12月六级真题----阅读答案补充版

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【其中一篇原文】

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A?

Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one

word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the

passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a

letter.

Please

mark

the

corresponding

letter

for

each

item

on

Answer

Sheet

2

with

a

single

line

through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

Children

are

natural-born

scientists.

They

have

36

minds,

and

they

aren

’

t

afraid

to

admit

they

don

’

t

know

something.

Most

of

them,

37

lose

this

as

they

get

older.

They

become

self-conscious

and

don

’

t

want

to

appear

stupid.

Instead

of

finding

things

out

for

themselves they make

38

that often turn out to be wrong

So it

’

s not a case of getting kids interested in science. You just have to avoid killing the

39

for learning that they were born with. It

’

s no coincidence that kids start deserting science

once it becomes formalized. Children naturally have a blurred approach to

40

knowledge.

They see learning about science or biology or cooking as all part of the same act-it

’

s all learning.

It

’

s

only

because

of

the

practicalities

of

education

that

you

have

to

start

breaking

down

the

curriculum into specialist subjects. You need to have specialist teachers who

41

what they

know.

Thus

once

they

enter

school,

children

begin

to

define

subjects

and

erect

boundaries

that

needn

’

t otherwise exist.

Dividing subjects into science, maths, English ,etc. is something we do for

42

. In the

end

it

’

s

all

learning,

but

many

children

today

43

themselves

from

a

scientific

education.

They think science is for scientists, not for them.

Of course we need to specialize

44

. Each of us has only so much time on Earth, so we

can

’

t

study

everything.

At

5

years

old,

our

field

of

knowledge

and

45

is

broad,

covering

anything from learning to walk to learning to count. Gradually it narrows down so that by the time

we are 45, it might be one tiny little corner within science.

注意：此部分 试题请在答题卡

2

上作答。

A)A)accidentally

B)acquiring

C)assumptions

D)convenience

E)eventually

F)exclude

G)exertion

H)exploration

I)formulas

J)ignite

K)impart

L)inquiring

M)passion

N)provoking

O)unfortunately

【答案】

36-L-inquiring

37-O-unfortunately

38-C-assumptions

39-M-passion

40-B-acquiring

41-K-impart

42-D-convenience

43-F-exclude

44-E-eventually

45-H-exploration

长篇阅读

【其中一个版本的答案】

High School Sports Aren

’

t Killing Academics

46-50 J B D K H

51-55 C L F A E

【其中一个版本的答案】

Growing Up Colored

46-50 F D J C I

51-55 M B H E G

【其中一个版本的题目及答案】

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten

statementsattached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of

the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.

You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a

letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on

Answer

Sheet 2.

[A]For at least the last decade, the happiness craze has been building. In

the last three months alone, over 1,000 books on happiness were released on

Amazon, including Happy Money, Happy- People-Pills For All, and, for those just

starting out, Happiness for Beginners.

[B]One of the consistent claims of books like these is that happiness is

associated with all sorts of good life outcomes, including - most promisingly -

good health. Many studies have noted the connection between a happy mind

and a healthy body - the happier you are, the better health outcomes we seem

to have. In a meta-analysis (overview) of 150 studies on this topic, researchers

put it like this:

“

Inductions of well-being lead to healthy functioning, and

inductions of ill-being lead to compromised health.

”

[C]But a new study, just published in the Proceedings of the National

Academy of Sciences (PNAS) challenges the rosy picture. Happiness may not be

as good for the body as researchers thought. It might even be bad.

[D]Of course, it

’

s important to first define happiness. A few months ago, I

wrote a piece called

“

There

’

s More to Life Than Being Happy

”

about a

psychology study that dug into what happiness really means to people. It

specifically explored the difference between a meaningful life and a happy life.

[E]It seems strange that there would be a difference at all. But the

researchers, who looked at a large sample of people over a month-long period,

found that happiness is associated with selfish

“

taking

”< /p>

behavior and that

having a sense of meaning in life is associated with selfless

“

gi ving

”

behavior.

[F]

self-absorbed or even selfish life, in which things go well, needs and desire are

easily satisfied, and difficult or taxing entanglements are avoided,

of the study wrote.

in need.

”

While being happy is about feeling good, meaning is derived from

contributing to others or to society in a bigger way. As Roy Baumeister, one of

the researchers, told me,

others and contribute to others. This makes life meaningful but it does not

necessarily make us happy.

”

[G]The new PNAS study also sheds light on the difference between meaning

and happiness, but on the biological level. Barbara Fredrickson, a psychological

researcher who specializes in positive emotions at the University of North

Carolina-Chapel Hill, and Steve Cole, a genetics and psychiatric researcher at

UCLA, examined the self-reported levels of happiness and meaning in 80

research subjects.

[H]Happiness was defined, as in the earlier study, by feeling good. The

researchers measured happiness by asking subjects questions like

“

How often

did you feel happy?

”

“

How often did you feel interested in life?

”

and

“

How

often did you feel satisfied?

”

The more strongly people endorsed these

measures of

“

hedonic well- being,

”

or pleasure, the higher they scored on

happiness.

[I]Meaning was defined as an orientation to something bigger than the self.

They measured meaning by asking questions like

“

How often did you feel that

your life has a sense of direction or meaning to it?

”

,

“

How often did you feel

that you had something to contribute to society?

”

, and

“

How often did you feel

that you belonged to a community/social group?

”

The more people endorsed

these measures of

“

eudaimonic well- being

”

- or, simply put, virtue - the more

meaning they felt in life.

[J]After noting the sense of meaning and happiness that each subject had,

Fredrickson and Cole, with their research colleagues, looked at the ways certain

genes expressed themselves in each of the participants. Like neuroscientists

who use fMRI scanning to determine how regions in the brain respond to

different stimuli, Cole and Fredrickson are interested in how the body, at the

genetic level, responds to feelings of happiness and meaning.

[K]Cole

’

s past work has linked various kinds of chronic adversity to a

particular gene expression pattern. When people feel lonely, are grieving the

loss of a loved one, or are struggling to make ends meet, their bodies go into

threat mode. This triggers the activation of a stress-related gene pattern that

has two features: an increase in the activity of proinflammatory genes and a

decrease in the activity of genes involved in anti-viral responses.

[L]Cole and Fredrickson found that people who are happy but have little to

no sense of meaning in their lives - proverbially, simply here for the party - have

the same gene expression patterns as people who are responding to and

enduring chronic adversity. That is, the bodies of these happy people are

preparing them for bacterial threats by activating the pro-inflammatory

response. Chronic inflammation is, of course, associated with major illnesses

like heart disease and various cancers.

[M]

“

Empty positive emotions

”

- like the kind people experience during

manic episodes or artificially induced euphoria from alcohol and drugs -

”

are

about as good for you for as adversity,

”

says Fredrickson.

[N]It

’

s important to understand that for many people, a sense of meaning

and happiness in life overlap; many people score jointly high (or jointly low) on

the happiness and meaning measures in the study. But for many others, there

is a dissonance - they feel that they are low on happiness and high on meaning

or that their lives are very high in happiness, but low in meaning. This last group,

which has the gene expression pattern associated with adversity, formed a

whopping 75 percent of study participants. Only one quarter of the study

participants had what the researchers call

“

eudaimonic predominance

”

- that

is, their sense of meaning outpaced their feelings of happiness.

[O]This is too bad given the more beneficial gene expression pattern

associated with meaningfulness. People whose levels of happiness and meaning

line up, and people who have a strong sense of meaning but are not necessarily

happy, showed a deactivation of the adversity stress response. Their bodies

were not preparing them for the bacterial infections that we get when we are

alone or in trouble, but for the viral infections we get when surrounded by a lot

of other people.

[P]Fredrickson

’

s past research, described in her two books, Positivity and

Love 2.0, has mapped the benefits of positive emotions in individuals. She has

found that positive emotions broaden a person

’

s perspective and buffers people

against adversity. So it was surprising to her that hedonistic well-being, which is

associated with positive emotions and pleasure, did so badly in this study

compared with eudaimonic well-being.

[Q]

“

It

’

s not the amount of hedonic happiness that

’

s a problem,

”

Fredrickson tells me,

“

It

’

s that it

’

s not matched by eudaimonic well-being. It

’

s great when both are in step. But if you have more hedonic well-being than

would be expected, that

’

s when this [gene] pattern that

’

s akin to adversity

emerged.

”

[R]The terms hedonism and eudemonism bring to mind the great

philosophical debate, which has shaped Western civilization for over 2,000