英美文学选读要点总结精心整理

2021年3月3日发(作者：开除英文)

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英美文学选读要 点总结精心整理

作者

：

熊弯

英美文学选读要点总结精心整理

~< /p>

背完这些考试必过英美文学选读要点总结精心整理

（

14

世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴

人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。

［

英国』

Chapterl The Renaissanee period

1.

Huma nism is the esse nee of the Ren aissa nee.

2.

the Greek and Roman eivilization was based on such a eoneeption that man is the

measure of all thin gs.

人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以

人”为中心，人是万物之灵。

3.

Renaissanee humanists found in then elassies a justifieation

to exalt humannature

and eame to see that huma n beings were glorious ereatures eapable of in dividual

developme nt in the direet ion of perfeet ion, and that the world they in habited was theirs not to

despise but to questi on, explore, and enjoy.

化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美 人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，

完善自己，而且世界 是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。

人文主义者们去卩从古代文

人可以不断发展

4.

Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best

representatives of

the English humanists.

托马斯

.

< p>
摩尔，克利斯朵夫

.

马洛和威廉

< br>.

莎士

比亚是英国人文主义的代表。

5.

Wyatt in trodueed the Petrareha n sonnet into En gla nd.

诗引进英国。

怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行

6.

The first period of the English Renaissanee was one of imitation and assimilation.

英国文艺复兴初期

只是一个学习模仿与同化的阶段。

< p>

7.

The goals of huma ni stie poetry are: skillful han dli ng of conven ti ons, foree of

king1970uage, and, above all, the development of a rhetorieal plan in whieh meter, rhyme, seheme,

imagery and argument should all be eombined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high

relief.

人文主义诗歌的主要目标是对传统习俗的熟练运用，

语言的力度与气概，而最重要的是发展了修辞模式，即将格律，韵脚（式），组织结构，意

象（比喻，描

述）与议论都结合起来勾画出 情感主题，并将其极为鲜明生动的表现出来。

8.

The most famous dramatists in the Ren aissa nee En gla nd are Christopher Marlowe,

William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson.

马洛，威廉

.

莎士比亚与本

.

约翰逊。

文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家有克利斯朵夫

.

9.

Francis Baeon

（

1561-1626

）

, the first important English essayist.

是英国历史上最重要的散文家。

费兰 西斯

.

培根

（

I

）

Edmund Spenser

埃德蒙

.

斯宾塞

10.

the theme of Rederosse is not

'

Arms and the man,

”

but someth ing more

”《仙后》的主题并非

’男人与武器”，而是

romantic-

Fieree wars and faithful loves.

更富浪漫色彩的残酷战争与忠贞爱情”。

11.

It is Spen ser

'

idealism, his love of beauty, and his exquisite melody that make him known as

“

he poets 'poet.

正是斯宾塞的理想主义，对美的热爱以及精美优雅的诗文

韵律是他成为诗人中的诗人”。

(II)

Christopher Marlowe

12.

As the most gifted of the

克利斯朵夫

.

马洛

< p>

Uni versity Wits,

”

Marlowe composed six plays with in

his short lifetime. Among them the most important are: Tamburlaine, Parts I & II,

s, The Jew of Malta and Edward II.

马洛是当时

大学才子”中最富才华的人，

《帖木尔》，《浮士德

在他短暂的一 生中，他完成了六部剧本的创作。其中最负盛名的是：

博士的悲剧》，《马耳他岛的犹太人》以及《爱德华二世》。

13.

Marlowe

'

greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the blank verse and

made it the principal medium of English drama.

马洛的艺术成就在于他完善了无韵体诗，

并使之成为英国戏剧中最重要的文体形式。

14.

Marlowe

'

second achievement is his creation

of the Renaissanee hero for English

drama.

马洛的第二项贡献是他创造了文艺复兴时期的英雄形象。

15.

His brilliant achievement as a whole raised him to an eminence as the pioneer

of En glish drama.

他对戏剧发展的贡献是不可磨灭的，为此，它被后世尊为英国戏剧的先< /p>

驱。

16.

The passio nate shepherd to his love

literature.

激情的牧人致心爱的姑娘

This short poem is con sidered to be one of the most beautiful lyrics in En glish

这首短诗是英国文学诗中最优美的抒情诗。

< br>威廉

.

莎士比亚

(III)

William Shakespeare

Parts I, II, and III,

17.

The first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history plays: Henry VI,

Richard III, and Titus Andronicus; and four comedies: The Comedy

of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of the Shrew, and Love'

s

Labour

'

Lost.

在他戏

剧创作生涯的第一个阶段，

《泰托斯

.

安东尼》以及四部喜剧：

的徒劳》。

他创作了五部历史剧：《亨利六世》，《理查三世》，

《错误的戏剧》，《维洛那二绅士》，《驯悍记》和《爱

18.

In the second period, he wrote five histories:

Richard II, King John, Henry IV,

'

Dream, The Mercha nt

Parts I and II, and Henry V; six comedies: A Midsummer Night

of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Win dsor;

and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar.

在第二阶段，他

< p>
写了五部历史剧：《理查三世》，《约翰王》，《亨利四世》，《亨利五世》以及六部喜剧

《仲夏夜之梦》，《威尼斯商人》，《无事生非》，《皆大欢喜》，《 第十二夜》，《温莎

的风流娘儿们》，还有两部悲剧：《罗密 欧与朱丽叶》和《裘利斯

.

凯撒》。

19.

Shakespeare

'

third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called

dark comedies. The tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello,

Ki ng Lear, Macbeth,

Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, and Coriola nus. The two comedies are

All

'

Well That Ends and Measure for Measure.

自称的黑色喜剧（或悲喜剧），悲剧有：

第三阶段诞生了莎翁最伟大的悲剧和他

《哈姆雷特》，《奥赛罗》，《李尔王》《麦克白》

《安东尼与克利奥佩特拉》

《特罗伊勒斯与克利西达》

及《克里奥拉那斯》。两部喜剧是《终

成眷属》和

《一报还一报》。

20.

The last period of Shakespeare

'

work in cludes his prin ciple roma ntic

tragicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeli ne. The Win ter

plays: He nry VIII and The Two Noble Kin sme n.

'

Tale and The Tempest; and his two

最后一个时期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜剧：

《伯里克利》《辛白林》《冬天的故事》与《暴风雨》。他最后两部剧是《亨利八世》与《鲁

克里斯受辱

记》。

21.

Shakespeare

'

sonnets are the only direct expression of the poet

'

own feelings.

这些十四行诗都

是莎翁直抒胸臆的成果。

22.

Shakespeare

'

history plays are mainly written under the principle that national

un ity un der a mighty and just sovereig n is a n ecessity.

主题：在一个强大英明的 君主统领下的国家，统一是非常必要的。

莎翁的历史剧都有这样一个

23.

In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love

and youth, and the roma ntic eleme nts are brought into full play.

莎士比亚以乐观的态度对 待爱情与青春，并将浪漫色彩渲染到极致。

在他的浪漫喜剧中，

24.

The successful romantic tragedy is Romeo and Juliet, which eulogizes the

faithfu In ess of love and the spirit of pursuing happ in ess.

悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》，颂扬了对爱的忠贞及对幸福的追求。

莎翁在其成功的浪漫主义

25.

Shakespeare

'

greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello,

King Lear, and Macbeth.

They have some characteristics in com mon. Each portrays some n oble hero.

的四大悲剧

莎士比亚

是：《哈姆雷特》《奥赛罗》《李尔王》《麦克白》

26.

The King

'

government must be carried on

”一

but carried on for the good of the

国王的统治一定要万古不变

”

----

但是这种

nation, not for the pleasure of the king.

流传百世万古不变的统治是有利于国家利益的，而不是只为国王自己服务。

27.

Thus, he finds no way to solve the social problems. In the end, the only thi ng

he can do as a huma nist is to escape from the reality to seek comfort in his dream.

正因如此，他才无

力寻求到医治各种社会痼疾的灵丹妙药，

唯一事情便是逃避现实，从梦幻中找安慰。

最后，他作为人文主义所能做的

28.

He holds that literature should be a comb in ati on of beauty, kindn ess and truth,

and should reflect n ature and reality.

他认为文学应该是真善美的结合，应该反映天性

与现实。

29.

Shakespeare is above all writers in the past and in the prese nt time.

古往今

< p>
来，没有一个作家能与莎士比亚媲美，他对后世文学家的潜移默化也是无可估量的。

30.

Almost all En glish writers after him have bee n in flue need by him either in

artistic point of view, in literary form or in kin g1970uage.

国文学家 都在艺术观点，文学形式及语言技巧方面受到他的影响。

在他之后几乎所有的英

31.

Sonnet 18 is one of the most beautiful sonn ets writte n by Shakespeare.

诗第十八首诗莎翁最出色的十四行诗。

十四行

（

I V

）

Fra ncis Bae on

弗兰西斯

.

培根

32.

The most import works of his first group in elude The Adva nceme nt of Lear ning, Writte n in En

glish; Novum Orga num , an en larged Lat in version of The Adva nceme nt

of Learning.

培根的作品可分 为三类：第一类中最重要的作品有《学术的进展》（用英文著

述）《新工具》

（是《学术的进展》的拉丁文增补版）

33.

One is the kno wledge obta ined from the Divine Revelati on, the other is the

kno wledge from the worki ngs of human mi nd.

他将知识分为两种：一种是通过神的启示获

得的知识，另一种是通过人类用脑思考而获得的知识。

34.

According to Bacon, man

'

understanding

consists of three parts: history to man's

memory, poetry to man

'

imagi nati on and creati on, and philosophy to man

培根认为，人类的认识与学问分为三部分

:

的诗歌

基于人类回忆的历史学

,

与基于人类理性的哲学。

'

reas on.

基于人类想象力创造力

35.

Bacon, as a humanist intellect,

shows the new empirical

attitudes toward truth

作为人文主义者的

about n ature and bravely challe nges the medieval scholasticist.

培根展示了自己对于自然界真理的实验主义态度，并向 中世纪的经院哲学家们提出挑战。

36.

Bacon

'

essays are famous for their brevity, compact ness and powerfu In ess.

根的散文以简洁，紧凑，有力度而著名。

37.

The essays are well- arranged

and enriched by biblical

allusions,

metaphors and

cade nee.

这些散文不仅结构巧妙还大量使用了《圣经 》的典故，隐喻和基调。

38.

Of Studies

论学习

Read ing maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writ ing an exact man.

使人充实，讨论使人机智。

读书

(V)

J

ohn Donne

约翰

.

邓恩

39.

The imagery is drawn from the actual life.

40.

His poems give a more in here ntly

unfocused diversity of experiences

moods.

他的诗歌给人一种固有的戏剧性，

际

的情感与心境。

诗中的意象都是从现实生活中提取的。

theatrical i

impressi on by exhibit ing

a seem in gly

feeli ngs

and

以及漫无边

, and a free range of

and attitudes,

展示了看上去零散多样的经历与观念

,

41.

The Sons and Sonn ets, by which Donne is probably best known, contains most of

his early lyrics.

《歌 与短歌》是邓恩最有名的诗集，囊括了他早期大多数爱情诗作。

42.

I n his gloomy poem Farewell to love,

”

we can see his disillusi onment.

在忧伤

的诗作《告别爱情》中，我们 就可以感受到他对爱情幻想的破灭。

43.

With the brief, simple king1970uage, the argument is continuous throughout the poem.

议论依附于

一种简洁平白的语言，并贯穿于整首诗作。

(Vl)John Milt on

约翰

.

弥尔顿

44.

he was en tirely occupied with the thoughts of fight ing for huma n freedom.

头脑中充满了为人类自由而战的思想。

他

45.

Milt on

'

literary achieveme nts can be divided into three groups: the early poetic

works, the middle prose pamphlets and the great poem.

早期诗作，中期的散文小册子和后期的伟大诗作。

弥尔顿的文学作品可分为三类：

46.

Milt on wrote his three major poetical works: Paradise Lost, Paradise Rega in ed, and Samson

Ago ni stes.

他的三部伟大诗作：《失乐园》《复乐园》和《力士参孙》。

47.

The theme of Paradise Lost is the Fall of Mar”'. In the fall of manAdamdiscovered

his full humanity.

失乐园的主题是人类的沉沦。

在沉沦之中，亚当发现了自己身上的人性。

他认

48.

Milt on held that God created all thi ngs out of Himself, i ncludi ng evil.

为上帝是按照他自己的样子造出的世界，其中也包括罪恶。

49.

It ope ns the way for the volu ntary sacrifice of Christ which showed the mercy

of God in bringing good out of evil.

人类从罪恶与苦难中拯救出来的同情心。

为基督自愿献身开辟了道路，这也显示出上帝欲将

50.

In SamsonAgo ni stes,

the whole poemstr on gly suggests Milt on

'

passi on ate longing

that he too could bring destruction down upon the enemy at the cost of his own life. < /p>

在力士参孙中，整首诗都强烈暗示着弥尔顿渴望他自己也能像参孙一样，

< br>

敌人同归于尽。

以生命为代价，与

51.

In his life,

prose writer.

52.

Milt on shows himself a real revoluti on ary,

弥尔顿毕生都展现了真正的革命精神和非凡的诗歌才华。

a master poet and a great

aradise Lost:

人类由于理性不强，意志薄弱，经 不起考验，暗示英国自产主义革

命失败的原因。

新古典主义

总之，这一

【英国】

Chapter2 The Neoclassical Period(1660-1798)

1.

In short, it was an age full of con flicts and diverge nee of values.

时期是矛盾与价值观分歧的时期。

2.

The eightee nth-ce ntury En gla nd is also known as the Age of

Age of Reaso n.

英国的十八世纪也同时是启蒙主义时代，或曰理性时代。

En lighte nment or

the

3.

Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical

and artistic ideas.

运动的主旨便是用当代哲学与艺术思想的晨光启迪整个世界。

4.

En lighte ners

held that rati on ality

or reas on should be the only, the final cause

of any human thought and activities. They called for a reference to order, reason

and rules.

启蒙者主张理性是任何人思想与行动的唯 一缘由。他们大力提倡秩序，理性及法

律。

5.

As a matter of fact, literature at the time, heavily didactic and moralizing,

became a very popular means of public educati on.

其实，当时的文学作品种充满了说教

与道德理念，就已经成为大众教育的良好工具。

6.

Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like John Dryde n,

Alexa nder Pope, Joseph Addis on and Sir Richard Steele, the two pion eers of familiar essays,

Jonathan Swift, Daniel Defoe, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Henry

Fielding and Samuel Johnson.

英国著名的启蒙主义文学家有约翰

.

德莱顿，亚历山大

.

蒲柏

,

约瑟夫

.

艾迪森

与理查

.

斯蒂尔（这两位是 现代散文的先驱），乔纳森

.

斯威夫特，丹尼尔

.

迪福，理查

.B.

谢立丹，亨利

.

费尔丁

和塞缪尔

.

约翰逊。

7.

In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival

of in terest in the old classical works.

典时代的著作产生兴趣。

在文学领域，启蒙主义运动还使人们重新对古

8.

They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic,

restrained

emotion

and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.

他们认为理想的

艺术应基于秩序，

标准应该看它是否为人文主义服务。

逻辑，确切及情感控制的基础上，

而文学作品的价值评判

9.

Thus a polite, urba ne, witty, and in tellectual art developed.

充满灵性的知识分子文学艺术发展起来。

由此一种温文尔雅，

10.

Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for almost every genre of literature.

在几乎所有的文

学形式中，新古典主义者们都设定了创作的规矩与条框。

11.

Drama should be written in the heroic Couplets

（

iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines

）

; the

three unities of time, space and action should be strictly observed;

regularity in con structi on should be adhered to, and type characters rather tha n

in dividuals should be represe nted.

戏剧必须用英雄体偶剧（抑扬五音步的押韵双行诗）

写就；时间，地点，事件三要素必须要遵循；写作的规矩必须要遵守，而作品中的人物要代

表一类人，而不

是个性化。

12.

But it had a lasti ng wholesome in flue nee upon En glish literature.

（

古典主义对英国文学史产生过持久的全面的影响。

套话

）

但新

13.

The poetic techniques and certain classical graces such as order, good form,

unified

structure, clarity and conciseness of king1970uage developed in this period

have become a perma nent heritage.

在这一时期出现的诗歌技巧与古典气质，如秩序，优

美的格式，统一的结构，简明的语言都成为永恒的文学传统。

14.

The mid-century was, however, predominated by a newly rising

gives a realistic prese ntati on of life of the com mon En glish people.

literary form---the

十八世纪中叶，

着重

modern English novel, which, contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats,

还兴起一种崭新的文学形式

----

英国现代小说，这种文学与传统贵族的骑士文学相反，

描写英国普通百姓的生活。

15.

Among the pion eers were Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richards on, Henry Fieldi ng,

Laure nce Sterne, Tobias George Smollett, and Oliver Goldsmith.

英国现代小说的先驱

有丹尼尔

.

迪福，塞缪尔

.

理 查德，亨利

.

费尔丁，劳伦斯

.

斯泰思，托比亚斯

.

斯摩莱特以及

< p>

奥立弗

.

哥尔斯密。< /p>

16.

From the middle part to the end of the century there was also an apparent shift

of interest

from the classicliterary tradition to originality

and imagination,

in spirati onal

from

and

society to in dividual, and from the didactic to the con fessi on al,

prophetic.

从十八世纪中叶至十八世纪末，还出现了古典文学 传统向独创性与丰富联想性的

转移，社会描写向

个性描写的转移，说教向忏悔，鼓励及预示的转移。

17.

Gothic novels---mostly stories of mystery and horror.

恐怖神秘的故事。

哥特式小说

----

主要讲述

18.

Jon atha n Swift

'

A Modest Proposal being gen erally regarded as the best model

of satire, not only of the period but also in the whole English literary history.

乔纳森

?

斯威夫特的《一个小小的建议》被公认为英国文学史上讽刺作品的经典 。

(l)

John Bun ya n

约翰

.

班扬

作为一个坚定的清教徒，他认真学

19.

As a stout Puritan, he had made a conscientious study of the Bible and firmly

believed in salvation through spiritual struggle.

习《圣经》，并深信人一定能通过精神上的奋斗得到拯救。

20.

he made it possible for the reader of the least education to share the pleasure

of readi ng his novel and to relive the experie nee of his characters.

< br>生动，情节鲜明真实，连没受过教育的人也能享受到阅读他的作品的乐趣。

他的语言具体

21.

Bunyan

'

other works in clude Grace Abo unding to the Chief of Sinn ers, The Life

and Death of n. The Holy War and The Pilgrim

'

Progress, Part II.

班扬其

他的作品还有《罪人头目的赦 免》，《拜得门先生生死录》，《圣战》以及《天路历程》第

二部

22.

The Vanity Fair.

名利场

< br>(

节选《天路历程》第一部

)

The Pilgrim

'

Progress is the most successful religious allegory in the En glish

king1970uage. Its purpose is to urge people to abide by Christian

social evils.

doctrines and seek

salvati on through con sta nt struggles with their own weak nesses and all kinds of

《天路历程》是英文作品中最成功的宗教寓言。它的主旨是让人们遵循基督

教教义，并通过不断战胜自身弱点与身外的邪恶来获得拯救。

(II)

23.

Alexander Pope

亚历山大

.

蒲伯

ope, a very sensitive man, would strike

back hard, and in the constant verbal

蒲伯本身是个很敏感的人，自然要用笔

battles he developed a style of bit ing satire.

墨来反击，在此期间，他发展了犀利的讽刺文体。

24.

For him the supreme value was order---cosmic

aesthetic order, and this emphasis on order found

expression in all of his works.

对他来说秩序有着至高无上的价值

对秩序与理性的强调深入到了他各部作品中。

order, political order, social order, < /p>

-----

宇宙秩序，政治秩序，社会秩序，美学秩序。这种

25.

ope made his n ame as a great poet with the publicati on of An Essay on

Criticism in 1711. The next year, he published The Rape of the Lock, a finest mock

epic.1711

年，他出版了散文《论批评》， 从此奠定了他在诗坛的地位。次年，他又出版了

《夺发记》，一

部极妙的讽刺史诗。

26.

ope was the greatest poet of his time. He strongly advocated neoclassicism,

蒲伯是当时最伟大的诗人，他大力

emphasizing that literary works should be judged by classical rules of order, reason, logic, restra ined

emoti on, good taste and decorum.

雅的品位以及是否体面，正派来衡量。

提倡新古典主义，强调文学作品的优劣应由古典的秩序尺度，理性，逻辑，情感的克制，高

27.

He worked painstakingly on his poems, developed a satiric, concise, smooth,

graceful and well-bala need style.

他致力于诗歌创作，发展了讽刺，简练，通顺，优雅，

平衡的风格。

(III)

Daniel Defoe

丹尼尔

.

28.

His quick mind, abundant energy and never-failing

back on his feet after a fall.

在失败后能重新站起。

enthusiasm always brought him

他过人的才智，充沛的精力，旺盛而持久的热情总是使他

29.

Robinson Crusoe, an adve nture story very much in the spirit of the time, is

un iversally con sidered his masterpiece.

历险小说，是笛福的代表作。

《鲁宾逊漂流记》是一部体现时代精神的游记

30.

In most of his works, he gave his praise to the hard-working,

and showed his sympathy for the dow ntrodde n, unfortun ate poor.

他都表达了对勤劳， 坚强的中产阶级的赞誉，以及对破落不幸的穷苦人的同情。

study middle class

在他大部分作品中，

31.

Defoe was a very good story-teller.

笛福很会讲故事。

32.

His sentences are sometimes short, crisp and plain, and sometimes long and

rambli ng, which leave on the reader an impressi on of casual n arrati on.

而短小干 脆，朴素直白，时而又气势磅礴，泼墨如水，为读者留下了叙述自由悠闲的印象。

他的语句时

33.

His kin g1970uage is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vern acular.

简朴易懂又口语化，有时甚至是俗语方言。

他的措辞

34.

There is nothing artificial in his kin g1970uage: it is com mon En glish at its

beat.

他的语言毫无造作，完全是大众英语。

35.

Robinson Crusoe: The no vel con sists actually of three parts.

整部小说分为三个部分

《鲁宾逊漂流记》：

The realistic account of the successful struggle of Robinson single-handedly

the hostile n ature forms the best part of the no vel. Robinson is here a real hero:

a typical eightee nth-ce ntury En glish middle-class man., the pion eer coloni st.

中对鲁宾逊徒手与恶劣的大自然作斗争的描述是小说最 精彩的部分。

英雄：一个典型的英国十八世纪中产阶级人士。

against

其

在此，鲁宾逊是真正的

(IV)

Jonathan Swift

乔纳森

.

斯威夫特

36.

In 1704 he published two powerful satires on corruption

in religion and learning,

A Tale of a Tub and The Battle of the Books, which established his name as a

satirist.1704

年，他针对宗教和学术界的 腐败出版了两篇犀利的讽刺小品，一为《桶的故

事》，一为《 书籍

的战斗》。这两篇作品奠定了他在讽刺作品中的地位。

37.

Even today Swift is still respected as a n ati onal hero in Irela nd.

斯威夫特还被尊为爱尔兰的民族英雄。

直至今日，

38.

In his opinion,

humannature is seriously and permanently flawed. To better human

为了使人的生活更美好，

life,

enlightenment

is needed.

他认为人性永远有着严重的瑕疵，

人们需要启蒙。

39.

In his writings, although he intends not to condemn but to reform and improve

human n ature and human in stitutio ns.

改良人性与人为的机构。

在他的作品中，他提倡的不是谴责，而是采取行为

40.

His A Modest Proposal

”

is gen erally take n as a perfect model.

的建议》被认为是一篇完善的典范。

他的《一个温禾口

41.

Swift is one of the greatest masters of En glish prose.

文作家。

斯威夫特是一名优秀的散