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高中英语·语法专项——直接引语和间接引语
高中英语直接引语和间接引语用法讲解
一、概述
引用或转述别人 说的话时有两种方法:
直接引述别人的原话,
这叫做直接引语
(direct speech)
。
用自己的话转述别人的话,
叫间接引语
(indirect speech)
。
一般地讲,
直接引语前后要加引号,
间接引语不用引号,而 用宾语从句来表达。
Mr. Black said,
“I'm busy.”< br>布菜克先生说:
“
我很忙
”
。
(直接引语)
Mr. Black said that he was busy.
布菜克先生说他很忙。
(宾语从句是间接引语)
从上例看来,直 接引语改为间接引语时
,
除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外,还须对直接引语
中的人称和 时态进行相应的变化,
如上例直接引语中的
I
改成了
he, am
则 改成了
was
。
现将
由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题
,分述如下:
二、直接引语是陈述句时
直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间 接引语时,用连词
that
引导(
that
在口语中常省去)
,that
从句之前用
say
、
tell
等动词,从句中的人称、 时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要
作相应的变化。
1
、
人称的变化
直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化,
把直接引语中的第一 人称
(
如:
I
,
me
,
my
,
m ine
,
we
,
us
,
our
,
ours )
变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。把直接引语中的第二人称
(you
,
yo ur
,
yours)
变为和主句的间接宾语
(
即听话人,
如 无听话人,
可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人
称
)
相一致的人称。直接引语 中的第三人称
(he
,
him
,
his
,
she< br>,
her
,
hers,it
,
its,they,their
,
theirs
,
them)
变为间接引语时,人称不变。
He said , “I
like it
very much.”
他说:
“
我非常喜欢它
”
。
→He said
that he liked it very much.
他说他非常喜欢它。
(I
改为
he, it
不变
)
He said, “You
told me
this story.”
他说:
“
你给我讲过这个故事。
”
→He said that
I had told him that story.
他说我给他讲过那个故事。
(You
改为
I, me
改为
him, told
改为
had told)
He said to me, “She’s
left her book in your
room”.
他对我说:
“
她把书放在你的房间里去了。
”
He
told
me
that she
had left her book
in my room.
他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。
(
She’s→she had
,
her
不变,
your→my
)
2
、
时态的变化
(
1
)主句的谓语动词是一般过去时
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去 时,
直接引语变间接引语时,
从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作
相应的变化。直接引语改 为间接引语时
,
动词时态相应变化表:
He said, “I usually
watch
TV on Sunday.”
他说:
“
我常在星期天看电视
”
。
→He said tha
t he usually watched TV on Sunday.
他说他常在星期天看电视。
He said, “I'm using
the knife.”
他说:
“
我正在用小刀。
”
→He said that he
was using the knife.
他说他正在用小刀。
She said, “I
have not heard
from him since May.”
她说:
“
自从五月份来我就没收到他的来信。
”
→She said that she
had not heard from him since May.
她说自五月以来她就没收到他的来信。
He said
,
“I
came
to help you.”
他说:
“
我来帮助你。
”
→He said that
he had come to help me.
他说他来帮助我。
He said, “I
had finished
my homework before supper.”
他说:
“
晚饭前我己做完了作业。
”
→He said that he
had finished his homework before supper.
他说晚饭前他己做完了作业。
Zhou L
an said, “I'll do
it after class.”
周兰说:
“
下课后我就去做。
”
→Zhou Lan said that she
would do it after class.
周兰说下课后她就去做。
高中英语·语法专项——直接引语和间接引语
He said,“I
shall be doing
my homework then.”
他说:
“
那时我将正在做作业。
”
→He said that he
should be doing his homework then.
他说那时他将正在做作业。
He said, “We
shall have finished
the work by that time.”
他说:
“
我们将在那时以前完成工作。
”
→He said that they
should have finished the work by that time.
他说他们将在那时前完成工作。
注 意:直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时,
变为间接引语时 ,时态不变。
The teacher said, “The earth
is
round. ”
老师说:
“
地球是圆的。
”
→The teacher said th
at the earth is round.
老师说地球是圆的。
He said, “I
was
born in Shangdong in 1965.”
他说
: “
我
1965
年生于山东。
”
→He said that he
was born in Shangdong in 1965.
他说他
1965
年生于山东。
He said, “Columbus
discovered
America in 1492.”
他说:
“
哥伦布在
1492
年发现了美洲。
”
→He said Columbus
discovered America in 1492.
他说哥伦布在
1492
年发现了美洲。
(
2
)主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时
如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时,直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一律不变
He says, “I
finished
the work.”
他说:
“
我做完工作了。
”
He says that he finished the work.
他说他做完工作了。
He will say, “I
have watered
the flowers.”
他会说:
“
我己经浇花了。
”
He will say he has watered the flowers.
他会说他己经浇花了。
3
、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化
见下表:
直接引语
间接引语
this/these
that/those
指示代词
now
then
today
that day
tonight
that night
this week (month…
)
that week (month…
)
yesterday
the day before
时间状语
last week (month…
)
the week (month…
)before
two weeks (month)ago
two weeks (months)before
tomorrow
the next day
next week (month…
)
the next week (month…
)
here
there
地点状语
come
go
动
词
bring
take
He said, “I met Mr. Smith
this
morning.”
他说
“
我今天早晨见到史密斯了。
”
He said that he had met Mr. Smith
that
morning.
他说他那天早晨见到史密斯了。
He said, “
We went to the cinema
yesterday
.”
他说:
“
我们昨天去电影院了。
”
→
He said they had gone to the cinema
the day before
.
他说前一天他们去电影院了。
Lily said, “
I will come back
next month
.”
莉莉说:
“
我下个月回来。
”
→
Lily said that she would go back
the next month
.
莉莉说她下一个月就回去。
He said, “It is nine o'clock
now
.”
他说:
“
现在九点了。
”
→He said that it was nine o'clock
then
.
他说那时九点了。
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