigment




Shipment of goods.




Consignee




The
person/company/bank
to
whom
the
goods
are
delivered
-
usually
the
importer
or
the
Collecting
Bank
-
see
Handling Import Collections.




Consignor




Also called shipper, is the person/company who sends goods by ship, by land or air.




Contingent Liability




A liability that arises only under specified conditions, e.g. when a bank opens a DC it incurs an obligation to make a
future payment on condition that the terms are fully met.

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D





DC Bills




Bills drawn under documentary credits.




Deferred Payment Credit (DPC)


5



A DC which allows the nomination of a bank, or the issuing bank to effect payment against stipulated documents at a
maturity date as specified or determinable from the wording of the credit.




Demurrage




A charge made by a shipping company or a port authority for failure to load or remove goods within the time allowed.




Discounting




Act of purchasing an accepted usance bill of exchange at an amount less than the face value.




Discrepancy




Any deviation from the terms and conditions of a DC, or the documents presented thereunder, or any inconsistency
between the documents themselves - see Negotiation under DCs.




Dishonour




Non-payment or non-acceptance.




Documentary Credit (DC)




A
conditional
undertaking
by
a
bank
to
make
payment,
often
abbreviated
to
credit.
More
precisely,
it
is
a
written
undertaking by a bank (issuing bank) given to the seller (beneficiary) at the request of the buyer (applicant) to pay a
sum of money against presentation of documents complying with the terms of the credit within a set time limit.




Documents




The characteristics and importance of the various documents associated with Import/Export operations are explained
and illustrated in Deciding on Documents.




Documents Against Acceptance (D/A)




Instruction
for
commercial
documents
to
be
released
to
the
drawee
on
acceptance
of
the
Bill
of
Exchange
-
see
Collections ?Introduction.


6



Documents Against Payment (D/P)




Instruction for documents to be released to the drawee only on payment - see Collections ?Introduction.




Documents of Title




Documents that give their owner the right to the goods, i.e. Bill of Lading.




Draft




Bill of exchange issued by an exporter and submitted to his bank for collection, or under a DC - usually submitted with
attached
shipping
documents
-
not
to
be
confused
with
a
bankers
draft
which
is
sometimes
used
as
a
vehicle
for
reimbursement.




Drawee




Party on whom a bill is drawn and the one to whom presentation is to be made according to the collection order - the
importer (NB: for DC bills, the drawee is usually the DC issuing bank).




Drawer




The exporter, who draws the Bill of Exchange/draft which in itself is a claim for payment.




Due Date




Maturity date for payment


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E





Expiry Date


7



Latest date, usually in the country of the beneficiary, on which negotiation/payment of a DC can take place.

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F







Financed Bills




Bills sent on collection in which the remitting branch has a financial interest.




Foreign Bill Purchased (FBP)




A bill remitted to a correspondent bank in which the remitting branch is financing the exporter - see Financing Export
Collections.




Forward Exchange Contract




Contract
between
the
Bank
and
its
customer
to
buy/sell
a
fixed
amount
of
foreign
currency
at
a
future
date
at
a
specified
rate.
This
could
be
for
a
customer
to
make
payment
under
a DC or
to
sell
the
proceeds
received
from
an
export negotiation.




Freight




Goods OR the cost of transporting goods.

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G





General Average


8



Loss which is the result of a sacrifice voluntarily made or an expense incurred; for the sole purpose of saving a ship and
its
cargo
in
face
of
a
common
danger
(e.g.
jettison
of
cargo
to
lighten
a
ship
in
distress).
The
loss
is
borne
proportionately by ship and cargo owners according to their respective interests in the voyage.




Gross Weight




The weight of the merchandise in its shipping form, i.e. including all its packaging.


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I





ICC 322




Uniform Rules for Collections




ICC 323




Standard Forms for Issuing Documentary Credits




ICC 420




Guide to the Prevention of International Trade Fraud.




ICC 460




Incoterms 1990. Explains the 13 standard Incoterms.




ICC 500




Uniform
Customs
and
Practice
for
Documentary
Credits
(1993
revision)
replaced
the
previous
ICC
400
as
from
1
January 1994.


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