兀直接引语和间接引语的转换

2021年1月24日发(作者：mariner)
直接引语和间接引语的转换

直接引语和间接引语

直接引语：直接引述别人的话。直接引语一般前后要加引号。

间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。

Eg: said,
“
i
’
m busy
”
.






(
直接引语
)
Eg: Mr. Black said that he was busy.

(
间接引语
)
1
、陈述句：




直接引语如果是陈述句，
变为间接引语时，
用连接词
“
t hat
”
引导
（
that
在口语当中常省略）
，
引 述动词通常是
say, tell
等。
主句中如果有
say to sb.,
通常变为
tell sb.
。
从句中的人称、
时态、
指示代 词、时间状语、地点状语要作相应的变化。

①
He said to me,
“
I
’
ve left my book in your room.
”

→
He told me that he had left his book in my room.
②
The foreigner said to me,
“
I like Beijing very much
”
.
→
The foreigner told me that he
（
she) liked Beijing very much.
③
She said,
“
We are very fond of sports
”
.
→
She said that they were very fond of sports.
（
1
）人称代词的变化



①当主句的主语是第一人称时，引语中的人称代词不变。



I said,
“
You did quite well in the exam yesterday
”
.



→

I said that you had done quite well in the exam the day before.





我说你那天考得不错。



②直接引语中主语是第一人称时，在改为间接引语时，其人称与主句中的

1 / 11
直接引语和间接引语的转换





主语的人称一致。



He said to Tom,
“
I'll do my best to catch up with others
”
.


→

He told Tom that he would do his best to catch up with others.








他告诉汤姆他将尽他所能赶上其他人。



③直接引语中主语是第二人称时，在改为间接引语时，其人称和主句的宾





语相一致。



He said to her,
“
Where did you put the glasses
”




→

He asked her where she had put the glasses.






他问她，她把杯子放哪儿了。



提示：



如果主句中无宾语，应根据语境或想象，自 添适当的宾语；如果直接引语中有呼语，则将其
改为间接引语的宾语。



Mother asked,
“
Where have you been?
”
.



→

Mother asked me where I had been.
母亲问我去哪儿了。




“
Why are you late again?
”
, John
’
s teacher asked.


→

The teacher asked John why he was late again.





老师问约翰为什么他又迟到。



④直接引语中主语是第三人称时，在改为间接引语时不发生变化。



He said to Tom,
“
She can help them
”
.



→

He told Tom that she could help them.
他告诉汤姆她能够帮助他们。

（
2
）物主代词的变化
(< br>形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词
)
2 / 11
直接引语和间接引语的转换



“
You should not overlook your fault
”
, Mum said to me.


→

Mum told me that I should not overlook my fault.






妈妈对我说我不应该忽略我的缺点。



The two boys said,
“
We have lost our dog.
“



→

The two boys said they had lost their dog.
这两个男孩说他们的狗丢了。




“
It
’
s mine
”
, he said.


→
He said it
’
s his.

（
3
）指示代词的变化



直接引语中的指示代词






间接引语中的指示代词








this



















that







these


















those





She said,
“
This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived
”
.


→

She said that was the house in which Lu Xun had once lived.






她说那是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。





“
I bought these flowers for you
”
, Jane said.



→
Jane said that she had bought those flowers for me.





简说那些花是她为我买的。





“
I grow these tomatoes myself
”
, he said.



→

He said that he grew those tomatoes himself.



他说那些胡萝卜是他自己种的。

（
4
）时态的变化

3 / 11
直接引语和间接引语的转换

A.
主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。

直接引语

一般现在时

间接引语

一般过去时

Eg:
“
I don
’
t want to set down a series of facts in
Eg: Anne said that she didn
’
t want to set down a
a diary.
”
said Anne.
Eg: He said,
”
I like it very much.
”

现在完成时

series of facts in a diary.
Eg: He said that he liked it very much.
过去完成时

Eg:
Cellla
said,
”
I
have
not
heard
from
Jordan
Eg:
Cella
said
that
she
had
not
heard
form
since May.
”

Jordan since May.
Eg: He said ,
“
I haven
’
t written home since last
Eg:
He
said
that
he
hadn
’
t
written
home
since
year.
”

现在进行时

Eg: The boy said,
“
I
’
m using a knife.
”

现在完成进行时



直接引语

一般过去时

Eg: They said,
“
We saw her in the street.
”

Eg: He said,
“
My mother worked here
”

过去完成时

间接引语

过去完成时

Eg:They said they had seen her in the street.
Eg:He said his mother had worked here.
过去完成时（不变）

last year.
过去进行时

Eg: The boy said that he was using a knife.
过去完成进行时


4 / 11
直接引语和间接引语的转换

Eg: John said to his parents,
“
I had learned 500
Eg: John said to his parents that he had learned

Chinese words by the end of last term.
”

500 Chinese words by the end of last term.
Eg: He said,
”
i had finished my homework before
Eg:
He
said
that
i
had
finished
my
homework
supper.
”

过去进行时



直接引语

一般将来时

Eg: Zhou Lan said,
“
I
’
ll do it after class.
”

间接引语

过去将来时

Eg:
Zhou
Lan
said
that
she
would
do
it
after
class.
Eg: The little boy said,
“
I will go on a trip with my
Eg: The little boy said that he would go on a trip
parents.
”


B.

主句为现在时或将来时，间接引语的时态保持不变。



He thinks,
“
She will be back in a month
”
.



→

He thinks she will be back in a month.
他想她将在一个月后回来。



He says,
“
I have accepted her invitation.
“



He says he has accepted her invitation.
他说他已接受了她的邀请。

C.
间接引语表示的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、客观事实、格言等。





The geography teacher said to the students,
“
The earth moves round the sun
”
.


→

The geography teacher told the students that the earth moves round the sun.
5 / 11
before supper.
过去完成进行时
(
或不变
)

with his parents.