鹳英语：直接引语变间接引语练习题

2021年1月24日发(作者：祷告会)

直接引语和间接引语详解


引述或转述别人的话称为
“
引语
”
。直接引用别人的原
话，两边用引号
“ “
标出，叫 做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引
号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句 （其中由祈使句转换的间接
引语除外，其转换后是不定式）
。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问 句、特殊疑问
句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状
语 等都要有变化，如何变化呢
?



1
、人称的转变


1
）
直接引语中的第一人称，
一般转换为第三人称，
如：


He said
，
“I am very sorry.” ——
>He said that he was very sorry.


2
）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如：


“You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.——
>

My father told me
that I should be more careful the next time.


3
）直接引语中的第二人称，
如果原话是针对第三 人称说的，
转换成第三人称。
如：


She said to her
son, “I'll check
your homework tonight.” ——
>

She said to her son
that she would check his homework that night.


4
）人称的转换包括人称代词、
物主代词和名词性物主代词等，
如：


He asked me,
“Will
you
go to
the station with
me to
meet
a friend of mine this
afternoon?”
——
>

He asked me whether
I
would go to
the station
with
him to
meet
a friend of his
that
afternoon.

总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。




2
、时态的转换


直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的 谓语动词如果是过去时，从
句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范 畴
的各种时态
（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求）
，
变化如下：


直接引语

间接引语

直
接引语

间接引语


一般现在时

一般过去时

一般过去时

过去完成时


现在进行
时

过去进行时

过去完成时

过去完成时


现在完成时

过去完成时

过去进行时

过去进行时


一般将来时

过去将来时


例如：


“I
am
very
glad
to
visit
your
school”, she said. ——
>

She said she was very glad to visit our school.

Tom said,
“We are listening to the pop music.” ——
>

Tom said that they were listening to the
pop music.

Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?”
——
>

Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV
.

He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?” ——
>

He
aske
d the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.

“Why did she
refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. ——
>

The teacher asked why she had refused
to go there.

Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched
TV?” ——
>

Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched
TV
.

Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday.”
——
>

Tom
said
that
they
were
having
a
football
match
that
time
the
day
before.

He
said
，
“I
haven't heard from my parents
these days.” ——
>

He said that he hadn't heard from
his parents those days.



3
、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况



1
）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，
如：


He always says, “I am tired out.”
——
>He always says that he is tired out.


2
）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：


He will say, “I’ll try my best t
o help
you.” ——
>He will say that he will try his best to help me.


3
）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，
如：


He said, “I went to college in
1994.” ——
>He told us that he went to college in 1994.


4
）当直接引语中有以
when, while
引导的从句，
表示过去的时间时，
如：


He said
，
“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” ——
>

He said that when
he was a child, he usually played football after school.


5
）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，
如：


Our teacher said to us, “Light travels
faster than sound.” ——
>

Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.


6
）当引语是谚语、格言时，如：


He said
，
“Practice makes perfect.” ——
>He said
that practice makes perfect.


7
）当直接引语中有情态动词
should,
would,
could,
had
better,
would
rather,
might,
must, ought to, used to, need
时，如：


例如：


The doctor said, “You'd better drink

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plenty
of
water.”
——
>

The
doctor
said
I'd
better
drink
plenty
of
water.

He
said,
“She must be a teacher.”——> He said that she must be a teacher.

He said, “She ought
to have arrived her office by now.”——
>

He said that she ought to have arrived her
office
by
then.

The
teac
her
said,
“You
needn't
hand
in
your
compositions
today.”——
>

The
teacher
said
we
needn't/didn't
need
to/didn't
have
to
hand
in
our
compositions.

She asked, “Must I take the medicine?”——
> She asked if she had to
take the medicine.

〔注〕
：此处用
had to
代替
must
更好



8
）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述 ，
here
不
必改为
there,
动词
come
不必改为
go
，如果当天转述
yesterday,
tomorrow,
this
afternoon
等均不必改变。如：


Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon.

Student : What did the teacher say, Monitor?

Monitor: He said we might have the ball
game this afternoon.



4
、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化



1
）时间状语：


直接引语

间接引语

直接引语

间接引语

ow
then
tomorrow
the
next
（
following
）
day

today that day next week the next
（
following
）
week
（
month, year
）


yesterday the day before two days ago two days before

last week
（
month, year
）

the
week
（
month, year
）
before this week that week
（
month, year
）



2
）指示代词：
these
变成
those


3
）地点状语：
here
变成
there

She said, “I won't come here any more.”——
> She said
that she wouldn’t go there any more..


4
）动词：
come
变成
go
，bring
变成
take



5
、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化



1）陈述句。用连词
that
引导，
that
在口语中常省略。主句的谓语 动词可直用接引
语中的
said,
也可用
told
来代替，
注意，
可以说
said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that
，
不可直接说
told that,
如：


He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” ——
>He said to
us
that
he
had
been
to
the
Great
Wall.

He
said,
“I'll
give
you
an
examination
next
M
onday.”——
>

He told us
that he would give us an examination
the next
Monday.
（不可说
told
that
）


此外主句中的谓语还常有：


repeat,
whisper,
answer,
reply,
explain, announce, declare, think
等，又如：


He said
，
“I'm late because of the heavy
traffic.”——
> He explained to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic.

如果 间
接引语是由
that
引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后
的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。


The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, You will
be better soon.”——
>

The doctor said
（
that
）
I was not seriously ill and that I would be
better soon.


2
）直接引语为一般疑问句，
（也称是否疑问句，
）间接引语用连词
whe ther
或
if
引
导，原主句中谓语动词
said
要改为< br>asked
（
me/him/us
等）
，语序是陈述句的语序，
这一点非常重要。


He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”——
>

He asked
（
me
）
whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.

He said, “You
are
interested
in
Engl
ish,
aren't
you?”——
>

He
asked
whether
I
was
interested
in
English.

3
）

3
）

直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用
whether…or…
表达，而不用
if…or…
，
也不用
either…or….
如：


He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”——
>

He
asked
me
whether
I
spoke
English
or
French..

I
asked,
“Will
you
take
bus

or
take
train?”——
>

I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.

4
）

4
）直接引语为特殊疑问句，
改成间接引 语时，
原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，
主句的谓语动词用
ask
（
sb.
）
来表达，
语序改为陈述句语序。
如：


He asked
，
“What's
your name?”——
> He asked
（
me
）
what my name was.

He asked us, “How many car
factories have been
built in your country?”——
>

He asked us how many car factories
had been built in our country.



5
）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带
to
的 不定式表达，谓语动词常是
ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request
等。
如
ask sb. to do
，
（由肯定祈使句变成）
ask sb.
not to do
（由否定祈使句转变）
，并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人
称及时态都作相应的变 化。如：


He said
，
“Be seated, please.”——
> He asked us to

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