catalyst英语翻译第八单元

2021年1月16日发(作者：项叔翔)


Chapter Eight
Translation of English for Science and Technology《科技英语翻译》
1) 纯专业技术词汇(Pure ST Terms)
The lacuna between the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age once supposed to be
a real hiatus, is being filled by a Middle Stone Age.
旧石器时代和新石器时代之间的空隙曾经被认为是个一个真正的间隔，现在被中石器时代所填补。

3) 半科技词汇(Semi- ST Terms)
The operation is carried out under a general anaesthetic.
该手术是在全身麻醉情况下实施的。
Each element defines the configuration of an operation in the service.
每个元素定义服务中一个操作的配置。
Concentration
There's been too much concentration of power in the hands of central authorities.
权力一直过多地集中在中央机构手中。
Electrode potential depends on the concentration of the ions.
电极电位决定于离子浓度。
The determination of trace concentrations of mercury in minerals is described.
文章论述矿物中痕量汞的测定。

6）创新词语
Researchers found the heart emoji appeared billions of times a day across the
world.
研究者们发现全世界每天会出现几十亿个心形表情符号。
includes
We start with base money and then we'll have what's called M-1, which
cheque accounts, demand deposits of banks ... and then M-2 which will include some
savings deposits, some time deposits.
首先是基本货币供应量，其次是所谓的M-1，货币供应量一，包括支票帐户、 银行的活期存款等
等。然后是货币供应量二，包括一些活期储蓄帐户和定期存款。

1) 大量的名词化结构（More Nominalization）
地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜变化。
The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night.
阿基米德最先发现固体排水的原理．
Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid
bodies.
(1) 用这种方法测试机器会损失一些功率。
The testing of machines by this method entails some loss of power.
(2) 在沸水中加入2%的碳酸钠(sodium carbonate)会增加杀菌效果。
The addition of 2 percent sodium carbonate to boiling water increases the
bactericide effect.
(3) 滚动摩擦代替滑动摩擦会大幅减少摩擦力。


The substitution of some rolling friction for sliding friction results in
a very considerable reduction in friction.

工程设计质量管理探索及实践
Exploration and Practice in the Quality Management of Engineering Design
低渗透气藏气井的生产规律研究
A Study of the Production Rules of the Gas Wells in Low Permeability Gas
Reservoirs
1.影响销售额的统计分析
Statistic analysis of influential factors on sales ?．
2. 对高校人力资源开发利用的几点思考
Several thoughts on developing and using human resources in colleges and
universities
3. 语言和与语言相关的学科的相互交叉研究
An interacting study between language and language-related disciplines
4.质量管理和设计质量考核量化研究
A Quantative Study on the Design Quality Management and Assessment
5.学习困难学生的学习动机及教学策略心理学研究
A Psychological Research on Learning Motivation and Teaching Strategies for Poor
Students

大量使用后置定语也是科技文章的特点之一。常见的结构：
1) 介词短语
Documents for the World Wide Web are written in HTML.
万维网的文档是用HTML(超文本标记语言)编写而成的。
The shape of the electron spectrum in beta decay is not dominated by properties
of the matrix element.
β衰变的电子谱的形状不取决于矩阵元的性质。
液体的压力与容器壁垂直。
Pressure in a liquid is at right angles to the walls of container.
2) 形容词及形容词短语
In this factory the only fuel available is coal.
该厂唯一可用的燃料是煤。
Engine revolution should not exceed the maximum permissible.
发动机转速不应超过所允许的最大数值。

形容词后置定语
英语中，少数形容词作定语时，须放在被修饰的词之后，可分为如下几种情况：
1）一些前缀a-构成的形容词：
2) 以-able或-ible 后缀结尾的形容词
3）形容词修饰不定代词，该形容词要后置
4)形容词与all, only, every等词或形容词最高级连用修饰名词时
该公司已开发出了适合于这项技术的软件。
The company has developed software adaptable to this technique.


In radiation, thermal energy is transformed into radiant energy, similar in
nature to light.
热能在辐射时，转换成性质与光相似的辐射能。
成长为整个生物体所需的全部信息都存在于一个细胞内。
All of the information necessary to build a whole organism resides within a
single cell.
没有足以克服阻力的力，静止的物体绝不会运动。
Without forces sufficient to overcome the resistance, bodies at rest will never
move.
翻译练习
We'll do everything possible to improve the supply of electricity.
1. 我们将尽一切努力来改善电力供应。
The gear teeth should have the strength sufficient to operate.
2. 齿轮的齿必须具备足够的运转强度。
Scientists have found a method of measurement suitable for coastal areas.
3. 科学家们已经找到了一种适合沿海地区的测量方法。

分词后置定语
）当强调动作，表示“一时一事”时，分词放在名词后较多。1．
2)名词前有only，very，the first，the last等词或有形容词最高级时，分词放在名词后
3）如果被修饰的词不定代词或指示代词those等时，分词要放在被修饰的词的后面。
4)有时单个分词放在名词前或后，意义有很大的区别
We agreed to meet at a given time and place.?
我们同意在规定的时间和地点见面。
Fill in each of the blanks with the proper form of the verb given.
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
A direct current (DC) is a current flowing always in the same direction.
直流电是一种总是沿同一方向流动的电流。
The car will be guided by a differential GPS system that corrects errors arising
in global positioning satellite signals。
这款汽车将由一个特异的GPS系统来导航，该系统能够纠正全球定位卫星信号出现的错误。
一些对决定最终净收益数额会有影响的项目，则可能与企业的主要经营无关。
Some business items affecting the determination of a final net income amount
may not relate to the primary operating activity of the business.

翻译下列句子
1. The results obtained must be checked.
1. 获得的结果必须加以校核。
2. The heat produced is equal to the electrical energy wasted.
2. 产生的热量等于浪费了的电能。
3. Accounting is an information system necessitated by the great complexity of
modern business.
3. 会计是现代商业巨大复杂性所必须的信息系统。
在价值链的任何一点上所作出的决策都会在以后的每一点上发生影响。4.


4. Decision made at any point of the value chain can have an impact on every
subsequent point.
5.光所产生的颜色感觉完全是由产生光的波长所决定的。
5. The color sensation produced by light depends simply on the length of wave
producing the light.
Any claim by the buyers regarding the goods shipped shall be filed within15 days
after arrival of the goods at the port of destination specified in the relative Bill
of Lading and supported by a survey report issued by the notary authority approved
by the seller.
买方对于装运货物的任何索赔, 必须于货到提单规定的目的地15天内提出, 并须提供经卖方同
意的公证机构出具的检验报告。

4) 不定式短语后置定语
The best way to achieve this is by using existing internet standards.
实现这一点的最佳方法就是使用现有的因特网语言标准。
世界的热带地区在寻找新能源的竞赛中将会领先一步。
The tropical parts in the world would have a head start in the race to find new
energy sources.
Numerical control machines are most useful when quantities of products to be
produced are low or medium.
少量或中量地生产产品时,数控机是极为有用的。
There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further
reductions in vehicle emissions is to replace conventional diesel and gasoline with
cleaner-burning fuels.
人们逐渐认识到实现车辆尾气排放更进一步减少的唯一有效方法是用燃烧更为清洁的燃 料代替
传统的柴油和汽油。

翻译下列句子
Flame- spraying is the most versatile way to apply hard- surface coatings.
1. 火焰喷射法是涂硬表层的最常用方法。
A good oil storage to be found at a reasonable depth would rarely happen to the
“black gold” industry.
2.“黑金”行业在合理的深度发现不错的油藏的光景将很难出现了。
3. 通常这种电压用于负载时不必先滤波。
Usually there is no necessity to filter this voltage before applying it to the
load.
4. 下表所列数字充分说明汽车尾气的危害。
The figures to be listed in the following table will fully demonstrate the hazard
from automobile exhaust.

5）定语从句
During construction, problems often arise which require design changes.
在施工过程中，常会出现需要改变设计的问题。
The molecules exert forces upon each other, which depend upon the distance


between them.
分子相互间都存在着力的作用，该力的大小取决于它们之间的距离。

定语从句翻译练习
1. 技术力图为科学所发现的新思想找到应用。
1. Technology tries to find applications for new ideas which science discovers.
2. 光的频率高于无线电波和微波，这就使它具有更大的信息运载能力。
2. Light has a higher frequency than radio waves or microwaves, which gives
it a greater information carrying capacity.
3. 在每一块磁铁的周围都有一个磁力作用的区域。
3. Surrounding every magnet there is a region where magnetic forces act.
在电还没有被发现的年代里，人们不知道有导体和绝缘体。4.
4. In those years when electricity had not been discovered, people knew nothing
of conductors and insulators.
5. Refining petroleum is a complex series of steps by which the original crude
material is eventually converted into salable products with the desired qualities
and, perhaps more important, in the amounts dictated by the market.
5.石油炼制包含一系列复杂的过程。通过这 些过程，石油原料最终转化成为可销售的产品。这些
产品在质量上符合人类需要，而更重要的是它们在数 量上符合市场要求。
6. Detailed knowledge of the mineralogy of reservoirs enables estimates to be
made of the rate at which they may lose porosity during burial, and this detailed
mineralogical information is essential for the accurate interpretation of
geophysical well logs through reservoirs.
6.储层矿物学的详细知识可以(帮助我们 )估计出在埋藏过程中孔隙度损失的速率。这样详细的矿
物组分资料对于准确地解释储层地球物理测井非 常必要。

1) 往往使用分词短语代替状语从句；
由于结构特殊，这些化合物具有一个特殊性质。
Being special in structure, these compounds have a special property.
Knowing the strength, it is possible to work backward and determine what factor
of safety was used.
由于知道其强度，便可以反过来求出所用的安全系数值。
热量由地球辐射出来时，使得气流上升。
Radiating from the earth, heat causes air currents to rise.
当照在不透明的物体上时，光或是被吸收或是被反射。
Striking an opaque object, the light is either absorbed or reflected.
Sent out and meeting an obstacle, short waves are reflected.
短波发送出去，遇到障碍就反射回来。
电子一旦带电了，就会发生转移。
Charged, the electrons are transferred.
碳在氧或空气中燃烧，便形成了二氧化碳。
Carbon burns in oxygen or air, forming carbon dioxide.
使某种液体在冰箱的管子中循环，从而带走食物中的热量。
A liquid is made to circulate through the pipes in refrigerators, picking up