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,
從改變開始！
六、
介
(
一
)
介词在英语中用法很活，
也无一定规
律可循。
在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个，
特别是那些和动词
的特殊搭配。
这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自己的规律来。
< br>下面是一般的规律，
可帮助学习时参考，
千万不要作为<
/p>
介词
表示时间
表示地点方位
表示原因方式
其
他
about
about five
o'clock
about five kilometres
talk about you
above
高出某
above sea level
across
横过
walk across the
street
对面
across
the street
after
after supper
one after another
追赶
run after you
against
against the wall, against the wind
be against you
among
among the trees
at
at ten
at the school gate
at high speed
at me
before
before lunch
sit before me
深圳市宝安区新安二路宝安中学初中部路口（宝深宝大厦五楼
全层）
学习热线：
29612320
、
29612380
、
29612390
网址：
www
.thesxedu. com
1
成功
,<
/p>
從改變開始！
behind
behind the tree
below
below zero
below the standard
by
到……时刻，在……时刻之前
by
five o'clock
site by site
by
air, by bick
was made by us
during
在……期间
during the holidays
for
for five years
leave for Shanghai
为了，对于
be good for
you
from
from morning till night
from New York
由某原料制成
be made from
where are you from
in
in a week
in the room
in English
穿着
in red
into
walk into
除
divide into
turn into water
near
near five
years
near the park
of
be made of
a
map of U. S .A
深圳市宝安区新安二路宝安中学初中部路口（宝深宝大
厦五楼全层）
学习热线：
29612
320
、
29612380
、
29612390
网址：
www
.thesxedu. com
2
成功
,<
/p>
從改變開始！
on
某日、某日的上下午
on Sunday afternoon
on the desk
靠吃……为生
live on rice
a book on Physics
over
work over night
在上方
over the desk
超过，
over five pairs
past
ten past five
walk past the park
since
since 1980
Since you were ill
through
through
his life
through the forest
till
until
till
five o'clock
to
five to ten
to Shanghai
face to face
给予
give a book to me
under
under the desk
under ten
在……管制之
下
under the rule
with
with a pen
带着，具有
with me
without
without air
(
二
)
［误］
We got to the
top of the mountain in daybreak.
［正］
We got to the
top of the mountain at day break.
［析］
at
用于具体时刻之前，如：
sunrise, midday, noon,
sunset, midnight, night
。
［误］
Don't sleep
at daytime
［正］
Don't sleep in daytime.
［析］
in
要用于较长的一段时间之内，如：
in the
morning / afternoon,
或
in the week / month / year.
或
in spring
/ supper /autumn / winter
深圳市宝安区新安二路宝安中学初中部路口（宝深宝大厦五楼全层）
学习热线：
29612320
、
29612380
、
29612390
网址：
www .thesxedu. com
3
<
/p>
成功
,
從改變開始！
［误］
We visited the old man in Sunday
afternoon.
［正］
We visited the old man on Sunday
afternoon.
［析］
in the morning, in the afternoon
如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为
on,
如：
on a
cold
morning, on the morning of July 14th
［误］
He became a
writter at his twenties
［正］
He became a
writter in his twenties
［析］
这句话应译为：他在
20
多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词
in
来表示，而在具体
岁数时用
< br>at
［误］
He went to New York to find a job in
sixteen years old.
［正］
He went to
New York to find a job at sixteen.
［析］
在具体年岁前用
at,
如：
at the age of
12
，
at your
age
，
［误］
We went to
swim in the river in a very hot day.
［正］
We went to
swim in the river on a very hot day.
［析］
具体某一天要用介词
on,
又如：
on New Year's
Day
［误］
I'm looking forward to seeing you on
Christmas.
［正］
I'm looking for ward to seeing you at
Christmas.
［析］
在节日的当天用
on
，而全部节日期间用<
/p>
at,Christmas
［误］
I haven't see
you during the summer holidays.
［正］
I haven't
seen you since the beginning of the summer
holidays.
［析］
during
表示在某一段时间之内，
所以一
般不与完成时搭配，
如：
I visited a lot
of museums during the holiday.
而
for
表示一段时间，可以用于完成时，如：
I
haven't see you for a long time.
而
through
用来表示时间时则
为
整
整，
全部
的时间
。
如：
It rained through the night.
since
则是表达主句动作的起始时间，
一般要与完成时连用。
［误］
At entering
the classroom, I heard the good news.
［正］
On entering
the classroom, I heard the good news.
［析］
On
加动名词表示
一……就
。
本句的译文应是：
我一进入教室就听见这个好消息
了。
又如：
on
hearing
…
一听见，
on arrival <
/p>
一到达就……
(on
表示动作的名词
)
［误］
In the beginning of the book, there are
some interesting stories.
［正］
At the
beginning of the book, there are some interesting
stories.
［析］
at the
begining
与
at the end
都是指某事物的开始与结束部分，均不指时间范围，而
in the
beginning
则是
指开始一段时间。
in the
end
＝
at last
是指
最终，终于
［误］
Till the end
of next week. I will have finished this
work.
［正］
By the end of next week. I will have
finished this work.
［析］
by
引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点，其意思为
不迟于某一时
刻将工作做完
，所以主句一般是完成
时
态。当然可以有将来时态，如：
I'll be there by five o'c
lock.
而
till
则表达其一动作
一直持续到某一时刻，但句中
的动词一定要用持续性动词，而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否
定句式，如：
I
won't
finish
this
work
till(until)
next
weekend.
［误］
He came to
London before last weekend.
［正］
He had come
to London before last weekend.
［正］
He came to
London two weeks ago.
［析］
before
一般要与完成时连用，而
ago
［误］
I have
studied English for three years gince I had come
here.
［正］
I have studied English for three years
since I came here.
［析］
since
< br>用来表达主句动作的开始时间，所以其引出的从句中应为过去时，而不能用完成时态
［误］
I can help
you repair this bike. You will get it after two
hours.
深圳市宝安区新安二路宝安中学初中部路口（宝
深宝大厦五楼全层）
学习热线：
29
612320
、
29612380
、<
/p>
29612390
网址：
www
.thesxedu. com
4
成功
,<
/p>
從改變開始！
［正］
I
can help you repair this bike. You will get it in
two hours.
［析］
中文经常讲两小时之后来取，两天内会修好，而这个介词在英文中要用
in
而不要用
after
。其原因有
二，
①
after
多用于过去时，
如：
I
arrived in New York. After three days, I found a
job in the bank.
②
after
加时间是表达
一个不确定
的时间范围，
如：
after three days,
即三天之后的哪一天都可以。
所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时，
一定要用介词
in
［误］
Three days
after he died.
［正］
After three
days he died.
［正］
Three days later he died.
［析］
after
与
later
都可以用来表达一段时间之后，但它们所处的位置不同，
after
在时间词前，而
later
在时间
［误］
She hid
herself after the tree.
［正］
She hid
herself behind the tree.
［析］
after
< br>多用来表达某动作之后，所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词，如：
I run
after him. After finishing my
homework,
I went to see a film.
而
behind
［误］
There is a
beautiful bird on the tree.
［正］
There is a
beautiful bird in the tree.
［析］
树上长出的果实，树叶要用
on,
而其他外来的人、物体均要用
in the
tree.
［误］
Shanghai is on the east of
China.
［正］
Shanghai is in the east of
China.
［析］
在表达地理位置时有
3
个介词：
in, on, to
。
in
表示在某范围之内
; on
表示与某地区接壤；
to
则表示不相
接。如：
Japan is to the east of
China.
［误］
I arrived at New York on July
2nd.
［正］
I arrived in New York on July
2nd.
［析］
< br>at
用来表达较小的地方，
而
i
n
用来表达较大的地方。
at
常用于<
/p>
at the school gate, at home, at a bus
stop, at the
station, at the cinema, at
a small village
［误］
He lived in
No. 3 Beijing Road.
［正］
He lived at
No. 3 Beijing Road.
［析］
在门牌号码前要用
at,
并要注意它的惯用法：
at the end of the
street, at the foot of the mountain, at the top of
the page
［误］
There is a
colour TV set at the corner of the
hall.
［正］
There is a colour TV set in the corner
of the hall.
［析］
在屋内的角落应用
in
，而墙的外角用
at
，如：
There is a
tree at the corner of the street.
［误］
This weekend
I'll stay in Uncle Wang's.
［正］
This weekend
I'll stay at Uncle Wang's.
［析］
要注意英文的特殊表达法，如：
at
a
tailor's
shop <
/p>
(
裁缝店
)
＝<
/p>
at
a
tailor's,
at
the
doctor's
(
去看病
)
at
the
bookseller's
(
在书店
) at uncle Wang's
(
在王叔叔家
)
［误］
Do you know
there is some good news on today's
newspaper?
［正］
Do you know there is some good news in
today's newspaper?
［析］
在报纸上的新闻要用
in,
而在具体
某一版上，或某一页上则要用
on
［误］
The school
will begin on September 1st.
［正］
School will
begin on September 1st.
［析］
这里的
school
应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程，即开学之意。要注意，有些活动场所
当表达正在从事
该种活动时不要加冠词，
如：
< br>at table (
吃饭
)
，
When I came to Tom's home, they were at
table.
还有：
at
desk (
学习
)
，
at work (
工作
) at school
(
上学
)
，
in hospital (
住医院
)
at church
at the school
即在学校工作或办事，
in the hospital
深圳市宝安区新安二路宝安中学初中部路口（宝深宝大厦五楼
全层）
学习热线：
29612320
、
29612380
、
29612390
网址：
www
.thesxedu. com
5
成功
,<
/p>
從改變開始！
［误］
In my way to the station, I bought a
newspaper to kill time.
［正］
On my way to
the station, I bought a newspaper to kill
time.
［析］
在……的路上
应用
on one's way
…。
而
in the
way
有挡道之意，如：
Please move the
chair it is in the way
。
［误］
Look, the
door is open, Maybe someone broke into.
［正］
Look, the
door is open, Maybe someone broke in.
［正］
Look, the
door is open, Maybe someone broke into the
office.
［析］
in
是表达一个静止状态，在与
break
连用时其后不加介词宾语，而
into
则是动
态介词，与
break
连用时要
［误］
I'll leave
Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow.
［正］
I'll leave
Beijing for Shanghai.
［正］
I'll leave
for Shanghai.
［析］
leave for
是离开某地去某处的固定搭配，不可将<
/p>
for
改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有：
start for
动身前往
某处，
set out
for
，
sail
for
［误］
I'm sorry. I have to get out the bus at
next stop.
［正］
I'm sorry. I have to get out of the bus
at next stop.
［析］
get
in,
与
get
out
是两个相反的词组。
get
in
为上车，而
get
out
为下车，但语法家认为这里的
in
与
out
为副词，所以其后不能接名词，我们可
以讲
We'd better get in.
或
We'd better get out.
还有一组词组有关上下车：
get
on
／
off(a train, a ship, a
struck) get into
／
out of (a
car, taxi
…
)
［误］
Be
careful
The temperature of
the water is ninety degrees over zero.
［正］
Be careful.
The temperature of the water is ninety degrees
above zero.
［析］
over
与
above
在作为比某物高的意思时有时可以互换。但在垂直
方向上的高矮时，即正上方时则要用
above.
而泛指上方时
用
over.
［误］
There is an
old stone bridge above the river.
［正］
There is an
old stone bridge over the river.
［析］
over
还有一意为
跨越，横跨
［误］
The
Dead Sea is under the sea level.
［正］
The Dead Sea
is below the sea level.
［析］
在垂直下方要用
below.
above
与
below
互为反意词，
over
与<
/p>
under
也是反意词。
［误］
There is a
big tree in the front of the house.
［正］
There is a
big tree in front of the house.
［析］
in front of
是在物体外部的前面，而
in the front of
是在物体内部的前面，如：
The driver sits
in the front of
the bus.
［误］
It took them
two days to walk across the forest.
［正］
It took them
two days to walk through the forest.
［析］
across
作为介词有两个主要意思：
①
横过，
如：
I want to
walk across the street.
②
对面，
如：
There is a
post
office across the
street,
而
through
多
用于三维空间中的穿越。
across
则多用于平面上的横过。
如：
The little girl ran
across
the room to meet her mother.
［误］
The sun sets
toward the west.
［正］
The sun sets
in the west.
［析］
towards
也可用作
toward
，
它主要表达朝向某方向运动，
但不一
定到达，
如：
He ran toward(s) the
mountain.
而在表示方位
east, west,
north, south
时，
其前面要用
< br>in
。
要注意的是这
4
个词可以用作副词，
如：
I went
south.
也
可用作名词，如：
I
went to the
south.
也可用作形容词，如：
I went to
the south part of China.
［误］
Do you have
no other clothes except those?
［正］
Do you have
no other clothes besides those?
深圳市宝安区新安二路宝安中学初中部路口（宝深宝大厦五楼全层）
学习热线：
29612320
、
29612380
、
29612390
网址：
www .thesxedu. com
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