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简单句的五种基本结构相关知识
一、常用的连系动词大致可分为三类:
1
)
表示具有某种性质、
特征或处于某种状态的
(
感官
)
系动词,
如:
be
,
appear
,seem
,
look
,
taste
,
sou nd
,
feel
,
smell
等。例如:
The story of his life sounds interesting
.
他的生平听起来很有趣。
The plan looks good on paper
,
but will it work
?
这个计划从纸面上看不错,但能行得通吗?
The house appeared deserted
.
那所房子看来无人居住
2
)表示状态变化的系动词,如:
become
,
com e
,
fall
,
get
,
go
,
grow
,
turn
,
run
,
turn out
等。
例如:
Leaves turn yellow in the autumn
.
树叶在秋天变黄。
The post of headmaster fell
/
became vacant
.
校长的位子空了下来。
The sound of the music grew faint as the band marched away
.音乐声随着乐队走远而渐渐减弱。
3
)表示某种持续状态的系动词,如:
keep
,
rem ain
,
stay
,
rest
,
lie
,
stand
等。例如:
Few of the houses there remained standing after the earthquake
.地震过后,那里没有几所房子没有倒
塌。
The book lay open on the table
.
那本书摊开放在桌子上。
The weather has stayed warm all week
.
天气整个星期都很暖和。
注意:
(
1
)系动词后跟什么样的表语并不是任意的,有一些固定 搭配需特别记忆。如:
get ready
(准备好了)
,
get dark
[
(天)变黑]
,
turn red
/
yellow
(变红/黄)
,
go bad
/
mad
(变
坏/变疯)
,
go wrong
(出错)
,
keep silent
(保持沉默)
,
come true
(实现了)
,
fall asleep
(睡着
了)
,
fall ill
(生病)
,等 。
(
2
)系动词没有进行时(
3
)系动词没有被动语态。
二、可接双宾语的
38
个常用动词
(1)
双宾语易位时需借助介词
to
的常用动词
award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb.
颁奖给某人
bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb.
把某物带给某人
hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb.
把某物递给某人
lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb.
把某物借给某人
mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb.
把某物寄给某人
offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.
将某物给某人
owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb.
欠某人某物
pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb.
把某物递给某人
pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb.
付给某人某物(钱)
post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb.
把某物寄给某人
read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb.
把某物读给某人听
return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb.
把某物还给某人
send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb.
把某物送给某人
sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb.
把某物卖给某人
serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb.
拿某物招待某人
show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.
拿某物给某人看
take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb.
把某物拿给某人
teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb.
教某人某物
tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb.
告诉某人某情况
throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb.
把某物扔给某人
write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb.
给某人写信
(2)
双宾语易位时需借助介词
for
的常用动词
1
book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb.
为某人预定某物
buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.
为某人买某物
choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb.
为某人选某物
cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb.
为某人煮某物
draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb.
为某人画某物
fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb.
为某人去取某物
find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb.
为某人找到某物
fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb.
为某人准备某物
get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb.
为某人拿来某物
make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb.
为某人做某物
order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb.
为某人订购某物
pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb.
为某人采摘某物
prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb.
为某人准备某物
save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb.
为某人留某物
sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb.
为某人唱某物(歌)
spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb.
为某人让出某物
steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb.
为某人偷某物
注:有的动词后接的双宾语 易位时,
既可用介词
to
引出间接宾语,
也可用介词
for
引出间接宾语,
含义相同,如
bring
,
play
等:
Bring me today
’
s paper. = Bring today
’
s paper to [for] me.
把今天的报纸拿给我。
He played us the record he had just bought. = He played the record he had just bought for [to] us.
他放
了他刚买的唱片给我们听。
有的动词后接的双宾语易位时,即可用介词
to
引出间接宾语,也可用介词
for
引出间接宾语,但
含义不同, 如
leave
等:
They left me no food. = They left no food for me.
他们没给我留一点食物。
My uncle left me a large fortune. = My uncle left a large fortune to me.
我叔叔死后留下一大笔财产给
我。
而有的动词后接双宾语时,既不能 用介词
to
引出间接宾语,也不能用介词
for
引出间接宾语,如
a llow, ask, cause, charge, cost, forgive, refuse
等:
He allows his son too much money.
他给他儿子的钱太多。
He asked me some questions.
他问了我一些问题。
This caused me much trouble.
着给我带来了许多麻烦。
He charged me five dollars for a cup of tea.
他一杯茶向我要了
5
美元。
His mistake cost him his job.
他的错误让他丢了工作。
I envy you your good luck.
我羡慕你的好运。
They forgave him his rudeness.
他们原谅了他的鲁莽。
He refused her nothing.
她要什么就给什么。
三、接复合宾语的动词
英语中,
有些及物动词接宾语后还需接宾 语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况,
这样意思才完
整。宾语和宾语补足语合称复合宾语。常用 句型为:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。可用
作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、现在分词、动词不 定式、介词短语等。
1.
接名词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有
call, name, think, make
等。如:
We call them mooncakes.
我们把它们叫作月饼。
2.
接形容词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有
make, keep, think, find
等。如:
At first I found Chinese hard.
开始的时候,我发现汉语很难。
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