快递物流网络优化外文文献翻译

文献出处

:

Humble

M.

The

study

of

express

logistics

network

optimization

[J].

Operations

Research Perspectives, 2016, 6(3): 106-115.

原文

The study of express logistics network optimization

Humble M

Abstract

Express

industry

as

an

important

part

of

modern

logistics

industry

to

become

one

of

the

fastest growing industries in recent years. The rapid development of express industry lead to a lot

of capital inflow express delivery market, thus express companies, there are many sizes for grab

market

resources,

the

competition

between

enterprises

is

becoming

more

and

fiercer.

Excessive

competition caused a lot of waste of resources, reduce the utilization of resources, and increase the

cost of logistics. In order to solve these problems need to integrate the express industry resources,

increase the concentration of industry level. And Courier companies mergers and reorganization is

the integration between the express industry resources, express delivery industry competitiveness

effective

way.

Express

logistics

network

in

the

express

industry

is

regarded

as

express

the

lifeblood

of

enterprises,

of which

the

end of

the

service

network

(hereinafter

referred

to

as

end

nodes), the distribution center, the urban regional hub (hereinafter referred to as the regional hub)

and the number of spatial layout directly determines the operation mode of delivery and quality of

operations.

Therefore,

under

the

merger

restructuring

enterprises

express

logistics

network

optimization

integration

to

express

the

development

of

the

enterprise

after

the

merger

and

reorganization plays a decisive role.

Keywords: Mergers and reorganization; Network optimization integration; End node; Distribution

center

1Introduction

Logistics

network

theory

is

the

inevitable

outcome

of

the

development

of

logistics

management

research

Gum

constantly,

is

a

standardized,

systematic

and

scientific

research

important way of modern logistics, it expanded the logistics network operations research new train

of thought, provides a theoretical basis for the logistics network optimization. DJ Bowers (2007)

put

forward

the

theory

of

supply

chain

logistics

integration,

and

based

on

logistics,

warehouse

location,

transportation

cost,

inventory

cost,

etc,

integrating

advanced

the

theory

of

integration

architecture.

MS

Ram

m.

(2009)

integrated

logistics

network

is

a

closed

loop

integrated

forward/reverse

logistics

network,

including

production/recovery,

mixed

distribution,

customers,

collecting

and

processing

center,

etc.,

first

used

to

determine

the

mixed

integer

linear

programming

model

for

logistics

network

integration,

and

then

in

uncertain

scenarios

using

the

mixed

integer

linear

programming

model,

the

model

can

avoid

suboptimal

results

caused

by

separation

and

continuous.

Maria

Boiler

mud

(2013)

in

a

nonlinear

integer

model

to

solve

the

dynamic integrated forward and reverse distribution network design model double H standards to

minimize

transport

costs

and

time;

Integrated

logistics

network

facility

location

problem

to

improve the efficiency of forward and reverse logistics, mainly is the determination of three types

of

facilities,

warehouse

(logistics),

collection

centers

(reverse

logistics)

and

mixed

facilities

(forward and reverse logistics).

2 Express logistics network

2.1 Summary of logistics network

Donald

j.

Bower

and

David

its

loss

in

the

book

of

the

process

of

logistics

management,

supply chain integration points out that the whole logistics network design has a direct impact on

the

logistics

efficiency,

to

provide

customer

service

capabilities

and

cost

mainly

by

number

of

logistics facilities, the influence of the practical factors

such as scale; Essential part of network

layout design is to determine the number of every kind of facilities, location and job, etc.; In the

constantly changing competitive environment, the types of products, customer demand changes at

the moment, so perfecting the infrastructure network to adapt to the change of supply and demand

is

very

important.

Ronald

h.

Balloon

(2010)

argues

that

the

essence

of

the

network

structure

problem

is

to

determine

from

to

the

customer's

network

structure,

including

the

facility

type,

number, location and each facility between the determination of amount of products and customers;

In his book

forward

the

evaluation

and

the

evaluation

of

enterprise

logistics

network

in

the

general

audit

criteria.

Logistics

network

has

the

following

characteristics:

logistics

network

has

the

characteristics of high efficiency. The goal of logistics network is the lowest cost for a shorter time

would

be

delivered

goods

in

good

condition

of

the

demand

side,

the

maximum

combination

of

logistics

and

information

flow,

cash

flow

to

achieve

inventory,

a

short

period

of

time,

no

intermittent transmission

the foundation of logistics nodes can be through the public network, all nodes connected directly

or indirectly. Logistics network openness enables each node and other nodes exchange information

quickly, processing business. Pilot logistics network information.

Widespread use of mechanization and automation equipment can greatly improve the level of

information of logistics network, but the collection, management, analysis and mining equipment

in the process of logistics information is more important. The information in the logistics network

throughout the logistics activity always, to the operation of logistics network as a whole have the

function of the guidance and integration.

Logistics network has the size advantage. Scale is the

important aims of logistics network. Dispersion formed in the field of logistics, logistics network

nodes

and

the

characteristic

of

management,

will

highlight

its

scale

advantage.

Through

large-scale

joint

operation

of

logistics

nodes

can

fully

improve

the

efficiency

of

the

whole

operation of the logistics network, reduce the cost of the overall operation, reliance on a single

node of logistics network is also significantly reduced; Can't work normally even if there is a node,

other nodes can quickly make up for it, resist risk ability.

2.2 The characteristics of the express logistics network

Express

logistics

network

mainly

includes

three

parts,

main

transport

networks,

and

distribution networks, from end off. Every part of the network composition and the exercise of the

functions of each are not identical. Backbone transport network is mainly between regional hub

and regional hub and distribution center of the network, it is mainly long distance transportation,

mainly by car and air transport

way. Distribution network is mainly between distribution center

and end node network, goods distribution through the distribution centers, arrived at the end of the

subordinate branches. From end off network composed of customers and end node, it is the first

link

is

the

final

link

of

express

delivery

business,

is

also

an

important

part

of

the

customer

experience.

The different methods of delivery of goods produced two types of networks: shaft type and

the entire company general formula express logistics network. Among them, the major structure of

the radiation is the hub of partition network characteristics, in each partition can have one or more

of the hub, the hub node can not only send and receive the goods within the region but also can

connect other areas of the hub node, transit and sorting is also its function. In the axis of the type

express logistics network, transport of goods need to transport to the hub node, through sorting

transit

hub

node

before

handing

out

again.

Fully

connected

network

is

any

node

is

exchanged

between,

should

have

the

shipping

line

directly

connected.

The

connected

network

can

realize

goods direct type distribution between any nodes on the network, but this way of distribution will

be

an

additional

shipping

cost.

Because of

the dispersed

distribution

and

small

features

express

Courier

companies

is

the

main

distribution

object,

so

axial

radial

express

more

than

logistics

network all over along with the network helps to improve logistics resources integration, logistics

resource

utilization,

to

reduce

logistics

cost,

shaft

f

type

express

logistics

network

more

in

line

with the actual situation of delivery operation.

3 The composition of express logistics network

3.1 Delivery terminal network

Delivery at the end of the node is the beginning of the express logistics network point and

end

point,

its

main

function

is

to

Posting

and

expresses

mail

delivery.

End

points

are

mainly

distributed in express business covered area, it is a hub between customers and express logistics

network, it is the most closely relationship with the customer.

3.2 Express transit center

FedEx transit node is mainly to express logistics network of express distribution and transport.

In the express industry generally call forwarding nodes distribution center. Distribution center is

that it is important to express the importance of sorting and distributing node, although it is not

engaged in commodity concrete production, but it carried from other outlets to express according

to

the

actual

situation

of

their

concentration,

distribution

and

transport,

so

as

to

realize

express

process from scattered to centralized and decentralized. Large express transit center also known as

the

regional

hub,

is

mainly

responsible

for

an

area

of

express

distribution

processing

work.

Regional hub location and capacity of the entire network transit time and produce a great impact

on the transport capacity. Express delivery regional hub of the distribution center, unified handling

after

its

focus

to

send

to

other

regional

hub

or

sent

to

the

affiliate

distribution

centers.

FedEx

transit

center

location,

quantity,

and

the

determination

of

position,

usually

to

comprehensively

consider the goods category, quantity,

flow,

traffic conditions, geographical location, timeliness,

urban planning and policy, and other transit center connecting relations, operation efficiency and

other factors.

3.3 Express logistics operation network