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meer(word完整版)高考英语完形填空解题技巧和方法

作者:高考题库网
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2021-01-22 09:43
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2021年1月22日发(作者:topright)
高考英语专题复习
























--
完形填空解题技巧指导


.
《高中英语课程标准和考试说明》对高考完形填空的规定:

完 形填空是高考试题中的一个重要部分。完形填空共
20
题,考试时间为
20
分 钟左右,分值为
30
分,占总分

20
%。在两篇题材熟悉、难度适 中的短文
(

350

)
内留有
20
个空 格,每个空格为一题,每题有四个选择
项,要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案,使短文 的意思和结构恢复完整。

完形填空部分的目的是测试学生综合运用语言的能力(测试能力要求 大体接近大学非英语专业二年级水平。



完型填空考查综合运用语言的能力:

1
)词语辨析能力


2
)语法结构分析能力


3
)语篇理解能力


4
)逻辑推理能力

5
)文化背景透析能力

6
)生活常识综合运用能力



二:
完型填空试题主要特点:

1.
通常从一篇
300- 350
词左右,文章中设空
20
个,首句不挖空;


2.
内容完整
,
逻辑性强
,
语言结构严谨。生词少
,
难度适中。


3.
干扰项设计严密
.
一般情况 下,四个选项的词性相同或属于同等或对等范畴,干扰项填入后在
语法上一般不存在错误,对考生有很大 的迷惑作用;


4.
突出语篇
(
语境
)
,强调应用,注重交际;


5.
考察重点多为实词
:
名词

/
代词

/
动词

/


容词

/
副词等;单词为主、短语为辅。


6.
关注语境背景知识
,
侧重上下关联
,
暗示判断能力。


7.
大多富有积极的教育意义,给人以人生的启迪或是充满了生活情趣;


记叙文

对于叙事,
描述类文章。
短文的首句,
往往点明故 事发生的人物
(who),
时间

when


地 点
(where)

和事件
(what)
等背景情况。例:







It was a busy morning

about 8:30,when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital .







……

























议论文

1
、议论文的设题往往多以上下文 为基础,利用承前信息或滞后信息,使读者有所依托。

2
、议论文中表达作者态度或 看法的词较多,所以,试题中对形容词和副词的考查往往也较多。
问题跳跃性较大。我们做题时,既要看 事实,又要感悟作者的态度与情感。


对于论述文,首句表明了论述的主题。起到揭示主题的作用。例如:








A
man
who
knows
how
to
write
a
personal
letter
has
a
very
powerful
tool.
A
letter
can
be
enjoyed, read and


21

.






说明文

说明文直白性较强,脉络清晰。

2
、说明文的层次清晰,整体性强,所以, 递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。只要把握
这些关键,做完形填空便会得心应手,游刃有余。< br>

完形填空总体要求

完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅读理解能力和总体语言水平。

1




解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜测、推断、验证的过程,需要我 们立足语篇环境,树
立全局观念,瞻前顾后,连贯思维,从语境角度来选择答案。


高考完形填空考什么?

1.

词汇题



2.
语法结构



3.
篇章结构
(
语境
)


为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多
?

1.

没有严格 遵循答题步骤
:
很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案,不认真分析通篇文章,
单 纯求快,忽略语篇理解,只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。表面上解题速度挺快,
但是这种见树不 见林的做法只会影响解题的质量和效率。

切记
:
一定要用
2-3< br>分钟时间先进行缺词阅读
,
弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空
.

2.

不注意积累答题技巧
:

a.
忽略文章首句的提示作用;


b.
忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系
;

c.
遇到长句 不注意分析句子结构
,
在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择
.
3.
时间安排不当
:
在几个选项上过分纠缠,追求完美,导致许多本可以做出的题 来不及做。


切记
:
正确的做法是由易到难,先做会做的,再考虑较难的。

强烈推荐

如尚有几题题目不确定可将某题的可能的两项填入空格
,
然后快速地整句整段地默读
,
选择某一项习惯或短语或动宾搭配读起来较流畅的
.


.
解题方法:

总的原则
:

先完意,后完形。

十六字方针:上下通气

,瞻前顾后,左顾右盼,前后照应




三步曲:




——

——



.
完形填空具体解题步骤

通览
------
选填
-----
复核


1
通览
----
速读全文,把握大意


跳格快速阅读一下全文,通过通览全文、领会大意,概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容等等。




2
选填
----
紧扣文意,瞻前顾后


先易后难,逐层深入 。紧扣全文内容,联系上下文和语境,展开逻辑推理,注意从上下文中寻找
线索,注意词汇的意义、搭配 ,惯用法,语法,常识等多个角度进行综合考,选项入格。

3
复核
----
全面检查,确保语意连贯,用词准确

复读全文验证答案。带着答案把全文再通读一遍

,注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否 做到文章
意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。


完形填空之解题技巧
-----Basic skills of cloze

细读文章的第一句话

高考完形填空选文的第一句话通常是完整的。该句往往就是主题句(
Topic Senten ce

,这就为我
们理解文章的内在联系提供了一个“窗口”
,它的句意往往 为全文提供中心信息,能直接概括全
文大意、揭示主题。




充分重视首句的标示作用,利用它为解题找到一个突破口,据此展开思维,争取开局胜利。


一:词汇题

1.

上下文和前后句的提示(复现、同
/
近义词、反义词)


2

1.( 2010
北京卷
)Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my





37





. She wanted to know how I
thought …… She believed I had opinions, so I began to

…….

37. n












sion




ation









ion

语境
-
原词重现

2. (2010
陕西卷)

I had some


28


in my pocker, but I would not give them to him, thinking to
myself he would


29


only




use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol.

28.




A. chocolates









B. coins













C. tins















D. drugs
语境
-
同义词、近义词复现

3. Many old people don’t have good ____. They can’t watch TV,
but they can listen to music or news
over the radio .
A

hearing





B

health






C


eyesight








D

time
4. Some parts of the water are very

shallow. But in some places it is very, very______.


A. deep














C. cold









D. dangerous
5. Chinese government challenged local shools to conduct experiments in- educationreform. And then
Renda Fuzhong Xisan School in Beijing stepped up to the_______.

A.

charges









B. exchange




C. challenge






D. experience
语境
-
原词重现
(
词性变化
)
6. … and then both ended up from the same high school. Just three weeks before_____, Bill asked
Mark if they could talk.(2003
北京)

A


graduation






B

movement




C

separation







D

vacation
7

The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. Holding springs and
streams sometimes means control, particularly in the



22





areas like the desert.

22

A

dry
B

distant

C

deserted

D

wild

8

The correct water supply forecast is based more on the water from the



34




than from the
below.

34

A

clouds

B

sky
C

air

D

above

9

In 1964 Shirley graduated from Gallaudet and looked for _44_.She wanted to be independent and
work full time.



ation



C.a job


assistant
10. The stone men face 41,rather than out to sea, and their

eyes are focused upon the sky.

41. A. forward



B. outward




C. onward










D. inward
art experts who work at the gallery say they

used modern chemistry technology to 45 the paint on the picture. These checks found traces(
痕迹
) of
paint deep in the picture dating from about 1814.
45.

A. try

B. remove

C. wash

D. check
词汇题

2.
词语的习惯用法和固定搭配


3

1.

2010
全国
I) …The nurse had him take a



36


in the waiting area,

37(telling)

him it would
be at least 40 minutes



38(before)


someone would be able to see him .




36

A. breath






B. test




C. seat








D. break

语境
-
固定搭配

city(Washington) was named___George Washington, the first president of the United



States.


A. by








B. for



C. as






D. after
3. It was 4 o’clock when the front doorbell rang. Mrs Clarke was ____tea at the time.

A.


cooking








B. making




C. burning








D. serving
4. Mark____ down and helped the boy pick up these articles.(2003
北京



50
小题)



















B. sat

















D. knelt
5. …

,

but they are _____ damage to our houses and shops of historical interest,’’ Said John
Norris,one of the protesters.

NMET1999

30

)
A .doing

















B.



raising














C.

putting













D.


producing

’d


36


his life brewing beer for local breweries only to make a living,


37


had his father
and grand

father before him.

36

A. cost

B. spent

C. take

D. paid


37

A. like

B. as if



C. so



D. nor
7. On April 12, 1888, Alfred’s brother Ludwig died of heart attack.

A major French newspaper ___ his
brother for him and…

A.

found





B. misunderstood
C. mistook












D. judged
能与“
A for B”
搭配的在四个选项中只有选项
C, mistake A for B
意为“误以为
A

B
,把
A
错当成
B”
。注意:
mistake-mistook-mistaken

词汇题

3.
根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义

1.(2010
江苏卷
) My father


36


me to her with these words:“I would like you to meet the fellow
who is ……



























d



uced



语境
-
词义辨析

2.(2010
全国
I

The happiest people don’t


53(necessarily )

have the best of everything

they just

54



the best of everything they have .







54 A. learn




B make










语境
-
词义辨析

3. The boy was ___ ① ____ the water and his canoe was _②___ away.










A.

on

















B.

within














C.

in


















D.

under



















































A.

running










B.

floating













C.

flowing










D.

pulling

4. With her slow and clumsy reactions, she would surely ____ her team.
4

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