-
2012
年
6
月英语四
级模拟题六
四级作文：
Directions:
For
this
part,
you
are
allowed
30
minutes
to
write
A
Brief
Introduction to the University. You
should write at least 120 words according to
the following guidelines:
假设你是一名学生志愿者，
要给来你
们学校参观的外国朋友介绍学校情况。
内容应包括
学校历史、规
模、教学现状以及未来目标等。
A Brief Introduction to the University
Distinguished
guests,
Welcome
to our university. Before you start to look
around, allow me to give
you a brief
account of the school.
Founded in 1927, our university is one
of this city
’
s earliest
universities
of
liberal
arts.
It
is
staffed
with
an
excellent
faculty,
and
has
a
total
enrollment
of
over
10,000
students.
In
the
past
years,
it
has
turned
out
numerous
well-qualified
students and found its graduates active
in professions of all walks of life.
Since its establishment,
the university has always steered itself toward
the
objective that its students have an
overall healthy development. Not only does it
provide the
students
with basic
academic
courses, but it
manages to
expose them
to
the up-to-
date knowledge. Besides, students are free to
participate in colorful
campus
activities
and
social
practice,
which
are
intended
for
broadening
their
mind
and developing their
potential talent.
Currently,
both
our
faculty
and
students
are
making
every
effort
to
improve
the
quality of our education
in the direction of a first-rate university. Thank
you.
点评：
近几年，
随着我国顺利加入世贸组织以及经济全球化步伐的加快，
许多国内高校
纷纷与国外大学合作办学，
教育走向国
际化成为人们关注的热点，
也是大学生门比较关心的
热点问题。
本预测题为热议校园生活话题，
与
20
04
年旅游景点介绍
2006
年考查的
名校校园
开放如出一辙。
四级阅读：
Baekeland
and Hartman
n report that the “short
sleepers” had been more or less
average
in their sleep needs until the men were in their
teens. But at about age
15 or so, the
men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly
sleep time because
of
pressures
from
school,
work,
and
other
activities.
These
men
tended
to
view
their
nightly periods of unconsciousness as
bothersome interruptions in their daily
routines.
In general, these
“
short
sleeps
”
appeared ambitious,
active, energetic,
cheerful,
conformist(
不动摇
) in their
opinions, and very sure about their career
choices. They often held several jobs
at once, or workers full-or part-time while
going
to
school.
And
m
any
of
them
had
a
strong
urge
to
appear
“normal”
or
“acceptable” to their friends and
associates.
When
asked
to
recall
their
dreams,
the
“
short
sleepers
”
did
poorly.
More
than
this, they seemed to prefer not
remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way
of dealing with psychological problems
was to deny that the problem existed, and
then to keep busy in the hope that the
trouble would go away.
The
sleep
patterns
of
the
“
short
sleepers
”
were
similar
to,
but
less
extreme
than, sleep patterns shown by many
mental patients categorized as
manic(
疯人
).
The
“
long
sleepers
”
were
quite
different
indeed.
Baekeland
and
Hartmann
report
that these young
men had been lengthy sleeps since
childhood. They seemed to enjoy
their
sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when
they were occasionally
deprived of
their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They
tended to recall their
dreams much
better than did the “short sleepers.”
Many
of
the
“
long
sleepers
”
were
shy,
anxious,
introverted
(
内向
),
inhibited
(
压抑
),
passive,
mildly
depressed,
and
unsure
of
themselves
(particularly
in
social
situations).
Several
openly
states
that
sleep
was
an
escape
from
their
daily
problems.
1. According to the report,______.
A) many short
sleepers need less sleep by nature
B) many short sleepers are
obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because
they are busy with their work
C) long
sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the
day
D)
many
long
sleepers
preserve
their
sleeping
habit
formed
during
their
childhood
2. Many
“
short
sleepers
”
are likely to hold
the view that _____.
A) sleep is a withdrawal from the
reality
B)
sleep interferes with their sound judgement
C) sleep is the
least expensive item on their routine program
D) sleep is the
best way to deal with psychological troubles
3. It is stated
in the third paragraph that short sleepers _____.
A) are ideally
vigorous even under the pressures of life
B) often
neglect the consequences of inadequate sleep
C) do not know
how to relax properly
D) are more unlikely to run into mental
problems
4.
When
sometimes
they
cannot
enjoy
adequate
sleep,
the
long
sleepers
might
____.
A) appear disturbed
B) become
energetic
C)
feel dissatisfied
您看到来自
的新闻
D) be extremely depressed
5. Which of the following
is Not included in the passage?
A)
If
one
sleeps
inadequately,
his
performance
suffers
and
his
memory
is
weakened
B) The sleep patterns of
short sleepers are exactly the sane as those shown
by
many mental patients
C) Long and short sleepers
differ in their attitudes towards sleep
D) Short
sleepers would be better off with more rest
【答案及详解】
答案：
DCBAB
贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，
“睡眠少的人”在未进入少年期之前，
其正常睡眠时间大致与
所需要的时间差不多。但到了
15
岁左右，由于学
校、工作或其它活动的地压力，他们就故
意地减少了夜间睡眠的时间。
< br>这些人持有这样的观点：
夜间睡眠是一件令人讨厌的事情，
打
断了日常事务。
总的说来，这些“睡眠少的人”表现得雄心勃勃、积极活跃、
精力充沛、无意识乐观豁
达、立场坚定，
对自己职业的选择胸有
成竹。
他们往往同时从事几项工作，
或者一边上学读
书，
一边从事专职或兼职工作。
其中许多人有强烈
愿望，
想在朋友和熟人面前表现得
“正常”
或“合群”。
当让他们回忆梦境时，
“睡眠少的人”回忆不起什么来。更有甚者，他们似乎情愿什么
都记不住。
类似的情况是他们通常处理心理问题的方式：
不承认问题的存在，
希望只要忙忙
碌碌，麻烦总会过去的。
“睡眠少的人”
< br>的睡眠模式与被划入疯子之类精神病患者的睡眠模式十分相似，
只
不过没有那么严重而已。
“睡眠多的人”情形则大不相同。贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，这些年轻人从小的，有抱负<
/p>
的睡眠就一直很长。
他们好像注重睡眠，
不让睡眠受打搅。
偶尔没有所需的
9
个
小时夜间卧
床休息，他们便会十分不安。他们比“睡眠少的人”要更能回忆得起梦的内容
。许多“睡眠
多的人”腼腆、焦躁、内向、压抑、消极和稍微有点儿沮丧，尤其在社交场
合缺乏自信。好
几个人坦言，睡眠是摆脱每天烦恼的一种方式。
Now
let
us
look
at
how
we
read.
When
we
read
a
printed
text,
our
eyes
move
across
a
page
in
short,
jerky
movement.
We
recognize
words
usually
when
our
eyes
are
still
when
they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group
of words. This is known as
the
recognition
span
or
the
visual
span.
The
length
of
time
ofr
which
the
eyes
stop
---the duration of the
fixation ----varies considerably from person to
person. It
also vaies within any one
person according to his purpose in reading and his
familiarity with the text. Furthermore,
it can be affected by such factors as
lighting and tiredness.
Unfortunately,
in
the
past,
many
reading
improvement
courses
have
concentrated
too
much
on
how
our
eyes
move
across
the
printed
page.
As
a
result
of
this
misleading
emphasis on the purely visual aspects
of reading, numerous exercises have been
devised to train the eyes to see more
words at one fixation. For instance, in some
exercises, words are flashed on to a
screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a
second.
One
of
the
exercises
has
required
students
to
fix
their
eyes
on
some
central
point,
taking
in
the
words
on
either
side.
Such
word
patterns
are
often
constructed
in the shape of rather steep pyramids
so the reader takes in more and more words
at
each
successive
fixation.
All
these
exercises
are
very
clever,
but
it’s
one
thing
to improve a
person’s
ability to see words and quite another thing to
improve his
ability
to
read
a
text
efficiently.
Reading
requires
the
ability
to
understand
the
relationship
between
words.
Consequently,
for
these
reasons,
many
experts
have
now
begun
to
question
the
usefulness
of
eye
training,
especially
since
any
approach
which
trains a person to
read isolated words and phrases would seem
unlikely to help him
in reading a
continuous text.
Q:
1.
The
time
of
the
recognition
span
can
be
affected
by
the
following
facts
except
________ .
A. one
’
s
familiarity with the text
B. one
’
s purpose
in reading
C.
the length of a group of words
D. lighting and tiredness
2. The author
may believe that reading ______.
A. requires a reader to
take in more words at each fixation
B. requires a reader to see
words more quickly
C. demands an deeply-participating mind
D. demands more
mind than eyes
3
What
does
the
author
mean
by
saying
“
but
it
’
s
one
thing
to
improve
a
person
’
s
ability
to
see
words
and
quite
another
thing
to
improve
his
ability
to
read
a
text
efficiently.
”
in
the second parapraph?
A.
The
ability
to
see
words
is
not
needed
when
an
efficient
reading
is
conducted.
B. The reading exercises mentioned
can
’
t help to improve both
the ability to
see and to comprehend
words.
C.
The
reading
exercises
mentioned
can
’
t
help
to
improve
an
efficient
reading.
D.
The
reading
exercises
mentioned
has
done
a
great
job
to
improve
one
’
s
ability
to see words.
4. Which of the
following is NOT true?
A. The visual span is a word or a group
of words we see each time.
B. Many experts began to question the
efficiency of eye training.
C. The emphasis on the
purely visual aspects is misleading.
eye training will help
readers in reading a continuous text.
5. The tune of the author
in writing this article is ________
A critical
B neutral
C prssimistic
D optimistic
【答案及详解】
答案：
CCCDA
解题思路
1 C
。事实细节题。第一段提到了
影响视幅的因素：不同的人，不同的阅读目的，对材
料的熟悉程度，光线，疲劳。
C
“一组词的长度”不是能影响视幅的因素，是本题的答案。
2
C
。观点态度题。作者在第二段第二句提到，眼睛训练课程只注重了阅读的
视觉因素。
倒数第二句书哦，阅读要求具备理解单词间关系的能力。因此选项
C
“阅读需要大脑的深度
参与”
< br>正确。
作者没有否定阅读的视觉因素的必要性，
但是也没
有说读者应该练习拓宽视幅，
加快阅读速度。所以
AB
两项都不正确。作者没有对大脑和眼睛在阅读过程中的重要性进行
对比，
所以不选
D
3
C
。
<
/p>
作者在这句话中先是肯定了那些阅读练习提高看单词的能力，然后提出了有效阅
读概念。
后面句中还指出，
有效阅读需要的是理解
单词间的联系的能力。
所以作者的意思应
该是那些
(
训练眼睛的
)
阅读练习对
与有效的阅读无益。
B
与文章相反。
D
句是蕴涵其中一个
意思，却不是作者想表达的方向。
4
D
。
第二段最后一句说，眼睛训练对
于帮助读者阅读连贯文章无益，所以
D
是错的，
是本题答案。
5
A
。
<
/p>
参考前面的结构剖析，作者写本文的主要目的是对那些只关注阅读的视觉因素的
阅读能力课程进行批判，所以答案应该是
A
。
As is
known to all, the organization and management of
wages and salaries are
very
complex.
Generally
speaking,
the
Accounts
Department
is
__1__
for
calculations
of
pay,
while
the
Personnel
Department
is
interested
in
discussions
with
the
employees about pay.
If a firm wants
to __2__ a new wage and salary structure, it is
essential that
the firm should decide
on a __3__ of job evaluation and ways of measuring
the
performance
of
its
employees.
In
order
to
be
__4__,
that
new
pay
structure
will
need
agreement
between
Trade
Unions
and
employers.
In
job
evaluation,
all
of
the
requirements of each job are defined in
a detailed job description. Each of thsoe
requirements
is
given
a
value,
usually
in
which
are
__5__
together
to
give
a total value for the
job. For middle and higher management, a special
method is
used
to
evaluate
managers
on
their
knowledge
of
the
job,
their
responsibility,
and
their __6__ to solve problems. Because
of the difficulty in measuring management
work,
however,
job
grades
for
managers
are
often
decided
without
__7__
to an
evaluation system based on points.
In
attempting
to
design
a
pay
system,
the
Personnel
Department
should
__8__
the
value
of
each
job
with
these
in
the
job
market.
__9__,
payment
for
a
job
should
vary
with any differences in the way that
the job is performed. Where it is simple to
measure the work done, as in the works
done with hands, monetary encouragement
schemes are often chosen, for __10__
workers, where measurement is difficult,
methods of additional payments are
employed.
[A]compare
[B]responsible
[C]useful
[D]added
[E]find
[F]reference
[G]indirect
[H]method
[I]successful
[J]combined
[K]Necessarily
[L]capacity
[M]ability
[N]Basically
[O]adopt
【答案及详解】
1.
选
B)
。此处应填形容词。原文意思为“会计部门
...
计算报酬”，选项中的形容词
responsible
“负责任的”，
useful
“有用的”，
< br>indirect
“间接的”，
successful<
/p>
“成功
的”
，
其
中
indirect
不能与
for
连用，
排除
;
剩余
几项中只有
B)responsible
意义符合原句，
其他均不符合，故排除。
2.
选
O)
。此处应填动词原形。本文主题就是采用一种新的工资和薪水制度时需要注意
的问题，选项中的动词原形有
compare
“比
较”，
find
“找到”，
adopt
“采纳”，分别带
入原文，只有
ado
pt
最符合原文意思，故选
O).
3.
选
H)
。此处应填名词。从原文看，
and
连
接并列结构，所以要填的词应与
and
后面的
< br>ways
意思一致，选项中的名词只有
mathod =
ways
，故选
H)method
。<
/p>
4.
选
I)
。此处应填形容词。上文说新的工资
制度需要一套决定工作评估和衡量雇员表
现的方法，说的是制度“是否有用”的问题。这
句说的时新的工资制度执行过程中的问题，
劳资双方先期达成一致是薪酬制度成功的必要
条件。形容词
useful
和
succ
essful
，
I)seccessful
更符合原文意思。
5.
选
D)
。此处应填
动词。这个动词的宾语是
point
“分值”，把分值
...
起来
to
give
a
total valu
e
得出总分值
，选项中有
added
和
combined
，前者指“把
...
相加”，后者意
为“把
...
结合在一起”，原文指将分值相加得出总分，故
D)added
最符合文意。
6.
选<
/p>
M)
。此处应填名词。首先
solve
problem
“解决问题”是经理们应具备的能力，选
项中的
capacity
与
< br>ability
都可以表示
“能力”
;
前者强调的是理解的能力和接受事物的能
力，而后者强调
实际应用的能力，故不难判断解决问题的能力应该用
M)ability
。
7.
选
F)
。此处应填名词。前半
句指出“因为管理工作很难评估，经理的工作得分不需
要参照基于分值的评估系统决定。
”
without reference to
为固定搭配，意
思是“与
...
无
关”。故选
F)reference.
8.
选
A)
。此处应填动词
原形。原句中出现了
the
value
of
each
job
“每种工作的价值”
和
these in the
job market
“工作市场上的
(
工作价值
)
”，说明人事部门通过比较两种价
值来计算工资制度。选项中只有
compare
表示“
比较”，所以
A)
正确。
9.
选<
/p>
K)
。
此处应填副词，
< br>修饰整句话。
“报酬要随工作表现各方面的不同而有所改变”
，
选项中
Necessarily
“必须地”与
Basically
“基本地”为副词，分别带入
原文，
“报酬
...
的变化是必须的”
更符合上下文意思，故排除
N),
选
K
)
。
<
/p>
10.
选
G)
。
此处应填形容词。前文中提到一种情况即
simple
to
measure
the
work
done
易于评估的工作
，通常用现金奖励办法
;
而
...measurement
is
difficult<
/p>
“难于评估的”，
说明这些工作人员的工作不像手工工作那么直接
，
因而是间接的，
故选项中只有
G)i
ndirect
符合原句的意思。
Americans
are
proud
of
their
variety
and
individualty,
yet
they
love
and
respect
few things more than
a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United
States?
Among
the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is
that in the eyes of most
people they
look more __2__ than
civilian(
百姓的
) clothes.
People have become
conditioned
to
__3__
superior
quality
from
a
man
who
wears
a
uniform.
The
television
repairman who
wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one
who appears in
civilian
clothes.
Faith
in
the
__5__
of
a
garage
mechanic
is
increased
by
a
uniform.
What
an
easier
way
is
there
for
a
nurse,
a
policeman,
a
barber,
or
a
waiter
to
__6__
professional
identity(
身份
) than to step
out of uniform? Uniforms also have many
__7__ benefits. They save on other
clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are
often more comfortable and more durable
than civilian clothes.
Primary among the arguments against
uniforms is their lack of variety and the
consequent
loss
of
__8__
experienced
by
people
who
must
wear
them.
Though
there
are
many
types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular
type is generally stuck with
it,
without __9__, until retirement. When people look
alike, they tend to think,
speak, and
act __10__, on the job at least.
[A]skill
[B]popular
[C]get
[D]change
[E]similarly
[F]professional
[G]character
[H]individuality
[I]inspire
[J]differently
[K]expect
[L]practical
[M]recall
[N]lose
[O]ordinary
【答案及详解】
1.
选
B)
。从文章的第一句
they love and
respect few thins more than a uniform
“他
们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”
，
说明了制服在美国很受欢迎。
因此选项
B)popular
符合原
文意思。选项中的
professional
“职业的”、
practical
“实用的”和
ordinary
“普通的，
平常的”都不符合第一段
的意思。
2.
选
F)
。此处应填形容词。从<
/p>
more...than civilian clothes
可
知，此处要填的形容
词意思与
civilian
相对，
说明制服的特点。
选项中的形容词中只有
professional
“职业的”
和
civilian
相对的，故
F)
正确。而
pratical
“实用的”和
ordinary
“平常的”意思都不
能和<
/p>
civilian
对应，故排除。
3.
选<
/p>
K)
。由
be conditioned
to do sth.
“习惯于”可知，此处应填动词原形。从前面
的
look
more
“看起来更
...
”和后面的
tend
to
“倾向于”可知，这段要说明的是人们的主
观印象，
应填入表示“期望
(
得到
)
”的单词，只有
K)expect
符合原文语气。
选项中
get
“得
到”与上下文的语气不符合。
4.
选<
/p>
I)
。
此处应填动词原形。
从原文中
“人们习惯
...
从穿制服的人那儿得到优质服务。
”
可知，
人们更信任穿制服的人，
即制服能使人产生信任感。
选项中
的动词原形中只有
inspire
“使产生”符合文章。
5.
选
A)
。此处应填名词。前面两句表达了人们对
穿制服的人更加信任的意思，那么对
于
garage
mechanic
“汽车修理工”来说，人们信任的是它的技术，而不是
人品，故选项中
只有
A)skill
符
合原文意思。
< br>6.
选
N)
。此处应填动词。<
/p>
...step out of uniform
“脱掉制服”是
对护士、警察等来
说是
......
职
业身份的很简单的方式。
脱下制服就是失去了职业身份，
由此可
以推知此处应
填
N)lose
。
7.
选
L)
。此处应填形容词，说明制服的其他有点
。从下文“
...
节省购买其他衣服的开
销，节省洗衣费用，比便服更舒适也更耐穿”可知，制服除了增加信任感还有实际的优点。
选项中的
pratical
“实用的”和
< br>ordinary
“平常的”，很明显
L)pratic
al
符合原文意思。
8.
选
H)
。此处应填名词。文章手段就说“美国人为自己的多元化和个性化感到高傲无
比，然而他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”，
其中包含制服使他们失去自己的个
性的意思，
那么
联系第一段，此处指出的制服的缺点即为失去个
性，故选项
H)individuality
正确。
individuality
强调与他人特点的区别，而
< br>character
指的是个人特定的内在本质。
9.
选<
/p>
D)
。此处应填名词。前面说制服让人失去了个性，虽然有很多种
制服，但穿上制
服的人直至退休都是那件制服，所有是没有变化的，故此处应填
change
，故
D)
正确。
10.
选
E)
。此处应填副词，修饰动
词
act
。前面指出
...look
alike,they tend to...
，
说明此处填的
词和
alike
意思相近。选项种副词有
similarly
和
differently
，很明显，
E)similarly
与
alike
意思相近，
After
the
violent
earthquake
that
shook
Los
Angeles
in
1994,
earthquake
scientists
had
good
news
to
report:
The
damage
and
death
toll(
死亡人数
)
could
have
been
much worse. More than 60 people died in this
earthquake. By comparison, and
earthquake of similar __1__ that shook
America in 1998 claimed 25,000 victims.
Injuries and
deaths were __2__ less in Los Angeles because the
quake occurred
at
4:31
a.m.
On
a
holiday,
when
traffic
was
light
on
the
city
’
s
highway.
In
addition,
__3__ made to the
construction codes in Los Angeles during the last
20 years have
strength
ened
the
city’s
buildings
and
highways,
making
them
more
__4__
to
quakes.
In
the
past,
making
structures
quake-resist-ant
meant
firm
yet
__5__
materials,
such as steel and wood, that bend
without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a
building off its foundation, and insert
rubber and steel between the building and
its
foundation
to
__6__
the
impact
of
ground
vibrations.
The
most
__7__
designs
give
buildings brains as well as concrete
and steel supports, called smart buildings,
the structures respond like living
organisms to an earthquake’s vibrations. When
ground
shakes
and
the
building
tips
forward,
the
computer
would
__8__
the
building
to
shift
in
the
opposite
direction.
The
new
designs
should
offer
even
greater
__9__
to
cities where earthquakes ofen take place.
The
new
smart
structures
could
be
very
__10__
to
build.
However,
they
would
save
many
lives and would be less likely to be damaged
during earthquakes.
[A]changes
[B]flexible
[C]decrease
[D]recent
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