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主谓一致
主谓一致指的是谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。
谓语动词用单数
(1)
单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数动词。< p>
To work hard is
necessary
。
Reading without
comprehension is not good.
(2)
表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积等度量的名
词短语做主语时，谓语用单数。
Two weeks was too long.
Ten dollars is a small sum.
Five times five
makes twenty five.
(3)
某些不定代词，如：
anybody, anyone,
anything, somebody, someone, something, everybody,
everyone,everything,nobody,no one,
nothing
等，
当他们做主语时，
其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
例如：
Each of the boys has an
apple.
Somebody is using the phone.
(4)
用
a
nd
连接的并列成分如果指的是同一人，
同一事物或概念，
谓语动词用单数，
如
bread and
butter;
His teacher and friend
a beautiful girl.(be)
并列主语前面有
each, every,
no
等词修饰时，意义为单数，动词用单数形式。
例如：
In China,
every boy and girl has the right to compulsory
education.
Each man and
woman who takes the TOEFL is supposed to get the
score report in five weeks.
No book and no pen is found in the
schoolbag.
(5)
复数名词前有
one of, neither of,
either of, none of
时，谓语动词用单数，
One of the students is
hurt.
None of the
drivers has turned up.
(6)
名
词
作主语时
,
从意义上看是复数
,
但谓语动词常用单数
.
例如
:
More than
one teacher gets the flowers.
Many a student has been sent to plant
trees.
谓语动词用复数
(1)
用
and, both...a
nd
连接的并列主语，
或在
both,
(a)few, many, several
等修饰语后面谓语动词通
常用复数形式。
例如：
Plastics and rubber never
rot.
塑料和橡胶永不生锈。
He and I were
classmates when we were at college.
(2)
某些形容词前面加定冠词表示
一类人。作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
例如
The rich
not always selfish.(be)
The wounded
well treated
here. (be)
(3)
不可数名词作主语，其前有表示
数量的复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。
例如：
Three million tons of
coal
exported that
year. (be)
Two million
square meters of housing
constructed in my hometown last year.
(be)
(4)
复数名词
+
定语从句
结构中
,<
/p>
定语从句的谓语动词要用复数
;
而在
复数名词
+
定语从
句
的结构中
,
定语从句的谓语动词要用单数
.
He is one of the students who
there on time. (get)
He is the only one of the students who
absent. (be)
1
主谓一致的几种特殊情况
1.
就近原则
:
谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致，主要有以下两种情况：
(1)
连词
either...or,
neither...nor, whether...or, not only...but(also),
or
等连接的并列主语，例如：
What he does or what he says
not concern me. (do)
Either the boy or the girl
him well. (know)
Not only you but also he
wrong. (be)
(2) there
be
句型中，谓语动词往往和后面的第一个主语取得一致。
There
a book, two pencils and some buttons on
the table. (be)
There
two pencils, a book and some buttons on
the table. (be)
2
就前原则
(
即谓语动词与前面的名词一致
)
名词
A+ as well as (
以及
)
，
with
，
along with(
跟
……
一起
)
，
to
gether with(
与
……
一起
),
including(
包括
)
，
besides(
加之，
还有
), but(
除了
)
，
except(
除
……
外
)<
/p>
，
rather
than(
而不是
), no less
than (
不少于
……
，多
达
)
，
more than(
不止是，超过
)
，等
+
名词
B
，谓语动词与名词
A
一致<
/p>
Every teacher as well as his
students
to see their
progress. (hope)
Mary, together with her
parents,
been to the
Summer Palace twice.(have)
All but Tom
known the truth so far. (have)
3
就后原则（与后接名词或代词保持一致）
用分数
+
of
百分数
+ of; some of part of
half of most of the rest of part of, most
of, a
portion of, the following
< br>等数量词引起主语时
,
动词通常与
of
后面的名词
,
代词保持一致
.
Most
of his money
spent on books.(be)
Two thirds of
people present
women. (be)
40
percent of the students
from the south of China.
(be)
The following
good
examples.(be)
4
指代意义决定谓语的单复数
1)
在代词
some, any,
all
等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定
.
All
right. (be)
All
present. (be)
2)
集体名词作主语时
,
谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定
.
如
family, audience,
class, company,
committee
等词后
用复数形式时
,
意为这个集体中的各个成员
,
用单数时表示该个集体
.
His family
very large. (be)
His
family
music
lovers(
音乐爱好者
). (be)
但集合名词
people, police, cattle,
poultry(
家禽
).
等在任何情
况下都用复数
.
Are
there any police around?
5
以<
/p>
-s
结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题
英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加
-s
或
-es
，
< br>但有一些以
-s
结尾的名词并不是可数名词。
（一）以
-s
结尾的疾
病名称作主语的主谓一致问题
, arthritis
关节炎<
/p>
,bronchitis
支气管
炎
,diabetes .
糖尿病
,mump
s
腮腺炎
,phlebitis
静脉炎
,rickets
佝偻病
,
这类以
-s
结尾的疾病名称作
主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
Arthritis
great pain in the joints of the
patient. (cause)
（二）以
-s
结尾的游戏名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用作单数。
Darts(
飞镖
)
basically an easy game.
(be)
2
但当
Darts
，
Marbles
弹球等的意义为游戏器具而非游戏名称时，谓语动词通常用作复数。
Three darts
thrown at each turn.
(be)
All nine skittles(
撞柱游戏用的小柱
)
brought down by the good throw. (be)
（三）某些以
-s
结尾的地理名称，如果是
国名，如
the United
States
，
the Netherlands
等，因其
是单一政治实体，所以谓语动词用作单数。
例如：
The United States
hit by the Great Depression in 1930s'.
(be)
In early January 1996 the
Netherlands
hit by its
worst storm since 1976. (be)
但如果是群岛、山脉、
海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用作复数。例如：
The West Indies
commonly divided into two parts. (be) <
/p>
（四）
某些以
-ics
< br>结尾的学科名称作主语时，
如
physics,
mathematics, mechanics, optics, acoustics,
politics statistics, economics,
linguistics, athletics
等
,
谓语动词通常用作单数。
Athletics
a
required course for students of all grades. (be) <
/p>
但如果这类名词表示学科以外的其它含义，如：
mathemat
ics
（运算能力）
politics(
政治观
点
)economics
（经
济意义）等作复数用。
Athletics
been greatly encouraged at this
college. (have)
㈤
英语中有一些通常以
-s
结尾的由两部分组成的物体名词，如
glasses, shoes, scissors, shorts,
suspenders, trousers
等
,
前面若有
一条
一副
一把
< br>
之类的单位词
,
动词用单数
;
若没有单位词
或单位词是复数
,
则谓语动词用复数
.
The shoes
all
right. (be)
This pair of shoes
beautiful. (be)
6.
定语从句中关系代词做主语时，其谓语动词的数必须与其先行词一致。
例如：
I, who
your friend, will try my
best to help you. (be)
7.
each
作主语的同位语时
,
谓语动
词由主语来决定
,
与
each
无关
.
They
each
a bike. (have)
Each of them
a bike. (have)
一、课堂精讲例题
例题
1. Either you or the
president _______ the prizes to these gifted
winners at the meeting.
A.
is handing out
B. are to hand out
C. are handing
out
D. is to hand out
例题
2. Mathematics _______ the
language of science.
A. are
B. are going to be
C. is
D. is to be
例题
3. At the bus stop ______a
soldier and two young people on their way to the
village.
A. were
B.
was
C. is
D. sits
例
4. He and I _____colleges
when we were in Shanghai.
例题<
/p>
5
：
Neither Tom nor
Jack and I ____ his students.
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