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现在分词
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一、现在分词：在句中可以做表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。
现在分词
一般
完成
主动
(not) doing
(not) having done
被动
(not) being
done
(not) having been done
二、现在分词的基本用法
1.
作表语：表主语的特征。如
amusing,
discouraging, puzzling, refreshing,
astonishing
。
2.
作定语：
(1).
表示主动的、进行的状态：
The girl wearing
blue skirt is my sister. = The girl who is
wearing blue skirt is my sister.
（比较：
The factory being built
now is a big one.
）
(2).
说明被修饰词的性质和特征：
This is an
interesting story.
(3).
相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开：
Tom,
wearing
beautiful
clothes,
followed
me
down the hill. = Tom, who
is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the
hill.
(4).
与
adv
. /
n
.
构成复合词作定语：
This is an English-
speaking country.
3.
作状语：
表示主动的、
进行的状态，其逻辑主语是句中的主语。
(
如果不是，需在
v.-ing
形式前加名词或代词作逻辑主语
: Time
permitting, the football match will be played on
Friday.)
(1).
原因状语：
Not having been invited
to the party, she had to stay home.
(2).
时间状语：
Seeing
their teacher coming, the students stopped
talking.
如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词
前加上
when
或
while
：
While waiting for the plane, I
had a long talk with Simon.
(3).
条件状语：
Working harder, you'll
be No. 1 in your class.
(4).
让步状语：
Weighing almost two
hundred kilograms, the stone was moved by him
alone.
(5).
结果状语：
He died, leaving
nothing but debts.
(6).
伴随状语：
He sat by the desk,
begging.
注意：
The
park was full of people, enjoying themselves in
the sunshine.
由此可知伴随状语的
特点：①主
语所做的另一动作或②与谓语动作
(
状态
)
同时发生或③对谓语进行补充说明。
(7).
方式状语：
Following their
teacher, the students entered the room quietly.
4.
作宾补：
表示主动的、
进行的状态，
与宾语有逻辑上的
“主表”
或
“主谓”
关系：
W
e all
found his equipment interesting.
(
主表关系
) / I saw Mary going
upstairs then. (
主谓关系
)
三、现在分词的两个基本特点
1.
在时间上表示动作正在进行：
a
developing
country,
boiling
water,
rising
sun
(
比较
:
a
developed country, boiled water, risen
sun)
2.
在语态上表示主动：
the ruling class
统治阶级，
the exploiting class
剥削阶级
(
比较：
the
ruled class
被统治阶级，
the exploited class
被剥削阶级
)
四、独立主格结构（
Absolute Phrase
）由两部分组成，前一部分是名词或者代词，后一部分
是不定式、现在分
词、过去分词、形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主
谓关系。其本身
不是句子，在句子中作状语，表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
A lecture
to be
given
tomorrow, the professor has to
stay up late into the night.
（原因）
Weather
permitting
, we are going to
visit you tomorrow.
（条件）
He was lying on the grass, his hands
crossed
under his head.
（伴随）
An air
accident happened to the plane, nobody
alive
.
（结果）
The meeting
over
, they all went home.
（时间）
Two hundred
people died in the accident, many of them
children
.
（结果）
The boy goes
to the classroom, book
in
hand
.
（伴随）
Another story to be completed, the
writer stayed up almost every night.
（目的）
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