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论文中的引用格式
1.1
间接引用
(
citations
)
A.
如果引用只涉及一个作家的某本专著或文章,而作家的名字在自己的行
文中没有出现
,
将该作家的姓氏和出版的时间用括弧括起来,放在句子
结尾,注意该括弧算作句子的一部分,标 点符号应放在括弧之后。
例
:
It has been argued that
teachers’
role is to provide the students with optimal
condition that can facilitate learning so that students can achieve
similar results
(Bloom, 1976).
B.
如果引用所涉及到的作家的名字已经出现在行文中
,
只需要在名字后面
加上括弧
,
填入出版时间即可。
例
:
Gould
(1988)
attributes
Darwin
’
s
success
to
his
gift
for
making
the
appropriate metaphor.
C.
如果引用涉及到的作家和著作的出版时间在行文中已出现,那就不再需
要单独的夹注了。
例:
In a 1988 article, Gould explores some of
Darwin’s
most effective metaphors.
D.
如果引用涉及到的著作是由两位作者合著,则每次引用时都需把两位 作
者的姓氏注出来,
在夹注中用
“
&
”
,
在行文中 则用
“
and
”
连接两个作者。
例:
The disadvantages of the multiple regression analysis is that it cannot show
the
complex
interrelations
between
independent
variable
(Bryman
&
Cramer,
1990). Bryman and Cramer (ibid.) also pointed out that
…
E.
如涉及到的作者超过两人, 少于六人,第一次加夹注时,写出所有作者
的姓氏,
以后每次引用,
只需写出第一作者 的姓氏,
其后加上
“
et
al.
”
即可。
例:
Scientists
have
isolated
a
gene
connected
to
circadian
rhythms
in
plants
(Millar, Straum, Chory, Chua, & Kay, 1995: 1163). They identified the mutations
that activated light-dependent pathways (Millar, et al., 1995: 1165)
F.
如果引用涉及到的著作由六位以上的作者合著,加注时只需写出第一作
者的姓氏,其后加上“
et al.
”即可。
例:
Naiman et al.
(
1978
)
found a similar relationship, although I this case
effort’
on
the
part
of
the
learners
was
also
associated
with
instrumental
motivation
(subsequent citations) (Ellis, 1954: 512).
G.
如果涉及到同一作者的不同著作,在括弧中按出版时间分开;如果是 同
一作者在同一年的不同著作,在出版时间后用小写英文字母区别。
例:
(
Halliday, 1978, 1992
)
;
(
Halliday, 1967a, 1967b
)
1.2
直接引用(
quotations
)
A
.
如果原著作者的姓氏在自己的行文中没有提到,
那你需要把作 者的姓
氏,出版时间和引文出自的页码用括弧括起,放在引文的后面
,
引文
用双引号。如果引文中原来就有引号,将有引号的部分改为单引号。
例:
Conceptually, motivation is seen as
“
the combination of effort plus desire
to
achieve
the
goal
of
learning
the
language
plus
favorable
attitude
toward
learning language
”
(Gardner, 1985: 10).
Based on different findings, it is proposed that
“
the type of motivation and its
strength are likely to be determined less by some generalized principle and more
by
‘
who learns what in what milieu
’”
(Laser-Freeman & Long, 1993: 174).
B
.
如果你自己的行文中已经提到原著作者的姓氏,
则只需在引文 的后面
用括弧加上页码即可。
例:
Gardner (1985) sees motivation as
“
the combination of effort plus desire to
achieve the goal of learning the language plus favorable attitude toward learning
language
”
(p. 10).
C.
如果直接引用所涉及到的作者有多位,
除遵守以上
A
,
B
两条外,
其他规则与
间接引用相同。
D.
直接引文的字数如少于
40
英文单词或
4
行 ,引文直接放到段落中。否则
引文单独成段,段落用“齐头式”
,整个段落缩行
5个空格
(
如果引文还
有第二段,整个段落还要再缩行
5
个空格
)
,引文不需引号。如引文中已
有引号,保留原来的引号。
例:
Raymond
William
explains
that
the
word
career
has
all
but
lost
its
original
meaning.
Career
is now so regularly used to describe a person’s progress in life, or,
by derivation from this,
his profession or vocation that it is difficult to
remember, in the same context, its original meaning of a recourse and a
gallop
—though
in
some
contexts,
as
in
the
phrase
“Careering
about,”
these survive.
Career
appeared in English . . .
E.
引用诗歌
,
如少于两行
,
直接引入行文中,两行间用斜线分开
,
行首的
大写应保持
,
引用部分加双引号
;
如超过两行
,
则按直接引用规则
D
处理。
例:
In his “Hymn to Intellectual Beauty,” Shelly personifies the immaterial,
spiritual
world:
“The
awful
shadow
of
some
unseen
Power
/
Floats
though
unseen among us.”
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