Lear>
李尔王
;
麦克白
④
Shakespeare Sonnet
:
154
Three
quatrain and one couplet,
ababcdcdefefgg
三、
Francis
?
Bacon
弗兰西斯?培根
1561~1626
Bacon
’
s quote
1
、
knowledge is
power
知识就是力量。
2
、
Beauty
is
as
summer
fruits,
which
are
easy
to
corrupt,
and
cannot
last;
and for the most part it makes a dissolute youth,
and an age
a little out of countenance
美犹如盛夏的水果，是容易腐烂而难保持
的，世上有许多美人，
她们有过放荡的青春，却迎受着愧悔的晚年。
3
、
Natural
abilities are like natural plants, that need
pruning
by study; and studies
themselves do give forth directions too much
at large, except they be bounded in by
experience.
天生的能力好像
天然生成的植物，必须通过学习加以修整；然而学习本身如若不由实践去约
束，必然
方向纷杂而漫无目的。
4
、
Virtue is like
a rich stone, best plain set
美德好比宝石，在
朴素背景的衬托下反而更华丽。
评价
?
the founder of English materialist
philosophy.
?
The
founder of modern science in England.
?
a
representative of the English renaissance.
?
a well-known
philosopher, scientist and essayist.
Bacon
’
s
works
establish
and
popularize
an
inductive
methodology
for
scientific inquiry,
often called the
Baconian
method
. Induction
（归纳
<
br>法
）
implies
drawing
knowledge
from
the
natural
world
through
experimentation, observation, and
testing of hypotheses.
（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知
识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一
著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科
学的先驱。
）
Philosopher, scientist, lay the
foundation for modern science.
The
first
English
essayist.
?
马克思称他为“
英国唯物主义及现代实验科学之父”
Writing style:
brevity,
compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and
enriching by
Biblical allusions,
metaphors and philosophy to
man
’
s reason.
作品：
①
<
The
Advancement of Learning>
学术的推
进，总结了前人的一切知识，并进
行归类。
<
br>②
<
Essays>
随笔
③
<
new
instrument>
新工具，阐述了归纳法
④
<
new
Atlantis>
新大西岛，是乌托邦性质的作品
十七世纪英国诗人
John
Donne
the Metaphysical
poet(17
世纪玄学派诗人
)
?
English poet, preacher
?
He was the most outstanding
of the English Metaphysical Poets
作品
：
?
Songs and Sonnets
《歌与十四行诗》
The Flea
《跳蚤》
The Good-
Morrow
《早安》
Break
of Day
《破晓》
?
Epithalamions, or marriage
songs
《颂歌》
?
Elegies
《挽歌》
On
His Mistress
To His Mistress Going to
bed
?
Divine poems
《圣歌》
?
Holy Sonnets
《神圣十四行诗》
At the Round Earth
’
s
Imagined Corner, Below
Death Be Not
Proud
Artistic features:
1.
conceits or
imagery
奇思妙喻
2.
syllogism
三段论
John
Milton
约翰?弥尔顿
1608~1674
John Milton
was an English
poet,
政论家，
polemicist
(
辩论家）
He
is
best
known
for
his epic
poem
Paradise Lost,
which
is
considered
as
the greatest English literary epic.
评价：
William
Hayley's
1796
biography
called
him
the
greatest
English
author
.
He
remains generally regarded
English
language and as a thinker of world
importance.
写作的
3<
/p>
个主题
:
?
Church government
?
Divorce
?
Republicanism
作品
：
?
1637
：
Lycidas
《利西达斯》
?
1650
：
Areopagitica
《为英国人民声辩》
?
1667: Paradise
Lost
《失乐园》是无韵体
?
1671: Paradise
Regained
《复乐园》
?
1671: Samson
Agonistes
《力士参孙》
This sonnet is written in iambic
pentameter rhymed in
abba abba cde
cde
, typical of Italian
sonnet.
Its
theme
is
that
people
use
their
talent
for
God,
and
they
serve
him
best who can endure the suffering best.
冒险小说作家
Daniel
Defoe
丹尼尔?笛福
1660~1731
小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说
的奠基人。
He
started The Review,
a political and literary magazine in prison. 1704<
/p>
年，他创办《评论》杂志，这是英国第一份定期出版的社会和政治刊物。
<
br>
评价
：
?
He is called
“The Father of the English
fiction”（英国小说之
父）
考，填空
He
is
the
first
writer
study
of
the
lower-class
people,
his
language
is
smooth,
easy,
colloquial
and
mostly
vernacular,
and
he
is
the
founder
of
realistic novel.
作品：
①
The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of
Robinson Crusoe
鲁宾逊漂流记
It praises the fortitude of the human
labor and the Puritan.
Robinson grew
from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and
hardened
man,tempered by numerous
trials in his eventful life.
It
is
an
adventure
story,
Robinson,
narrates
how
he
goes
to
sea,
gets
shipwrecked
and
marooned
on
a
lonely
island,
struggles
to
live
for
24-years there and
finally gets relieved and returns to England.
②
Captain Singleton
《辛格顿船长》
③
Moll Flanders
《摩尔·弗兰德斯》
④
A Journal of the Plague
Year
《大疫年日记》
⑤
Roxana
《罗克萨娜》
Jonathan
Swift
乔纳森?斯威夫特
1667~1745
十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家
a master
satirist
。
作品：
A Tale of a
Tub
《一只桶的故事》
The
battle of the Books
《书籍之战》
The Drapier’s Letter 《布商来信》
A Modest Proposal
《一个温和的建议》
Gulliver‘s Trave
ls
《格列佛游记》
Four
parts:
Lilliput
小人国
Brobdingnag
大人国
Flying
Island
飞岛
Houyhnhnm
马岛
浪漫主义诗人一
William
Blake
威廉?布莱克
1757~1827