-
主谓一致
主谓一致精讲精练
一、
指导原则主谓一致指“人称”和
“数”方面的一致关系。对大多数人来说，往往会在
掌握主语和随后的谓语动词之间的一
致问题上遇到困难。
一般情况下，
主谓之间的一致关系
由以下三个原则支配：语法一致原则
(grammatical
concord)
意义一致原则
(notional
concord)
就近原则
(principle of proximity)
（一）
语法一致原则用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、<
/p>
复数形式上的一致，
就是
语法一致。也就
是说，如果名词中心词是单数，动词用单数形式；如果名词中心词是复数，
动词用复数形
式。例如：
This table is a genuine antique.
Both parties
have their own advantages.
Her job has something to do with
computers.
She
wants to go home.
They are divorcing each other.
Mary was
watching herself in the mirror.
The bird built a nest.
Susan comes home every week-end.
（二）
意义一致原则有时，主语和谓
语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是
语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一
致关系就是意义一致。例如：
Democratic
government
gradually take
the place of an all-powerful monarchy.
A barracks was attacked by
the guerilla.
Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.
The United
States is a developed country.
It is the remains of a
ruined palace.
The archives was lost.
This
pair of trousers costs fifty dollars.
（三）就近原则有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。例如：
Either
my grandsons or their father is coming.
No one except
his daughters agree with him.
Mary and her sisters are
baking a cake.
Neither Richard nor I am
going.
二、以集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题
有些集合名词，
如
< br>committee,council,crew,crowd,family,gang,govern ment,group,mob,staff,team,
union
等，在意义上是复数，但在语法形式上是单数，这类名词作主语的主谓一致问题往往
遵循“语法一致”或“意义一致”原则。例如：
The
committee has/have decided to dismiss him.
A council of elders governs the tribe.
The present government is trying to
control inflation.
The school staff are
expected to supervise school meals.
（一）通常作复数的集体名词
1
主谓一致
包括
police,people, cattle,
militia,
vermin
等，这些集体名词通常用作复数。例如：
The British police have only very
limited powers.
The militia were called
out to guard the borderland.
It
seems
the
cattle
on
the
sides
of
the
dikes
were
the
only
living
creatures
in
these
desolate
surroundings.
（二
）通常作不可数名词的集体名词通常作不可数名词的集体名词，包括
poultry,f
oliage
，
machinery,equipment,f
urniture,merchandise
等
,
这类名词后的动词用单数形式。
例如：
Poultr
y is
expensive at this time of year.
That green foliage was restful.
The merchandise has arrived undamaged.
All the machinery in the factory is
made in China.
The suite of furniture
he bought was of contemporary style.
The equipment of the photographic
studio was expensive.
（三）可作
单数也可作复数的集体名词可作单数也可作复数的集体名词
,
包
括
audience,
committee, crew,
family,
government,jury
等。例如：
The
audience was/were enthusiastic on the
opening night of the play.
The committee has/have decided to
dismiss him.
The jury is/are about to
announce the winners.
The government
has/have discussed the matter for a long time.
三、
a committee,
etc of +
复数名词的主谓一致问题如果主语是由
a
committee of /a panel of /a
(the) board
of +
复数名词构成，随后的动词通常用单数。例如：
A committee of twelve men is to discuss
the matter.
A
panel of experts has considered the situation.
The board of managers is responsible
for the firm.
四、以
-s
结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加
-s
或
-es
，但是
有一些以
-s
结尾的名词并不是可数名词。它们用法多样，造成
了实际使用上的困
难，以下详述了以
-s
结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题。
（一）以
-s
结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题
（二）以
-s
结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一
致问题
（三）以
-s
结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题
（四）以
-ics
结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题
（五）其它以
-s
结尾的名词的
主谓一致问题
（一）以
-s
结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题
以
-s
结
尾
的
疾
病
名
称
作
主
语
的
主
谓
一
致
问
题
,
如
：
arthritis,bronchitis,diabe
tes,mumps,phlebitis,rickets,
这类以
< br>-s
结尾的疾病名称作主语时，
谓语动
< br>词通常用作单数。例如：
Arthritis
causes great pain in the joints of the patient.
The diabetes is a kind of chronic
disease.
Measles usually occurs in
children.
Phlebitis is a swollen
condition of the blood vessels.
2
主谓一致
（二）以
-s
结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题
以
-s
结尾
的游戏名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用作单数。例如：
Darts is basically a easy game.
Marbles is not confined to children.
Skittles is not fashionable nowadays.
Draughts is not very difficult to
learn.
但当
Darts
，
Marbles
等的意义为游戏器具而非游戏名称时，
谓语动词通常用作复数。
例
如：
Three darts
are thrown at each turn.
All nine
skittles were brought down by the good throw.
（三）以
-s
结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题
某些以
-s
结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如
the United
States
，
the Netherlands
等，因其
是单一政治实体，所以谓语动词用作单数。例如：
< br>
The United States was hit by the
Great Depression in 1930s'.
In early
January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst
storm since 1976.
< br>但如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用作复数。例如：
The West Indies are commonly divided
into two parts.
The Himalayas have a
magnificent variety of plant.
The
Straits of Gibraltar have not lost their strategic
importance.
The Niagara Falls are
perhaps the most splendid waterfall in the world.
（四）以
-ics
< br>结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题
某些以
-ics
结尾的学科名称作主语时，
如
physics,mathe
matics,mechanics, optics, acoustics,
politics statistics, economics,
linguistics, athletics
等
,
谓语动词通常用作单数。
例如：
Physics is a
fundamental subject in science.
The
third world economics is promising.
Acoustics studies the science of sound.
Mathematics is an interesting subject.
Athletics is a required course for
students of all grades.
但如果这类名词表示学科以外的其它含义，可作复数用。例如：
Athletics have been greatly encouraged
at this college.
The acoustics of the
new concert hall are perfect.
The
economics of the project are still at issue.
（五）其它以
-s
< br>结尾的名词的主谓一致问题
A.
以
-s
结尾的由两部分组成的物体名称作主语
英语中有一些通常以<
/p>
-s
结尾的由两部分组成的物体名词，
如
glasses, pincers,pliers,scissors,
shorts,suspenders,trousers
等，这类名词做
主语，如果不带“一把”
、
“一副”等单位词，谓语
动词通常用复数。例如：
Mary's
glasses are new.
John's trousers are
black.
如果带有单位词，
则由单位词决定动词的单、复数形式。例如：
One pair of pincers isn't enough.
Two pairs of scissors are missing from
my tool box.
B.
其他以
-s
结尾的名词
3
主谓一致
英语中还有一些以
-
s
结尾的名词，如
archives
，
arms,clothes,
contents,
eaves,
fireworks,
goods, minutes, morals, remains stairs,
suburbs, thanks,wages
这类名词作主语时，
谓语动词通常
用复数。例如：
The archives of the country are kept in
the Department of Security.
The
contents of the book are most amusing.
High wages often result in high prices.
My thanks are sincere.
五、如果句子的主语是并列结构，其主谓一致问题通常遵循以下原则：
（一）由
and/both...and
连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题
（二）由
< br>or/nor/either...or
连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题
（三）主语
+
as much as,etc
的主谓一致问题
（一）由
and/both...and
连接的并列
主语的主谓一致问题
由
and/both...and
连接的并列结构
作主语，可根据主语的意义决定谓语动词的单、复数
形式。例如：
Pancakes and syrup is a tasty
breakfast.
The number and diversity of
British newspaper is considerable.
Good
and bad taste are inculcated by example.
Fish and chips are getting very
expensive.
A truck and a car were in
the ditch.
Both Cathy and her daughter
Lida have gone fishing in Canada.
当
and
连
接的并列名词词组带有
each
，
ev
ery,
或者
many
a
等限定词时，谓语动词通常
用单数。例如：
Each man and each woman there is asked
to help.
Every flower and every bush is
to be cut down.
Every change of season,
every change of weather, indeed every hour of the
day, produces some
change in the
magical hues and shapes of these mountains.
Many a boy was disappointed after
seeing the film.
（二）由
or/nor/either...or
连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题
由
or,nor,either...or,
neither...nor,not only...but also
连接的并列结
构作主语，随后的动词形
式通常按照“就近原则”处理。
Neither Lucy nor Carol has any money
left.
Neither sleet nor snow stops him
from driving his new Mercedes-Benz.
Either Tina or Carol is sure to know
the answer.
Neither my father nor my
brothers are likely to be at theater.
Neither the Kansas coach nor the
players were confident of victory.
Not
only one, but all of us are hoping to be there.
Not only the switches but also the old
wiring has been stolen.
（三）主语
+ as much
as,etc
的主谓一致问题
当主语后面跟有由
as much
as, rather than , more than, no less than
< br>等引导的从属结构，
或
跟有由
a
s well as, in addition to ,with, along with,
together with,
except
等引导的词组时，
其后
的动词形式取决主语的形式。例如：
The vessel, with its entire crew and
cargo was lost.
The ocean, as well as
the gulf and the bay, provides good fishing.
4