-
-
-
.
主谓一致
主谓一致是指:
1
)
语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2
)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。<
/p>
3
)
就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,
一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。
There is much
water in the thermos.
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Ten thousand
tons of coal were produced last year.
15.1
并列结构作主语时谓语用复数
Reading and writing are very important.
注意:
当主语由
and
连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一
人或同一物时,
谓语动词用单数,
and
此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
The iron and
steel industry is very important to our life.
典型例题
The
League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a
speech at the meeting.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
答案
B.
注:先从时态上考虑。这是
过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除
A.
,
C.
。本题
易误选
D
,因为
The League secretary and
monitor
好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,
monitor
前
没有
the
,
在英语中,
当一人
兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。
后面的职务用
and <
/p>
相连。
这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选
B
。
15.2
主谓一致中的靠近原则
1
)当
there be
句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several
books on the desk..
There are twenty boy-
students and twenty-three girl-students in the
class.
2
)当
either
…
or
…
与<
/p>
neither
…
nor
,
连
接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保
持一致。如果句子是由
here, there
引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语
p>
一致。
Either you or she is to go.
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some
paper for you.
15.3
谓语动词与前面的主语一致
当主语后面跟有
with,
together with, like, except, but, no less than, as
well as
等词引起
的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一
致。
The teacher together with
some students is visiting the factory.
He
as well as I wants to go boating.
15.4
谓语需用单数
1
)
代词<
/p>
each
和由
every, some,
no,
any
等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有
each,
every,
谓语需用单数。
Each of us has a tape-recorder.
-
-
考试资料
-
-
.
There is something wrong with my watch.
2
)
当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。
The Arabian Night is a book known to
lovers of English.
<<
天方夜谭
>>
是英语爱好者
熟悉的一本好书。
3
)
表示金
钱,
时间,
价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,
通常把这些名词看作一个整
体,谓语一般用单数。
(<
/p>
用复数也可,意思不变。
)
Three weeks was allowed for making the
necessary preparations.
Ten yuan is
enough.
15.5
指代意义决定谓语的单复数
1
)
在代词
what, which, who, none,
some, any, more, most, all
等词的单复数由其指代的
p>
词的单复数决定。
All is right.
(
一切顺利。
)
All are present.
(
所有人都到齐了。
)
2
)
集体名
词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如
family,
audience,
crew,
crowd, class, company, committee
等词后用复数形式时,
意为这个集体中的各个成员,
用
单数
时表示该个集体。
His family isn
‘
t
very large.
他家不是一个大家庭。
His family are music lovers.
他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词
people, police, cattle,
poultry
等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
Are there any police around?
3
)有些名词,如
variety,
number, population, proportion, majority
等有时看作单数,有时
看作复数。
A
number of +
名词复数
+
复
数动词。
The number of +
名
词复数
+
单数动词。
A
number of books have lent out.
The majority of
the students like English.
15.6
与后接名词或代词保持一致
1
)
用
half of, part of, most of,
a portion of
等词引起主语时,
动词通常与
p>
of
后面的名词,
代词保持一致。
Most of his money is spent on books.
Most of the students are taking an
active part in sports.
2
)
在一些短语,如
many a
或
more than one <
/p>
所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单
数形式。但由
more than
…
of
作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
Many a person has read the novel.
许多人都读过这本书。
More than 60 percent of the students
are from the city.
百分之六十多的学生都来自这个
城市。
-
-
考试资料
-
-
.
主谓一致的用法及专项练习题
一、主谓一致三原则
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,
主谓一致必须遵循三原
则:语法一致
原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
1.
语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式
,主语是复数形式,
谓语也用复
数形式。
Tom is a good student.
汤姆是个好学生。
They often play football on
the playground.
他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2.
意义一致:指主语形式上为单
数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;
或主语形式上
-
-
考试资料
-
-
.
为复
数
,
但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。
My family
are having lunch now.
我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too
expensive for the book.
p>
这本书
20
美元太贵了。
< br>
3.
就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决
于最靠近他的主语。
例如:
Not only the teacher but
also his students like playing football.
不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen
and some books on the desk.
课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、主谓一致常考题型
1.
单数名词
(
代词
)
,不可数名词作主语时,
谓语用单数形式,复数名词
(
代词
)<
/p>
作
主语,谓语用
复数形式。
The desk is
Tom
’
s.
这张桌子是汤姆的。
Some water is in the
bottle.
一些水在瓶子里。
The students are playing
football on the playground.
这些学生正在操场上
踢足球。
-
-
考试资料
-
-
.
2. many a+
单数名词作主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式。
Many a student
has been to Shanghai.
许多学生到过上海。
3. more than
one+
单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。
More than one
student has ever been to Beijing.
不止一个学生曾经去过
北京。
4.
表
示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这
些通常作一个<
/p>
整体概念,谓语用单数形式。例如:
Two months is a long holiday.
两个月是一个长假。
Twenty
pounds isn
’
t so heavy.
2
0
英镑并不太重。
Ten
miles isn
’
t a long distance.
1
0
英里并不是一段很长的距离。
Five minus four is one.
p>
5
减
4
等于
1
。
5.
主
语是
each/every+
单数名词
+and(each/every)+
单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。
< br>
Each boy
and each girl has got a seat.
每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
Every man and every woman
is at work.
每个男人和女人都在工作。
6. one and a
half+
复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
One and a half
hours is enough.
一个半小时足够了。
-
-
考试资料
-
-
.
7.
动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
To see is to
believe
眼见为实。
Doing eye exercises is good
for your eyes.
做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
8.
a/an+
单数名词
+or two
作主语,谓语动词用单数。
A student or two has failed
the exam.
一两个学生考试不及格。
9.
当
主语部分含有
with
,
togeth
er with
,
along
with
,
as well as
,<
/p>
besides
,
except
,
but
,
like<
/p>
等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词用单数形式;但“名词
+as
well
as+
名词”时,谓
语动词一般
应与第一个名词一致。
Mike with his father has
been to England.
迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
Mike,like his
brother,enjoys playing football
迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢
足球。
The students as well as the
teacher were present at the meeting.
-
-
考试资料
-
-
.
10.
由
and
连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但
and
所连接的并
列主语是同
一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下:<
/p>
a/the+
单数
名词
< br>+and+
单
数名词,指的是
同一个人或物;
a/the+
单数名词
+and+a/the+
单数名词,指两个人
或物。
The writer and teacher is
coming.
那位作家兼教师
来了。
(
作家和教师指同一个
人
)
The
writer and the teacher are coming.
作家和老师来了。
(
作家和老师是两
个人
)
11. people,poli
ce
等集体名词作主语,
谓语动词用复数形式,
family,class,group,team
等集体名词作
主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个具体成员时,谓语
动词
复数形式。
People here are very
friendly.
这儿的人很友好。
His family
isn
’
t large.
他家的人不多。
My family all like watching
TV.
我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
-
-
考试资料
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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