-
Such as
一、
such as
的七个用法
1.
表示举例，
such as
意为“例如，诸如此类的，像……那样的”，相当于
like
。
such as
用
来列举事物时
,
一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列
举的事物与
前面的名词之间，
as
后面
不可有逗号。例如
:
Some
of the rubbish, such as food, paper and iron, rots
away over a long
period of time.
有些废物，如剩饭、废纸和废铁
,<
/p>
时间一久就烂掉了。
There
are few poets such as Keats and Shelly.
像济慈和雪莱这样的诗人现在很
少了。
Adverbs are used to modify verbs, such
as “quickly” in “she ran fast”.
副词用来修饰动词，例如“她跑得快”中的“快”。
Animals such as rabbits and deer
continue to be active all
winter
，
finding
food wherever they can .
像兔和
鹿这样的动物整个冬天都是很活跃的，它们到处寻找食
物。
He knows four languages, such as
Chinese and English.
他会说四种语言
,
如汉语
和英语。
用于此义时的几点说明：
(1)
这类结构既可表现为“
名词
+such
as+
例子
”，也可表现为“
such
+
名词
+as+
例
子
”。如：
I enjoy
songs such as this one. = I enjoy such songs as
this one.
我喜欢像这首歌一样的歌。
(2)
若
such as
后接动词，通常用动名词，有时也可用动词原形
。如：
Don’t do anything silly such as marry
him. 不要做什么蠢事，比如说去嫁给
他。
Magicians often perform tricks such as
pulling a rabbit out of a hat.
魔术师常常变从帽子里抓出兔子的戏法。
(3)
不要按汉语意思将
such
as
用作
such
like
。
(4)
such as
后不可列出前面所提过的所有东西。如：
正：
I know four languages,
such as Japanese and English.
我懂四种语言，如日语、英语。
误：
I know four languages,
such as Chinese, French, Japanese and English.
我懂四种语言，如汉语、法语、日语和英语。
(5)
在现代英语中，
such
as
可与
etc.
连用。如：
They
planted many flowers, such as roses,
sunflowers
，
etc.
他们种了许多种花，如玫瑰花、向日葵等。
They export a 1ot of
fruits
，
such as oranges
，
lemons
，
etc.
他们出口许多水果，如桔子、柠檬等。
2. such as
表示“像……这样的”，其中的
as
用作关系代词，引导定语从句，
as
在定语从句中用作主语或宾语。此外，不要按汉语意思把该结构中的
as
换成
like
。如：
He is not such a fool as he looks.
他并不像他看起来那么傻。
Such
men as he (is) are rare now.
现在像他这样的人很少了。
3. such as
表示“凡是……的人
< br>(
或事物)”、“所有……的人
(
事物)”，其意相当于
everything that,
all those, those that
(who)
等。其中的
such
为先行词，
as
为关系
代词。如：
Take such (things) as you need.
你需要什么就拿什么。
You
may choose such as you prefer.
你可挑选自己想要的东西。
Such
(people) as have knowledge and skill will not want
to work.
有知识和技能的人不愁没有工作。
4.
有时
such as
整个儿用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句。如：
We had hoped to give you a chance such
as nobody else ever had.
我们本来希望给你一个别人从未有过的机会。
Then I left
it
，
feeling a weight at my
heart such as I had never had before.
然后我离开那里，心头感到一种前所未有的沉重心情。
5.
用于
such…as to do
sth
.
，表示结果，其中的
such
为限定语，
as to do sth
表
示结果。如：
It was such a loud noise as to wake
everybody in the house.
声音很大，屋里的所有人都被吵醒了。
You shouldn’t put such high prices as
to frighten your customers off.
你不应该要价这么高，以致把顾客都吓跑了。
6.
用于
such as to do sth.
< br>，表示程度或结果。其中的
such
是代词，
as to do sth
引出的结构作程度状语或结果状语。如：
Her illness was not such as to cause
anxiety.
她的病不是很重，不必担心。
The pain in her foot wasn’t such as to
stop her walking.
她脚疼，但还不至
于不能行走。
7.
用于
such as it is
构成习语，表示让步，意思是“尽管不怎么好”“尽管不一
定正确”“尽管没什么价值或
重要性”。如：
The food, such as it
is, is plentiful.
食物不是很好，但量很多。
You
may use my bike, such as it is.
尽管我的自行车不好，你可以将就着用吧。
You’re welcome to join us for supper,
such as it is—we’re only having
soup
and bread.
欢迎你和我
们一起吃晚饭，只是没什么好吃的——只有汤和面包。
二、
such as
与其他相似结构的区别
1.
such…as
与
such…that
such ... as
前者用于引导定语从句，
such
... that
后者用于引导结果状语从
句。如：
I’ve never heard such stories as he
tells. 我从未听过他讲那样的故事。
It was
such a cold day that there was nobody on the
street.
天气很冷，街上
没有一个人。
试比较：
He is such a
good teacher as we all respect.
他是一位我们大
家都尊敬的好老
师。
(as
引导的是定
语从句，
as
在该定语从句中用作
r
espect
的宾语
)
He is such a good teacher that we all
respect him.
他是那样一位好老师，以致于我们大家都尊敬他。
(that
引导的是结果状语从句，
that
在该
状语从句中不充当句子成分，另外注意句中的
respect
带
有宾语
him)
2. such as
与
as
such
such as
与
as such
两者词序相反，意义区别也很大，
as such
有两个主要意思：
(1)
表示“按照某词通用的词义”“根据某词严格的词义”。如：
It’s not an agreement as such, but it
will have virtually the same effect
as
one.
就协议的词义而言，它算不上是协定，但实际上起
到了协定的作用。
I can’t call my
book a best seller as such but it’s very
popular.
我不敢说我的书是畅销书，但可以说很受欢迎。
(2)
表示“就本身而论”。如：
Money as such will seldom bring
happiness.
金钱本身很少带来幸福。
Money, as such, does not bring
happiness.
金钱本身并不给人带来快乐。
(3)
表示“以某种身份
(
或资格)”“像所指的人
(
或事物
)
那样”。如：
She
is a kind woman and is known as such.
她
是位好心肠的女人，这是大家知道
的。
He is the author of the article, but he
does not desire to be known as such.
他是文章的作者，但他不想让人知道他是作者。
for example
for example
作“例如”讲时，一般只以同类事物或
人中的“一个”为例，作插入
语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。
For
example
，
air is invisible.
例如，空气是看不见的。
He
，
for
example
，
is a good student.
例如，他就是个好学生。
Some students, for example, Tim, live
far away from here.
有些学生
,
比如
Tim
，住在
离这很远的地方。
for example
< br>用来举例说明某一论点或情况，一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为
例，作插入语
，可位于句首、句中或句末。例如：
Ball games,
for example, have spread around the world.
例如
,
球类
运动已经在世界各地传播开了。
What would you do if you met a wild
animal - a lion, for example
如果遇上野兽，例如狮子，你该怎么办