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主谓一致
（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就
是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1
、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓
语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓
语动词用复数形式。
His father is working on the farm. / To
study English well is not easy. / What he said is
very important for us all. / The children
were in the classroom two hours ago. /
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
注意：由
what
< br>引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或
wha
t
从句是一个带有复数
意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复
数形式。
What I bought
were
three English books.
/
What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.
2
、由连接词
and
或
both ...
and
连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。
如：
Lucy and Lily are twins. /
She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl
were surprised when they heard the news. / Both
she and he are Young Pioneers.
注意：①
若
and
所连接的两个词是指
同一个人
或物
时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
如：
The writer and artist has
come.
war and
peace, knife and fork, bread and butter
等
②
由
and
连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有
no, each, every more than a (an) , many
a (an)
修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数
形式。如：
Every student and every teacher was in the
room.. / No boy and no girl likes it.
3
、
主语为单数名词或代词，
尽管后面跟有
with, together with, along
with
,
like,
unlike,
as well as,
including,
rather than,
more
than, no less than,
besides, except, bu
t,
等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。
如：
Mr Green, together
with his wife and children, has come to China. /
Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. /
She,
like you and Tom, is very tall.
4
、
either,
neither, each, every
或
no
+
单数名词和由
some, any, no,
every
构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
如：
Each of us has a new book.
/ Everything around us is matter.
注意：①
在口语中当
either
或
neither
后跟有
复数名词（或代词）
作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。
Neither of the texts is (are)
interesting.
②
若
none
of
后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或
复数都可以。
None of us
has (have) been to America.
5
、在定语从句时，关系代词
that, who, whi
ch
等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
He is one of my friends who are working
hard.
注意：
He is the only one
of my friends who is working hard.
6
、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集
体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有
family, class,
crowd, committee, population,
audience
等。
Class
Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are
unable to agree upon a monitor.
注意：
people, police,
cattle
等名词一般都用作复数。如：
The
police are looking for the lost child.
7
、
由
名词
构成的短语以及由
分数或百分数
+
名词
构成的短语
作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中
后面名词的数而定
。
如：
There are a lot of people
in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is
wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are
girls.
注意：
a number of
许多
，
作定语修饰复数名词，
谓语用复数；
the number of
的数量
，
主语是
number
，
谓语用单数。
8
、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
如：
There comes the bus./ On
the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result.
/ Such are the facts.
（二）逻辑
意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义
为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）
。
1
、
what, who,
which, any, more,
all
等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。
如：
Which is your bag? / Which
are your bags? / All is going well. / All have
gone to Beijing.
2
、表示
时间、重量、长度、价值
<
/p>
等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，
这是由于作主语的名词在
概念上是一个整体，如：
Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
3
、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧
名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
如：
4
、
表数量的短语
后接复数名词作主语时，
其谓语动词可用单数形式
（也可用复数。
如：
One and a half
apples
is (are) left on the table.
5
、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通
常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：
Twelve plus eight
is twenty. / Fifty-six
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