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英国文学总结一览表

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2021-03-03 22:30
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2021年3月3日发(作者:soccer)



英国的文学复习资料





1 Old and medieval period


中古时期的文学






1 The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)



The Story of Beowulf


《贝奥武甫》:


the poetry represents the highest achievement of the old english.






2 The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)



Canto


诗章








romance


传奇文学



代表作:




Sir Gawain and the Green Knight



》高文爵士和绿衣骑士



是一首押头韵的长诗





3 Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)


杰弗里


.


乔叟






1



the father of English poetry and english fiction


英国诗歌之父






2



heroic couplet


英雄双韵体


a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(


押韵


) lines in iambic pentameter(


五步抑扬格


)





3


、代表作:



the Canterbury Tales



坎特伯雷的故事



(


英国文学史的开端


)



大致内容:


the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social



groups.



朝圣者都是来自英


国的各地的人


,


代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体







小说特点:


each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character.






这些叙 述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事,无形中表明了各自的观点,展示了各自的性格。







小说观点



he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(


迷信


) and a blind belief in fate(



目地相信命运


).


他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。









4 Popular Ballads


大众民谣





a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(


笔记


)




Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(


书上


).




歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲


,


一直保存着口头传播的方式







代表人物



Bishop Thomas Percy


托马斯


.


帕希主教



Robin Hood and Allin-a- Dale


罗宾汉和阿林代尔






2



The Renaissance


文艺复兴时期的文学


(14


世纪到


16


世纪中期


)




Greek and Roman




戏剧



drama


诗章



canto







总述:


The term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical (Greek and Roman) arts and sciences. English literature developed with a


great speed in Elizabethan period. The most distinctive achievement is the


drama.


the


lyrical poetry


(


抒情诗


)also develops and is remarkable for its


variety


and


freshness


and


romantic feelings.



文艺复兴最初是指经典艺术和科学在英国的复兴。


< p>
戏剧发展最为明显,抒情诗也发展较快以其多样,新鲜和浪漫的感情著称。



(


文艺复兴,斯宾塞诗体,夸饰文体


p 104)


1



key work: humanism


人文主义:



admire human beauty and human achievement






代表作家






诗歌


poem




1) Thomas Wyatt


托马斯


.


怀亚特



引入十四行诗的第一人



he is the most interesting poet of the first half of 16


th


ventury and the first to introduce


the sonnet into english literature.




son net(


十四行诗


)




form of poetry intricately rhymed(


间隔押韵


) in 14 lines iambic pentameter





2) sir Philip Sidney


菲利普



锡德尼爵士

< br>1554-1586


英格兰诗人








Astrophel and stella


》爱星者与星




apology for poetry


》诗辩





3) Edmund Spenser

埃德蒙


.


斯宾塞



poet’s poet(


诗人中的诗人


)


poet laureate


桂冠诗人








The Fairy Queen


》仙后


(epic poem


史诗


)



the Shephearde's calendar


》牧羊人日历





散文


prose





1)



Thomas More


托马斯



莫尔


1478 -1535



utopia


》乌托邦:


ideal society





2) Francis Bacon


佛朗西斯



培根,


1561-1626








He was England's first essayist ,his essays are the first true english prose classic,


他是第一为英国散文作家,他的散文是第一个真正的


英国散


文经典





essays


》随笔





3) John Lyly


约翰



黎里



英国


1553-1606




eupheus


》尤弗伊斯

< br>



euphuism


夸饰文体







戏剧


drama





1) Christopher Marlowe


克里斯托弗


.


马洛< /p>



blank verse(


无韵体:不押韵的五步抑扬格


)


是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式。







He was the greatest playwright before Shakespeare and the most gifted of the


大学才子,


he first made blank verse the principle


instrument of english works paved the way for the plays of the greatest english dramatist :Shakespeare






2



William


Shakespeare


威廉姆


.< /p>


莎士比亚



1564-1616


莎士比亚是英国文学史上最具影响力的作家,也是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的剧作


家,


他将英国戏剧创作推向顶峰,


他主张戏剧不受三一 律:


the three unities


束缚,


他的十四行诗代表着伊丽莎白时期诗歌创作的最高成就,


围绕友情和爱情两个 方面,采用抑扬格五音部


lambic pentameter.


在他


22


年创作生涯中,共有


37< /p>


戏剧,


154


十四行诗和两首长诗。







四大悲 剧:


Hamlet(


哈姆雷特


)



Othello(


奥赛罗

< br>)



King Lear(


李尔 王


)



The Tragedy of Macbeth(


麦克白


)






四大戏剧



a midsummer night's dream


》仲夏夜之梦《


as you like it


》皆大欢喜《


merchant of Venice


》威尼斯商人《


the twelfth n




ight


》第


十二夜






3) ben Johnson




琼森


1572-1637



Volpone


》狐狸



3 the period of Revolution and Restoration (17


世纪


)


资产阶级革命与王权复辟




文学特点:


the Puritans(


清教徒


) believed in simplicity of life



disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry



breaking up of old id eals.


清教徒崇


尚俭朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、与 旧思想脱离。



玄学


metaphys ical


和骑士派


cavalier poets





代表人物:







诗人




1)



John Milton


约翰


.


弥尔顿



a great poet


诗人





poem


诗歌



blank verse


无韵诗



stylist


文体作家)








Defense for the English People


》为英国人辩护








Paradise Lost


》失乐 园:贝奥武夫之后最伟大的英国史诗《


Paradise Regained


》复乐园




samson agonistes


》力士叁孙、





2)



John Donne


约翰


.


多恩



“metaphysical”poets (


玄学派诗人


)


的创始人物



sonnet


十四行诗






Death be not proud




死亡你别骄傲





a valediction:forbidding mourning


》分别:莫忧伤





3




George Herbert



乔治



赫伯特



1593-1633






He is



of god


它被称为玄学派


圣人,最虔诚的英国国教牧师,认为诗人应该歌颂神的荣耀《


the altar


》祭坛《


easter wings


》复活节的翅膀



散文家






1



John Bunyan


约翰


.


拜扬



a great prose writer “give us the only great allegory(


寓言


)”







He is the most important one in the field of pro writing of the Puritan age ,he is known for his simple and lively prose style which is molded after


the Bible,his language is easy to read ,colloquial ,and form of his writing is allegorical,realistic and true to l ife


班扬是清教徒时期地位


最高的散文家,文风仿照圣经,简 单生动,语言口语化,简洁易懂,写作采用寓言的形式,忠于生活




the


Pilgrim’s Progress


》天路历程




该书采用的写作手法


“written in the old


-fashioned(


旧体形式


), medieval form of allegory(


比喻


) and dream”


主旨:


every Christian has to take in


his inner heart a journey in order to be saved.


4 The Age of Enlightenment (18


世纪


)


启蒙运动





1


特点



Em phasized formality or correctness of style, to write prose like Addison, or verse like Pope.



强调正确的格式和写作规范,像艾迪生一样创作散文,和蒲柏 一样创作诗歌。




The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism.


启蒙运动实际上是当时先进的资


产阶级 同落后的封建主义斗争的一种形式。




about the viciousness of human nature, and prove that man is born kind and honest, and if he becomes depraved, it is only due to the influence of


corrupted social environment.



启蒙主义者颠覆了宗教所宣扬的 人类本恶的观点;论证了人生诚实而友善,而腐化堕落则是后天腐败的社会环境所致。




Contrary to all reasoning, social injustice still held strong, found the power of reason to be insufficient, and therefore appealed to sentiment as a


means of achieving happiness and social justice.



无论怎样讲究理性,社会不平等现象仍然普遍存在,理性的力 量明显不足。因此呼吁把情感的诉求作为一种谋求幸福和社会公平的手段。




2



18th century


文学的三个方面:



Classici sm(


古典主义


)


< br>revival of romantic poetry(


新兴的浪漫主义诗歌


)



beginnings of the modern novel(



启萌的现代派小说


)





3


、代表人物:







1)



alexander pope


亚历山大



蒲柏



1688-1744


新古典主义作家






He is regarded as the greatest poet of the 18


th


century,best known for his satirical verse and for his translation of homer .as a representation of the


Enlightenment and the representative writer of the neo-classical school ,pope was one of the first to introduce


rationalism


理性主义


to England .< /p>




18


世纪最 伟大的诗人,以讽刺诗体以及对荷马史诗的翻译而闻名,作为英国启蒙运动和新古典主义的代表,他首次把理性主 义带入英


国。










2


)、


Daniel Defoe


丹尼尔


.


笛福



1661-1731 realistic novel


现实主义作家










Defoe was a novelist who has been regarded as the discoverer of the modern novel .his strong creative spirit in novel










writing won him the title


笛福是现代小说的发明者,他的创造力给她赢得了英国小说至










欧洲小说之父的称号







Novel


:《


Robinson Crusoe


》鲁宾逊漂流记




Jonathan Wild


》乔纳 森


.


威尔德




Moll Flanders


》摩尔


.


弗兰德斯







3)



Jonathan Swift


乔纳森


.


斯威夫特






1



Gulliver’s Travels


》格列佛游记



novel


反讽









作品特点:


no visible sign of anger, nor raising the voice; the tone is cold, restrained, ironic, varied


only by some flashes of fooling when Swift’s


sense of the ridiculous gets the better of him.






努不动颜,骂不扬声,语调冷酷,锋芒暗藏,讽刺辛辣,仅在讽喻之情难以抑制时才偶露揶揄 之态。







2



A Modest Proposal


》一个温和的建议


:the author denounces the cruel and unjust treatment of Ireland by the english government and stir up the


Irish people to fight.






3 In the form of letters


书信体小说



:《


the Drapier's letter


》给麻布商的信



4)Henry Fielding


亨利


.


菲尔丁



father of modern fiction(


现代小说之父


)






Joseph Andrews


》约 瑟夫


.


安德鲁斯:散文体滑稽史诗(


a comic epic poem in prose



,



The History of Tom Jones, a f oundling


》弃婴汤姆


.



斯的故事



the best novel of him





Sentimentalism


感伤主义



no belief


没有信仰







The


representatives


of


sentimentalism


continued


to


struggle


against


feudalism


but


they


vaguely


sensed


at


the


same


time


the


contradictions


of


bourgeois progress that brought with it enslavement and ruin to the people.






感伤主 义的代表人物在继续反对封建主义的同时又模糊的感觉到资本主义进程中出现的种种矛盾,


感觉到资本主义制度对人性的奴役和破


坏。



代表人物:


Thomas Gray


托马斯


.


格雷




Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard


》墓园挽歌







1



Samuel Richardson


塞缪尔


.


理查 森




Pamela

< br>》帕美勒



The method of psychological analysis


心理分析的方法



a series letters






2)Laurence Sterne


劳伦斯



斯特恩



1713-1768




Tristram shandy


》项狄传



it is the most famous book which has an unusual and queer artistic


form





3)oliver goldsmith


奥利佛



戈德史密斯



1728-1774



散文作家



essayist



he is an outstanding representative of the english sentimentalist school


他是感伤主义最杰出的代表






The Vicar of Wakefield


》威克菲尔德的牧师,小说



novel






She Stoops to Conquer


》委曲求全,欢乐喜剧



rollicking comedy






The Deserted Village


》荒村,诗歌



poems






4



Thomas Gray


托马斯



格雷



1716 -1771


he is the leader of the sentimental poetry,especially


他是 感伤主义诗歌特别是


“墓地派”的诗人




Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard


》墓园挽歌







5



Edward young


爱德华





1683-1765



from night thoughts



夜思



“墓地派”的诗人



18


世纪英国戏剧






1



john gay


约翰



盖伊



1685-1732






the bagger's opera


》乞丐歌剧



in 1728 it achieved one of the most conspicuous


显著地


stage triumphs in english dramatic history






2)



Richard Brinsley Sheridan


理查德


.


布林斯里


.


谢尔丹











School for Scandal


》造谣学校,喜剧



comedy




莎士比亚之后最好的戏剧



5 he Romantic Period (1798-1832)


浪漫主义



散文



prose



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