研究生英语阅读Unit7课后答案

Unit

7

Cultures

Learning Objectives

At the end of the unit, students will be able to:

1.

Know about some famous cultural landmarks of the world;

2.

Have a general understanding of cultural differences, such as

marriage customs,

table manners, etc.;

3.

show their mastery of the words and expressions concerning cultures.

Part I

Warm-up Activities

A

Directions:

Below

are

the

names

of

the

world’s

famous

cultural

landmarks.

Please

match them with the corresponding pictures.

A. Pyramid

B. Sydney Opera House

C. Eiffel Tower

D. Colosseum

E. the Statue of Liberty

F. Taji Mahal

1. Eiffel Tower

2. Taji Mahal

Statue of Liberty

4. Pyramid

5. Sydney opera house

6. Colosseum

B

Directions:

Certain

animals

are

chosen

as

symbols

because

they

have

qualities

that

stand

out.

In

different

cultures

the

qualities

they

are

associated

are

different.

The

following

table

includes

some

of

the

names

of

the

animals.

Complete

the

phrases

by

filling

the

right

word

in

the

blanks

and

discuss

with

your

partner

about

their

Chinese

1

counterparts.

mule

lamb

dog

snail

fish

bee

snake

horse

sheep

fox

cat

lion

toad

goose

lark

1. as happy as a lark

2. as cunning as a fox

3. as stubborn as a mule

4. as busy as a bee

5. as slow as a snail

6. as strong as a horse

7. as ugly as a toad

8. as meek as a lamb

9. as brave as a lion

evil

as

a

snake

11. kill the goose that lays the golden eggs

12. black sheep of the family

13. lead a cat -and- dog life

14. love me, love my dog

Useful Words and Expressions

cultural

heritage

of

the < /p>

world

世界文化遗

cultural industries

文化产业

产

cradle of culture

文化摇篮

culture shock

文化冲击

hitch- hiking

搭乘

mainstream culture

主流文化

cross- cultural communication

跨文化交流

cultural treasures

文化宝藏

icon

偶像

brain drain

人才外流

diversity

多样性

oriental

东方的

bilateral

双边的

Confucius Institute

孔子学院

ink and wash painting

水墨画

Collectivism

集体主义

local customs and practices

风土人情

filial piety

孝道

native/rural/country culture

乡土文化

frugality

节俭

The big apple “

大苹果

”

，纽约

egalitarian

平等主义

champagne

香槟酒

money-orientated

金钱至上的

cocktail

鸡尾酒

ethnic

种族的，人种的

liqueur

烈酒

exotic

异国的，外来的，异国情调的

Part II

Listening

1.

Quotes about the United Kingdom

Read the new words below before listening.

commission

/k

?

'mi

?

?

n/ v. charge with a task

委托

self-irony

/self-

'ai

?

r

?

ni/

n.

a

subtle

form

of

humour

which

involves

saying

ironic

things

about oneself

自讽

parliamentary

/

?< /p>

p

ɑ

:l?

'm ent

?

ri/ adj. relating to or having the nature of a parliament

议会的，

国会的

dynamism

/'dain

?< /p>

miz

?

m/n. active strength of body or mind

活力，精力

2

ideology

/

?aidi'< /p>

?

l

?

d

?

i/ n. a set of beliefs, especially the political beliefs on which people,

parties, or countries base their actions

思想意识，

意识形态

manic

/'m?nik/ adj. affected with or marked by frenzy or mania uncontrolled by reason

躁狂

的，疯狂的

skinhead

/'skinhed/ n. a young person whose hair is shaved or cut very short

剃光头的年轻

人

Directions:

You

will

hear

a

number

of

quotes

from

people

across

the

globe

on

their

perceptions of the UK according to a survey commissioned by the British Council. Listen

and match column A with key words in column B.

COLUMN A

COLUMN B

1. ITALY

( e )

a. quality education

2. HUNGARY

( b )

b. self-irony

3. HONG KONG

( g )

c. heritage

4. JAPAN

( h )

d. limited

e. liveliness and people

?

s open-mindedness

5. KENYA

( a )

6. BANGLADESH

( c )

f. innovative trends in music

7. KOREA

( k )

g. drunk

h. discrimination and government.

8. GREECE

( f )

9. MEXICO

( d )

i. soccer

10. NIGERIA

( j )

j. high quality products

11. SAUDI ARABIA

( i )

k. royal family and democracy

Tapescript

Quotes about the United Kingdom

by British Council

A survey commissioned by the British Council gave rise to a number of quotes from people

across the globe on their perceptions of the UK.

?

First set of quotes

UAE

-

When

young

people

say

about

the

British

that

he's

unpleasant

or

old,

it

is

an

impression

we

have

from

the

time

when

Great

Britain

was

a

great

power

together

with

Portugal.

ITALY - I particularly liked the spirit, the liveliness, the people and their open-mindedness.

HUNGARY - It's so fantastic that they are able to look at themselves with self-irony. I think

this is exceptional. They write books and make movies that tell a negative picture about them

and they show it.

HONG KONG - A lot of them are drunk and cause trouble.

JAPAN

-

There

are

bad

points

such

as

discrimination

but

also

good

points

such

as

the

parliamentary government.

KENYA

-

It's

believed

that

if

you

go

for

further

education

in

Britain,

you

get

quality

education.

3

THAILAND - They seem so cold in general.

BANGLADESH - Heritage from Britain, technology and dynamism from the United States.

SINGAPORE - The British always give me the idea of old and boring.

KOREA

-

Underlying

the

British

people's

ideologies

is

their

deeply

rooted

tradition,

long

history, long history of the royal family and democracy, and the class structure.

GREECE - I am thinking about music. It's not by accident that the most innovative trends in

music come from England.

VIETNAM - UK is a small island but it has a global trading system.

?

Second set of quotes

MEXICO - The British are limited. They don't try new things.

JAPAN

-

British

scientists

are,

almost

manic,

in

particular

categories.

But

they

are

doing

something that really doesn't matter.

CZECH REPUBLIC - Britain was the first country with a constitution, I think. So there is a

real democratic tradition in Britain.

SPAIN - Out of the European countries I think the closest to the US is England; but you can't

separate them from Europe.

SINGAPORE - They have a group of white trash, you know, skinheads. That group is very,

very racist. But I think the majority is fine. In fact, I know there are some community leaders

that are black.

FRANCE - There are many differences between the English, the Irish and the Scottish. Irish

and Scottish are much more friendly.

HUNGARY - Their mistrust with strangers is also a characteristic. Usually this is said for the

Germans but it is far more true for the English.

NIGERIA - A British product is very high quality. You'll use it and use it until you are tired.

RUSSIA - People are very involved in the life of society, politics. They are very well aware

of what is going on.

GERMANY - The really crazy people all come from England.

SAUDI ARABIA - They don't have any famous artists. They like soccer.

2. Marriage Customs

Hollywood

好莱坞

courtship

/ 'k

?

?

t

?

ip/ n. the activity of courting or the time during which a man and

a woman are courting

求爱，追求

intermediary

/

?in t

?

'mi:di

?

< br>ri/ n. a person who passes messages or proposals between

two people or groups

中间人

undertake /

?

?

nd

?

'teik/ v. promise to do or accomplish

承担，从事

A

Directions

：

In

this

section

you

will

hear

an

extract

from

a

radio

talk

on

marriage

customs in different parts of the world by Professor Robin Stuart. Listen to the talk and

4

answer the following questions..

1)

How do people in the West perceive courtship and marriage despite the recent growth in

the number of divorces,?

They regard courtship and marriage through the eyes of a Hollywood producer.

2)

What is very common as far as marriage is concerned in India?

Arranged marriage

3)

In Japan, if one of the young people involved in the arranged meeting says

?Oh, no, I

could never marry him or her?, what will happen next?

They call the whole thing off.

B

Direction:

Listen to the talk again and fill in the blanks.

In parts of Africa, a man is allowed to have several wives. Now that sounds fine from the

man?s point of view, but in fact the man is

taking on a 1) great responsibility. When he takes

a new wife and buys her a nice present, he has to buy all his other wives 2) presents of equal

value

and,

although

we

are

obviously

speaking

of

a

3)

male-dominated

society,

the

wives

often

become

very

close

and

so,

if

there

is

a

disagreement

in

the

family,

the

husband

has

three or four wives to argue with 4) instead of just one.

Now,

most

listeners,

being

used

to

the

Western

style

of

courtship

and

marriage,

will

assume

this

is

the

best

system

and

the

one

with

greatest

chance

of

5)

producing

a

happy

marriage. But pause and reflect. Marriage must always be 6) something of a gamble. Going

out with somebody for six months is very different from being married to them for six years.

It is true that American women, brought up in the United States, who married Africans

and went to live in Africa, have sometimes found it 7) exceedingly difficult to

assume the

role of the wife of an African living in

Africa.

However, my

observations have led me to

believe

that

various

forms

of

arranged

marriage

have

just

as

much

8)

chance

of

bringing

happiness to the husband and wife as our Western system of choosing marriage partners.

Tapescript

Marriage Customs

Here is an extract from a radio talk on marriage customs in different parts of the world by

Professor Robin Stuart:

Despite

the

recent

growth

in

the

number

of

divorces,

we

in

the

West

still

tend

to

regard

courtship

and

marriage

through

the

eyes

of

a

Hollywood

p

roducer.

For

us

it?s

a

romantic

business. Boy meets girl, boy falls in love with girl, boy asks girl to marry him, girl accepts.

Wedding, flowers, big celebration.

But

in

other

parts

of

the

world

things

work

differently.

In

India,

for

instance,

arranged

marriage is still very common. An intermediary, usually a married lady, learns that a young

man wishes to get married and she undertakes to find him a suitable bride. The young couple

meets for the first time on the day of the wedding.

In Japan, too, arranged marriages still take place. But there things are organized in a different

way. A girl wishes to find a husband, and the girl?s mother, or an aunt perhaps, approaches

the mother of a suitable young man and the young couples are introduced. They get a chance

to have a look at one another and if one of them says ?Oh, no, I could never marry him or her,

5

they call the whole thing off. But if they like one another, then the wedding goes ahead.

In parts of Africa, a man is allowed to have several wives. Now that sounds fine from the

man?s point of view, but in fact the man is taking on a great responsibility. When he takes a

new wife and buys her a nice present, he has to buy all his wives presents of equal value and,

although we are obviously speaking of a male-dominated society, the wives often become

very

close

and

so,

if

there

is

a

disagreement

in

the

family,

the

husband

has

three

or

four

wives to argue with instead of just one.

Now, most listeners, being used to the Western style of courtship and marriage, will assume

that

this

is

the

best

system

and

the

one

with

the

greatest

chance

of

producing

a

happy

marriage. But pause and reflect. Marriage must always be something of a gamble. Going out

with somebody for six months is very different from being married to them for six years.

It is true that American women, brought up in the United States, who married Africans and

went to live in Africa, have sometimes found it exceedingly difficult to assume the role of

the wife of an African living in Africa. However, my observations have led me to believe

that various forms of arranged marriage have just as much chance of bringing happiness to

the husband and wife as our Western system of choosing marriage partners.

3. For Immigrants, Making Small Talk is Big Deal

Read the new words and phrase below before listening.

Brandeis University

n.

布兰迪斯大学

schmooze

/

?

mu:z/ v. talk casually and socially with someone

闲谈

Uganda

/ju(:)'

ɡ

?nd? /

n.

（国名）乌干达（东非国家）

Rwanda

/ru'?nd

?

/

n.

卢旺达（非洲国家）

chatty

/'t

?

?ti:/ adj. prone to friendly informal communication

爱闲聊的；

爱说话的

conversationalist

/

?k

?

nv

?

'sei

?

?

n

< br>?

list/ n.

someone skilled at conversation

健谈的

人

nosey

/'n

?

uzi:/

adj.

interested in things which do not concern them

<

口< /p>

>

好管闲事

的

,

爱追问的

suggestive

/