赠送考研英语(阅读)-试卷124

2021年1月9日发(作者：柯蓝)
考研英语（阅读）-试卷124
(总分：60.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、 Reading Comprehension(总题数：6，分数：60.00)
n II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）
______________ __________________________________________________ __________________________
解析：
ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by
choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）
_________________________ __________________________________________________ _______________
解析：
Give the Senate some credit: in shaping the current immigration-reform bill, it has come up with
one idea that almost everybody hates. That
workers—immigrants who would be allowed to work in the U.S. for three two-year stretches, at
most, provided that they return home for a year after each visit. Conservatives dislike the plan
because they believe that the guest workers wonreturn home after their visas expire. Liberals
dislike it because they believe the program will depress American wages and trap guest workers
in a state of serfdom. The only vocal supporters of the provision are businesses that rely heavily
on immigrant labor, and they
concerns about the effects of illegal immigration, the hostility to the new plan is understandable.
It
viable alternative. Opponents of immigration sometimes imply that adding workers to a workforce
automatically brings wages down. But immigrants tend to work in different industries than native
workers, and have different skills, and so they often end up complementing native workers, rather
than competing with them. That can make native workers more productive and therefore better off.
According to a recent study by the economists Gianmarco Ottaviano and Giovanni Peri, between 1990
and 2004 immigration actually boosted the wages of most American workers; its only negative effect
was a small one, on the wages of workers without a high-school diploma. And if by increasing the
number of legal guest workers we reduced the number of undocumented workers, the economy would
benefit even more. Guest workers are also, paradoxically, less likely than illegal immigrants
to become permanent residents. The U.S. already has a number of smaller—and less
well- designed—temporary-worker programs, and there
routinely overstay their visas. One remarkable study found that after border enforcement was
stepped up in 1993 the chances of an illegal immigrant returning to his homeland to stay fell
by a third. In fact, whatever benefits the guest-worker program brought to the U.S. economy or
to particular businesses, the biggest winners would be the workers themselves. Congress, of course,
is under no obligation to care about foreign workers. But the programcosts to American workers
are negligible, the gains for the guest workers are enormous, and the U.S. economy will benefit.
This is that rare option which is both sensible and politically possible.（分数：10.00）
(1).In Paragraph 2, the author holds that the guest-worker program will（分数：2.00）
great concerns about illegal immigration.
a sensible way to solve the immigration problems. √
hazardous to the improvement of working structure.
fierce competitions to local laborers.
解析：解析：观点态度题。根据 题目定位到第二段，作者认为临时客工计划是“如今政治上可行的最好方
案”，并会与本国工人形成互补 ，因此B项正确。A项是对第二段第一句话的歪曲理解，因为对移民问题
的关注本来就存在，并不是该计 划引起的；C项说该计划会危害到劳工结构的改进；D项说将给本国劳工带
来激烈的竞争，这显然与文章 原意相反。
(2).Gianmarco Ottaviano and Giovanni Peri point out that immigration（分数：2.00）
immune from negative effects.
lead to economic prosperity and social stability.
enhanced wages of most American workers. √
root out illegal documentation of workers.
解析： 解析：观点态度题。根据人名定位到第三段，可知吉安马可·欧塔维诺和乔凡尼.佩里所做的研究表
明移 民实际上使本国工人的薪资上涨，只对少数没有高中文凭的美国人的收入产生轻微的负面影响，因此
C项 正确。A项“不会产生负面影响”表达太绝对，且与事实不符；B项“导致经济繁荣和社会稳定”在文
中 未提及；D项“将会彻底根除工人的非法入境”是对原文意思的夸大理解。
(3).Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 4?（分数：2.00）
l immigrants have more chances to stay permanently in the U.S. than guest workers. √
stepped-up border control, illegal immigrants are more likely to stay in their homeland.
s in temporary-worker programs usually pay no attention to their visa duration.
workers will not stay too long because of the enhanced border enforcement.
解析：解析：事实细节题，考 查段落细节。根据第四段第一句话可知，临时客工比非法移民在美国永久定
居的可能性更小，所以反过来 讲，非法移民在美国永久定居的可能性更大。因此A项正确。B项“边境执
法严格更有可能会让非法移民 待在自己国家”、C项“临时客工计划的工人通常对签证有效期不关注”均
与原文内容相反：D项“因为 边境执法严格临时客工不会待太久”无原文依据。
(4).The plan of creating a new class of （分数：2.00）
aroused criticism from conservatives, liberals and the business world.
allowed immigrants to work in the U.S. for six consecutive years.
benefit both businesses and immigrant labor employers. √
give people a good reason to treat such workers as slaves.
解析：解析：事实细节题。最后一段 提到，该计划使得临时客工极大受益，美国经济也将得益，且美国工
人几乎不需为该计划付出任何代价， C项内容与之符合。A项中的business world不属于批评该计划的人
群，因此错误：B项 说移民者可以连续在美国工作六年，这与该计划规定的每两年要回国一年不符：D项内
容只是自由派反对 该计划的一个理由，并不是一定会产生这个后果，因此过于武断。
(5).What is the author（分数：2.00）
ible.
e.
erent.
ble. √
解析：解析：观点态度题。全文第一句话就体现了作者对参议院临时客工计划 的肯定，而通读全文会发现
作者试图纠正人们对于该计划和临时客工这一群体的误解，最后一句话更是将 该计划誉为“既明智、政治
上又可行的难得之选”，因此D项符合作者态度。A项“不予重视”、B项“ 含糊的”以及C项“冷漠的”
与作者对于该计划鲜明的支持立场明显不符。
Don
software, a do-it-yourself spook can now wirelessly transfer a wiretapping program to any mobile
phone. The programs are inexpensive, and the transfer requires no special skill. The would-be
spy needs to get his hands on your phone to press keys authorizing thedownload,but ittakes just
a few minutes—about the time needed to download a ringtone. This new generation of user-friendly
spy-phone software has become widely available in the last year—and it confers stunning powers.
The latest programs can silently turn on handset microphones even when no call is being made,
allowing a spy to listen to voices in a room halfway around the world. Targets are none the wiser
neither call logs nor phone bills show records of the secretly transmitted data. More than 200
companies sell spy-phone software online, at prices as low as $$50. Vendors are loath to release
sales figures. But some experts claim that a surprising number of people carry a mobile that has
been compromised, usually by a spouse, lover, parent or co-worker. Many employees, experts say,
hope to discover a supervisor
Maiellaro, head of Agata Christie Investigation, a private-investigation firm in Milan, estimates
that 3 percent of mobiles in France and Germany are tapped, and about 5 percent or so in Greece,
Italy, Romania and Spain. James Atkinson, a spy-phone expert at Granite Island Group, a security
consultancy in Gloucester, Massachusetts, puts the number of tapped phones in the U.S. at 3 percent.
Even if these numbers are inflated, clearly many otherwise law-abiding citizens are willing to
break wiretapping laws. Spyware thrives on iPhones, BlackBerrys and other smart phones because
they have ample processing power. In the United States, the spread of GSM networks, which are
more vulnerable than older technologies, has also enlarged the pool of potential victims. Spyware
being developed for law-enforcement agencies will accompany a text message and automatically
install itself in the victimphone when the message is opened, according to an Italian developer
who declined to be identified. One worry is that the software will find its way into the hands
of criminals. The current embarrassment is partly the result of decisions by Apple, Microsoft
and Research In Motion (producer of the BlackBerry) to open their phones to outside
application-software developers, which created the opening for spyware. Antivirus and security
programs developed for computers require too much processing power, even for smart phones.
Although security programs are available for phones, by and large users havengiven the threat
much thought. If the spying keeps spreading, that may change soon.（分数：10.00）
(1).The cell phone may be eavesdropping in that（分数：2.00）
software industry has created a do-it-yourself program.
spy phone software requires no special skills or knowledge.
C.a recent software can transfer a wiretapping program to other phones. √
download the spy phone software is as easy as pressing keys.
解析：解析：事实细节题。根据eavesdroppinlg 可定位到文章第一段，原文说，由于最近“手机监听”软
件的发展，自制的窃听装置现在可以将窃听程序 无线传输到任何移动电话上，C与之相符。A项“软件行业
已经制造出自制程序”。原文并未提及该信息 ；B项错在or knowledge，原文没有说窃听软件不需要相关
知识；D项说，下载手机窃听软 件就如同按键一样简单，原文提到，下载这种窃听软件需按一下执行下载
任务的键并等几分钟，D与原文 不符。
(2).Which of the following is true of the （分数：2.00）

can be downloaded to the phone for free.
download takes less than the time of downloading a ringtone.
targets are totally unaware that they are spied. √
解析：解析：事 实细节题。第二段末句提到，被监听的人对此是一无所知的：不管是通话记录还是手机账
单都不会有秘密 传输数据的记录，D项与之相符。文中第一段的确有提到监听软件价格便宜，但同时也指
出使用软件无需 特别的技巧，故A项中的complicated“复杂的”显然与事实背道而驰；同样，价格便宜
并不 是for free“免费”的意思，故B项错误；此外文中还提到下载监听软件的时间大约等同于下载一曲手机铃声的时间，C项与原文相悖，故排除。
(3).In pointing out figures related to compromised mobiles, the author suggests that（分数：
2.00）
unexpected number of people are being eavesdropped. √
employees hope to discover the boss
popularity of spy-phone software results from low prices.
-abiding people become the victims of spy phone.
解析：解析：推理判断题。根据compromised mobiles定位 到第三段。此处引用数字是为了说明前面提到
的：有许多人的手机都被监听了，故选A项。文中提到许多 雇员希望发现上级主管的违规行为，而非B项
中的boss“老板”，对象错误；原文并没有提到价格低 廉是监听软件流行的原因，故C项错误；此外文中
提到奉公守法的公民甘愿违反窃听法，D项中却指出遵 纪守法的公民沦为监听软件的受害者，显然与事实
不符。
(4).According to Paragraph 4, Spyware（分数：2.00）