2016考研英语一答案解析

2016

考研英语一答案解析

【篇一：

2016

< br>年考研英语

(

一

)

真题及答案】

s=txt>section i use of english

directions:

read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each

numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on the answer sheet. (10

points)

in cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the

young male. it may involve not only his parents and his

friends,those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. a

young man can a likely spouse on his own and them ask his

parents to the marria

ge negotiations. or the young man’s

parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little

to say in the selection. , a girl may veto the spouse her

parents have chosen. a spouse has been selected, each family

investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying a good

family.

the traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. formerly it

lasted three days by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day

and a half. buddhist priests offer a short sermon and prayers

of blessing. parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,

cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and

groom’s wrists ,and a candle around a circle of happily

married and respected couples to bless the .newlyweds

traditionally move in with the wife’s parents

and may with them

up to a year, they can build a flew house nearby.

divorce is legal and easy to ,but not common .divorced

persons are with some disapproval. each spouse retains

property he or she into the marriage, and jointly

–

acquired

property is equally. divorced persons may remarry, but a

gender prejudice up .the divorced male doesn’t have a waiting

period before he can remarry the woman must wait the months.

bdcacaccdbddbacdbaca

< br>

1. [a] by way of [b] as well as [c] on behalf of [d] with regard

to 2. [a] adapt to [b] provide for [c]compete with [d] decide on 3.

[a] close [b] renew [c]arrange [d] postpone 4. [a] in theory [b]

above all [c] in time [d] for example 5. [a] although [b] lest [c]

after [d] unless 6. [a] into [b] within [c] from [d] through 7. [a]

sine [b] or [c] but [d] so 8. [a] test [b]copy [c]recite [d] create 9.

[a] folding [b] piling [c] wrapping [d] tying 10. [a] lighting [b]

passing [c] hiding [d] serving 11. [a] meeting [b] association [c]

collection [d]union 12. [a] grow [b] part [c] deal [d]live 13. [a]

whereas [b] until [c] for [d] if 14. [a] obtain [b] follow [c]

challenge [d]avoid 15. [a] isolated [b] persuaded [c] viewed [d]

exposed 16. [a]wherever [b] however [c] whenever [d]whatever

17. [a] changed [b] brought [c] shaped [d] pushed 18. [a]

divided [b] invested [c] donated [d] withdrawn 19. [a]clears [b]

warms [c] shows [d] breaks 20. [a]while [b] so what [c]once [d]

in that section ii reading comprehension

参考答案：

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part a

directions:

read the following four texts. answer the questions below

each text by choosing a, b, c or

d. mark your answers on the answer sheet. (40 points)

text 1

france, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion,

has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to

define physical beauty for woman. its lawmakers gave

preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a

crime to employ ultra-thin models on parliament

also agreed to ban websites that” incite excessive thinness”

by promoting extreme dieting.

such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. they

suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up

with impinging on health. that’s a start. and the ban on ultra

-

thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from

starring themselves to health

–

as some have done. it tells the

fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal

it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape

–

measure they must use to determine their individual

bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and

many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their

beauty .and perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look

to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than

dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .

the french measures, however, rely too much on severe

punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as

skin-deep-and bone-showing. under the law, using a fashion

model that does not meet a government- defined index of body

mess could result in a $$85,000 fine and six months in prison.

the fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in

focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. in

denmark, the united states, and a few other countries, it is

trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images

there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.

in contrast to france’s actions, denmark’s fashion industry

agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age,

health, and other characteristics of models .the newly revised

danish fashion ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of

and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has

on body ideals, especially on young people. the charter’s main

toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and

modeling agencies to copenhagen. fashion week,

which is men by the danish fashion institute .but in general it

relies on a name-and

–

shame method of compliance.

relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the

misuse of body ideals may be the best step. even better would

be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material

standards of a particular industry.

21. according to the first paragraph, what would happen in

france?

[a] physical beauty would be redefined

[b] new runways would be constructed

[c] websites about dieting would thrive

[d] the fashion industry would decline

22. the phrase “impinging on”(line2 para2) is closest in

meaning to

[a] heightening the value of

[b] indicating the state of

[c] losing faith in

[d] doing harm to

23. which of the following is true of the fashion industry

[a] the french measures have already failed

[b] new standards are being set in denmark

[c] models are no longer under peer pressure

[d] its inherent problems are getting worse

24. a designer is most likely to be rejected by cfw for

[a] setting perfect physical conditions

[b] caring too much about models’ character

[c] showing little concern for health factors

[d] pursuing a high age threshold for models

25. which of the following maybe the best title of the text?

[a] a challenge to the fashion industry’s body ideals

[b] a dilemma for the starving models in france

[c] just another round of struggle for beauty

[d] the great threats to the fashion industry

text 2

for the first time in the history more people live in towns than

in the country. in britain this has had a curious result. while

polls show britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal

family. shakespeare and the national health service (nhs) as

what make them proudest of their country, this has limited

political support.

a century ago octavia hill launched the national trust not to

rescue stylish houses but to

save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”. it was

specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure

where they could experience “a refreshing air”. hill’s pressure

later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. they

don’t make countryside any more

, and every year concrete

consumes more of it .it needs constant guardianship.

at the next election none of the big parties seem likely to

endorse this sentiment. the conservatives’ planning reform

explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,

even authorizing “off–plan” building where local people might

object. the concept of sustainable development has been

defined as profitable. labour likewise wants to discontinue

local planning where councils oppose development. the liberal

democrats are silent only usensing its chance, has sides with

those pleading for a more considered approach to using green

land. its campaign to protect rural england struck terror into

many local conservative parties. the sensible place to build

new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities

and towns where infrastructure is in place. the london agents

stirlingackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of

million houses in the landon area alone with no intrusion on

green belts. what is true of london is even truer of the

provinces. the idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted

meadows” is pure lobby talk. the issue is not the need for

more houses but, as always, where to put them under lobby

pressure, george osborne favours rural new-build against

urban renovation and renewal. he favours out-of-town

shopping sites against high streets. this is not a free market

but a biased one. rural towns and villages have grown and will

always grow. they do so best where building sticks to their

edges and respects their character. we do not ruin urban

conservation areas. why ruin rural ones?

development should be planned, not let trip, after the

netherlands, britain is europe’s most crowed country. half a

century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an

enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density

urban living. there is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted

landscapes of southern portugal, spain or ireland. avoiding

this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of

the political spectrum.

26. britain’s public sentiment about the countryside

[a] is not well reflected in politics

[b] is fully backed by the royal family

[c] didn’t start fill the shakespearean age

[d] has brought much benefit to the nhs

27. according to paragraph 2

，

the achievements of the

national trust are now being

[a] largely overshadowed [b] properly protected [c] effectively

reinforced [d] gradually destroyed 28. which of the following

can be offered from paragraph 3 [a] labour is under attack for

opposing development [b] the conservatives may abandon

“off

-

plan” building

[c] ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation

[d] the liberal democrats are losing political influence

29. the author holds that george osbornes’

s preference

[a] shows his disregard for the character of rural area

[b] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis

[c] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure

[d] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas

30. in the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of

[a] the size of population in britain

[b] the enviable urban lifestyle in britain

[c] the town-and-country planning in britain

[d] the political life in today’s britain

text 3

“there is one and only one social responsibility of business”

wrote milton friedman, a nobel prize-

winning economist “that

is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to

increase its profits.” but even if you accept friedman’s premise

and regard corporate social responsibility(csr) policies as a

waste of shareholders’s money, things may not be absolutely

clear-act. new research suggests that csr may create monetary

value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for

corruption.

the largest firms in america and britain together spend more

than $$15 billion a year on csr, according to an estimate by epg,

a consulting firm. this could add value to their businesses in

three ways. first, consumers may take csr spending as a

“signal” that a company’s products are of high q

uality. second,

customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an

indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps. and third,

through a more diffuse “halo effect” whereby its good deeds

earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.

previous studies on csr have had trouble differentiating these

effects because consumers can be affected by all three. a

recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery

prosecutions under american’s foreign corrupt practices act

（

fcpa

）

.it argues that since prosecutors do not consume a

company’s products as part of their investigations

，

they could

be influenced only by the halo effect.

the study found that

，

among prosecuted firms

，

those with

the most comprehensive csr programmes tended to get more

lenient penalties. their analysis ruled out the possibility that it

was firm’s political influence, rather than their csr stand, that

accounted for the leniency: companies that contributed more

to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.

in all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should

only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be

influenced by a company’s record in csr. “we estimate that

either

【篇二：

2016

考研英语一真题及答案】

directions:

read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each

numbered blank and mark [a], [b], [c] or [d] on answer sheet 1.

(10 points)

though not biologically related, friends are as related as fourth

cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. that is 1 a study

published from the university of california and yale university

in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences, has 2 .

the study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique

subjects which 4 pairs of uelated

friends and uelated strangers. the same people were used in

both 5 .while 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. as

james fowler, professor of medical genetics at uc san diego,

says, most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but

somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin.

the study 9 found that the genes for smell were something

shared in friends but not genes for immunity. why this

similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain, for now. 10

perhaps, as the team suggests, it draws us to similar

environments but there is more 11 it. there could be many

mechanisms working in tandem that 12 us in choosing

genetically similar friends 13 than nal kinship of being friends

with 14 !one of the remarkable findings of the study was that

the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes.

studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace

in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major

17 factor.

the findings do not simply corroborate peoples 18 to befriend

those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. though

all the subjects were drawn from a population of european

extraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and

strangers were taken from the same population. the team also

controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects.

section ii reading comprehension

1

、

what

2

、

concluded

3

、

on

4

、

compared

5

、

samples

6

、

insignificant

7

、

know

8

、

resemble

9

、

also

10

、

perhaps

11

、

to

12

、

drive

13

、

ratherthan

14

、

benefits

15

、

faster

16

、

understand

17

、

contributory

18

、

tendency

19

、

ethnic

20

、

see

part a

read the following four texts. answer the questions below

each text by choosing [a], [b], [c] or [d]. mark your answers on

answer sheet 1. (40 points)

原 标题：

2015

年考研英语一真题（完整版）

< br>

text 1

king juan carlos of spain once insistedkings dont abdicate,

they die in their sleep. but embarrassing scandals and the

popularity of the republicans left in the recent euro-elections

have forced him to eat his words and stand down. so, does the

spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days?

does that mean the writing is on the wall for all european

royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?

the spanish case provides arguments both for and against

monarchy. when public opinion is particularly polarized, as it

was following the end of the france regime, monarchs can rise

above mere polities and embody a spirit of national unity.

it is this apparent transcendence of polities that explains

monarchys continuing popularity as heads of state. and so, the

middle east expected, europe is the most monarch-infested

region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting vatican

city and andorra). but unlike their absolutist counterparts in

the gulf

and asia, most royal families have survived because they allow

voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but

respected public figure.

es outdated and indefensible

privileges and inequalities. at a time when thomas piketty and

other economists are warming of rising inequality and the

increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy

aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of

modern democratic states.

the most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide

their old aristocratic ways. princes and princesses have day-

jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). even so,

these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%,

and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to

maintain the right image.

while europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to

survive for some time to come, it is the british royals who have

most to fear from the spanish example.

it is only the queen who has preserved the monarchys

reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style.

the danger will come with charles, who has both an expensive

taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. he

has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived

because they provide a service-as non-controversial and non-

political heads of state. charles ought to know that as english

history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the

monarchys worst enemies.

21. according to the first two graphs, king juan carlos of spain

[a]eased his relationship with his rivals.

[b]used to enjoy high public support.

[c]was unpopular among european royals.

[d]ended his reign in embarrassment.

22. monarchs are kept as head of state in europe mostly

[a]to give voters more public figures to look up to.

[b]to achieve a balance between tradition and reality.

[c]owing to their undoubted and respectable status.

[d]due to their everlasting political embodiment.

23. which of the following is shown to be odd, according to

graph 4?

[a] the role of the nobility in modern democracies.

[b] aristocrats excessive reliance on inherited wealth.

[c] the simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.

[d] the nobilitys adherence to their privileges.

24. the british royals have most to fear because charles

[a]takes a tough line on political issues.

[b]fails to change his lifestyle as advised.

[c]takes republicans as his potential allies.

[d]fails to adapt himself to his future role.

25. which of the following is the best title of the text?

[a]carlos, glory and disgrace combined

[b]charles, anxious to succeed to the throne

[c]charles, slow to react to the coming threats

[d]carlos, a lesson for all european monarchs

his reign in embarrassment.

22. c owing to the undoubted and respectable status

23. a the role of the nobility in modern democracy

24. b fails to change his lifestyle as advised.

25. d carlos, a lesson for all monarchies

text 2

just how much does the constitution protect your digital data?

the supreme court will now consider whether police can

search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the

phone is on or around a person during an arrest.

california has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping

ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that

authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at

the time of their arrest. it is hard, the state argues, for judges

to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing

technologies.

the court would be recklessly modest if it followed californias

advice. enough of the implications are discernable, even

obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated

guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.

they should start by discarding californias lame argument that

exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of

digital information is similar to say, going through a suspects

purse .the court has ruled that police dont violate the fourth

amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of

an arrestee without a warrant. but exploring ones smartphone

is more like entering his or her home. a smartphone may