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直接引语与间接引语的区别和用法
I.
定义
:
直接引语:直接引用别人的原话,并在原话前后加引号。
例:
He said:
间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,多数以宾语从句的形式构成。
例:
He said it was too late.
直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题
II.
第一
:人称的变化。
记忆规律:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。
例如:
1.
直接引语
She said:
间接引语
She said she was hungry.
She said.
She said her brother wanted to go with her
2.
直接引语
Mum said to me:
间接引语
Mum told me that I had to clean my bedroom by myself.
He said to Kate.
r sister now?
He asked Kate how her sister was then
3.
直接引语
Mr Smith said
。
。
间接引语
Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker
第二
:时态变化
直接引语变间接引语时,间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。其规律如下图。
直接引语
间接引语
一般过去时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时(不变)
一般现在时
一般过去时
注意:
1.
直接引语为客观真理时,间接引语时态不变,仍用一般现在时。
例如:
Teacher told us:
Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.
2.
直接引语如果是一般现在时 。
表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,
变间接引语,
时态不变。如:
He said,
。
He said he gets up at six every morning
3.
如果直接引语所述 事实在当时和目前同时生效,
在变成间接宾语是时态不发生
变化。
He said ,“I am a boy, not a girl.”
He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.
4.
直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。如:
Jack said.
d
John where he was going when he met him in the street
5.
如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:
ought to
,
had better, used
to)
和已经是过去时的形式时,(例:
could, should, would, might
)不再变。如:
Peter said.
。
that day
6..
直 接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时,间接引语仍用一般过去
时。
例如:
She said:
She said she went to England in 1998.
7.
主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,间接引语时态不变。
He says:
He says that he bought me a book yesterday.
第三
:指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。
1.
指示代词
this ---that
these---those
2.
时间状语
now
----then
today
---that
day
yesterday---the
day
before
tomorrow
---the
next
day
next
week---- the
next
week
last
year----the
year before
a week ago---a week before
3.
地点状语
here ---there
4.
从句动词
come---go
bring----take
5.
主句动词
saysay to sb----asktell
第四
:句式上的变化
1.
陈述句变间接引语时,
用
that
连接
。
如:
She said:
可以省略
)
She said,
2.
一般疑问句,选择疑问句和反意疑问句变间接引语时,
要用 陈述语气,并要
加连词
if
或
whether
。
例如:
(1)She asked me:
(2)She asked us:
on a picnic.
He said,
3.
特殊 疑问句变间接引语要用
特殊疑问词引导
。
宾从必须是陈述语序
。
例如:
(1)
(2)Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year.
She asked me,
4.
祈使句变间接引语,
“
一改二变三加四去。
”
一改:
said (to)
改为
asked
或
told, ordered
等
二变:
said to
的宾语或呼语变为
asked
等的宾语
三加:即在动词原形前加
to
,使成为动词不定式
四去:去掉
please
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