现在分词用法讲解

现在分词

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一、现在分词：在句中可以做表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。

现在分词

一般

完成

主动

(not) doing

(not) having done

被动

(not) being done

(not) having been done

二、现在分词的基本用法

1.

作表语：表主语的特征。如

amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing

。

2.

作定语：

(1).

表示主动的、进行的状态：

The girl wearing blue skirt is my sister. = The girl who is

wearing blue skirt is my sister.

（比较：

The factory being built now is a big one.

）

(2).

说明被修饰词的性质和特征：

This is an interesting story.

(3).

相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开：

Tom,

wearing

beautiful

clothes,

followed

me

down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.

(4).

与

adv

. /

n

.

构成复合词作定语：

This is an English- speaking country.

3.

作状语：

表示主动的、

进行的状态，其逻辑主语是句中的主语。

(

如果不是，需在

v.-ing

形式前加名词或代词作逻辑主语

: Time permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.)

(1).

原因状语：

Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home.

(2).

时间状语：

Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking.

如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词 前加上

when

或

while

：

While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon.

(3).

条件状语：

Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class.

(4).

让步状语：

Weighing almost two hundred kilograms, the stone was moved by him alone.

(5).

结果状语：

He died, leaving nothing but debts.

(6).

伴随状语：

He sat by the desk, begging.

注意：

The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in the sunshine.

由此可知伴随状语的

特点：①主 语所做的另一动作或②与谓语动作

(

状态

)

同时发生或③对谓语进行补充说明。

(7).

方式状语：

Following their teacher, the students entered the room quietly.

4.

作宾补：

表示主动的、

进行的状态，

与宾语有逻辑上的

“主表”

或

“主谓”

关系：

W e all

found his equipment interesting. (

主表关系

) / I saw Mary going upstairs then. (

主谓关系

)

三、现在分词的两个基本特点

1.

在时间上表示动作正在进行：

a

developing

country,

boiling

water,

rising

sun

(

比较

:

a

developed country, boiled water, risen sun)

2.

在语态上表示主动：

the ruling class

统治阶级，

the exploiting class

剥削阶级

(

比较：

the

ruled class

被统治阶级，

the exploited class

被剥削阶级

)

四、独立主格结构（

Absolute Phrase

）由两部分组成，前一部分是名词或者代词，后一部分

是不定式、现在分 词、过去分词、形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主

谓关系。其本身 不是句子，在句子中作状语，表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。

A lecture

to be given

tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night.

（原因）

Weather

permitting

, we are going to visit you tomorrow.

（条件）

He was lying on the grass, his hands

crossed

under his head.

（伴随）

An air accident happened to the plane, nobody

alive

.

（结果）

The meeting

over

, they all went home.

（时间）

Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them

children

.

（结果）

The boy goes to the classroom, book

in hand

.

（伴随）

Another story to be completed, the writer stayed up almost every night.

（目的）