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我国汽车工业发展
中英文资料外文翻译文献
外文翻译
The mercerized and internationalized
background
At
present
，
under
the
mercerized
and
internationalized
background
，
how
to
strengthen
the
independent
development
ability
of
our
country
’
s
auto
industry
has
become
the
urgent
problem
to
be
solved
．
This
article
，
by
referring
to
the
experience
of
developed
countries
of automobile industry in implementing
the industrial policy and comparing the two
regulations made in 1994 and 2OO4 about
independent intellectual property right in the
industrial
policy
，
has put forward
policy recommendations of supporting independent
development of our
country
’
s auto
industry
．
A
brand
based
on
market
is
promises
for
a
product's
capability,
quality
and
service.
Up to now, well-
known automobile brands are accounting for two
percent of two hundred
far
famed
brands
in
all
country.
Meanwhile,
after
going
into
WTO,
a
great
set
of
foreign
automobile enterprises possessing good
quality, favorable capability, knight service
will
enter
into
our
country
and
bring
a
fire-new
idea
of
brand
for
our
domestic
consumers.
No
doubt,
that
will
not
only
greatly
impact
on
our
domestic
automobile
enterprises,
which
don't have the capability of
independent exploitation and the consciousness of
brand
cultivation,
but
also
affect
development
of
automobile
industry.
So,
during
the
crucial
period, our country
needs urgently brands of great competitive power,
which can drive
and prompt development
of automobile industry.
The paper,
starting with the analysis of brand and combining
with the theory of
strategy management,
regarding carmakers as object, depicts development
panorama of
domestic automobile
industry and provides some simple thoughts about
breeding and
developing
automobile
brand
in
our
country,
through
studying
studying
problems
relating
to
automobile
brand.
It
is
the
primary
studying
intention
that
upgrades
core
competency
Of domestic
automobile enterprises and impels development of
automobile industry,
recurring
to
putting
forward
some
related
tactics
of
breeding
and
developing
automobile
brand in our country. The paper's
meaning consists two points: the first, it makes
enterprises attach importance to
automobile brand in consciousness and know it
afresh;
1
the
second, it advances some operational tactics by
demonstration analysis, which can
be
used for reference by enterprises and industry.
Research
methods
used
in
the
paper
are
primarily
demonstration
analysis
and
comparison
analysis.
Anticipative
research
fruits
of
the
paper
involve:
(1)
seedtime
and
actuality
analysis of
automobile brand in our country; (2) mode-
comparison of automobile brand
in
different countries;(America, German, Japan,
Korea); (3) key factors of affecting
our automobile brand development;(4)
tactics and countermeasures of cultivating
automobile
brand.
Innovations
of
the
paper
rest
with:
(1)
research
content,
i.e.
having
a
all-around
research
of
breeding
automobile
brand
and
coming
into
being
strategy
system;
(2) research
purpose, i.e studying how to forge competitive
automobile brand can drive
industry
development;
(3)
research
angle,
i.e.
knowing
and
analyzing
automobile
industry
in virtue of brand.
Referred to the main indexes about
evaluating national competitive ability, which
is the commonly
used method
in the international society, this thesis aims at
analyzing
and evaluating the
international competitive ability of Chinese
automobile industry in
a scientific and
objective way. Compared with those industries in
some developed
countries, domestic
automobile industry is relatively frail and has a
very long way to
go. This thesis
illustrates the history of Chinese automobile
industry ever since the
foundation of
new China, analyzes in detail its
important role in national economy,
and
the opportunities and
threats it meets after china entrance WTO. This
thesis draws a
whole picture about
domestic automobile industry from three aspects:
products,
corporations and industries.
Considering the history and actuality of domestic
automobile industry, this thesis
collects and analyzes groups of data about
automobile
industry both from domestic
and international. A lot of work was made in
quantitative
and qualitative analysis
from all sides. Based on this, this thesis drew a
conclusion
about
evaluating
the international competitive
ability
of
Chinese automobile
industry,
found
out
the
advantages
and
disadvantages
about
this
industry.
In
the
end
of
this
thesis,
some
ideas and advice are put forward.
Welfare Evaluation of Trade Protection
--The automobile industry of post world war 2 in
Japan
Social welfare is one of the key
standards in evaluating the effects of government
policies
for
both
economists
and
government.
In
this
thesis,
having
compared
and
analyzed
trade
protectionists,
i.e.
quota,
tariff
and
other
non-tariff
barriers
in
their
effects
on social welfare, specific evaluation
and suggestion are given in the case of the auto
2
industry
protection in post World War 2 Japan, so to shed
light on the auto protection
policies
should be taken in China today. Here,
consumer
’
surplus and Ohyama
Welfare
Standard are selected in
evaluating social welfare.
The
automobile
industry
in
Post
World
War
2
in
Japan
is
picked
for
two
reasons.
Firstly,
the auto industry
in China today is in a very similar situation as
that of Japan used
to be while Japan
was a new member of GATT. Secondly, regarded as
one of the most
successfully
developed
industries
under
protection,
the
auto
industry
in
Japan
has
some
precious experiences
worth studying.
The
article
has
four
chapters.
In
chapter1,the
definition
of
social
welfare
is
given,
and
the
necessary
and
sufficient
condition
for
Pareto
optimality,
the
Mashallian
Consumer
Surplus, Hicksian consumer surplus and
Ohyama Social Welfare Standard are discussed in
detail
the
auto
industry.
In
Chapter
2,
according
the
scale
and
protection
on
Japan
from
1945-1979 is divided into four periods:
government domination period, Quota Period and
low-tariff Periods: government
domination
period, Quota Period, High-
tariff
Period and
low-tariff
Period,
where
the
protect
policies
are
evaluated
respectively
by
their
effects
on
social welfare. Chapter 3 explores the US-Japan
trade friction in auto industry in
1980s and sheds light on the choice of
various protectionists from the perspective of
Political Economics. Chapter 4
concludes the whole thesis discussing some
specific
protection policies of Japan
and drawing suggestion for China to effectively
protect
its own auto industry.
Mini-car industry development in
China is a successful example in the condition
of
Chinese
market
economy,
it's
always
one
of
the
important
factor
that
propel
the
steady
increase
of
auto
market
of
China.
Through
about
two
decade
development,
the
total
amount
of mini-car increased from 0.06% to
26.4% of total amount of auto all over the country
now
and
the
amount
of
produce
and
sale
are
up
to
540,000
units.
According
to
the
challenge
principle
of
is
the
best
who
is
the
winner
in
the
market,
the
number
of
the
mini-car
manufacturer
decreased from early over one hundred to recent
five.
In this
article
，
base on extensive
data collecting and investigation, the mini-car
developing and competing status of
China, as well as the developing status (including
enterprise, production ,market
,product, etc.) of Liuzhou Wuling Motors which is
one
of the five mini-car manufacturer
are deeply analysed and studied .This article also
discussed
the
competing
environment
that
Liuzhou
Wuling
Motors
faced,
then
provided
the
developing strategies.
Since
the later part of 1990, the economic benefits of
CITIC Zhongyuan Automobile
3
Company have been
declining rapidly and the production management
has also been on a
sticky wicket,
showing difference with an overall upward tendency
to the corresponding
period of the
National Automobile Industry, which impelled this
writer to make deeply
careful
researches on the strategy of development for the
company.
By
reviewing
the
past
of
CITIC
Zhongyuan
Automobile
Company,
analyzing
the
influences
on international
& domestic external environments ever since China'
s enter into WTO,
analyzing the markets
of the main products and the competitive opponents
and analyzing
the internal conditions
such as the main problems faced by the company,
this writer has
separately made
researches and probed into the strategies of
development for CITIC
Zhongyuan
Automobile
Company
and
the
subordinate
companies-
Zhengzhou
Nissan
Automobile
Co.
，
Ltd
and
Zhengzhou
Light
Truck
Factory
invested
by
CITIC
Zhongyuan
Automobile
Company
so as to try to find
a feasible road which enables the
cc
叩
any to break away from
the
disadvantageous situation and
develop continuously as soon as
Possible.
With
the
entrance
of
90th
century,
the
international
situation
of
automobile
industry
changed greatly.
Due to the production surplus of international
automobile industry,
different
countries competed fiercely to obtain the
automobile market. Many companies
adjust their developing strategy and
speed the course of globalization to realize the
scale-economy and get the new market.
Merging and recombining become the symbol of
automobile industry globalization.
China, the biggest automobile consuming
market in the world, has become the main
field of many countries contesting. The
Chinese automobile industry has developed for
half
century.
Although
china
has
get
great
achievements,
as
for
scale
or
technique,
China
still drop behind. So how to improve
the international situation and realize the
modernization of China automobile
industry is a basic mission.
With the
entrance of WTO, Chinese automobile industry faces
three challenges: the
first,
after
China
entrances
WTO,
the
government
trade
protection
will
be
canceled.
The
second, with the
economic development and standard of living
improved, how to enlarge
the consumer
demanding? The third, with the automobile industry
globalization, how to
compete or
cooperate with the MNC and build our
effective developing strategy? And
then
we
can
develop
our
own
auto
industry
and
realize
modernization.
In
the
three
challenges,
the former two
is normal and we can get many experiences from
other countries. But the
third
is
a
real
challenge.
Other
automobile
developed
countries
have
not
faced
this
kind
of situation. Expect
for exactly estimation, we still need great
innovation spirit.
4
In the situation of entrance of WTO and
globalization of automobile industrial
competition, we try to analysis the
Chinese automobile industry status quo, including
the analysis of industrial structure,
market analysis. Through the analysis we try to
find out the questions in development
strategy, government decision and enterprise
management. Then we will analysis the
questions and give the reasons. At the same time,
we
will
the
introduce
the
typical
representatives
of
automobile
developed
countries
and
new developing countries
about their developing strategy, including
America, Japan,
South Korea, and
Mexico. We will conclude the advantages and
experiences of above
countries. On the
base of that, we will combine the situation of
Chinese automobile
industry and the
effecting analyzing of Chinese entrance of WTO.
Then we will give out
the
advantages
and
potential
advantages
of
Chinese
automobile
industry
and
bring
forward
the basic strategy of Chinese
automobile industrial development. At last, we
will give
some
advises
about
the
developing
strategy
of
Chinese
automobile
industry.
These
tactics
include industrial policy improving,
technique improving, competitive improving and
cluster developing of Chinese
automobile industry and technique innovation. This
dissertation
just
discusses
the
Chinese
automobile
from
a
few
tangles.
It
is
not
perfect,
so I
hope teachers can give me advice.
Automobile
industry
is
a
traditional
pillar
industry
in
our
country.
Having
developed
50
years,
now
the
industry
is
still
backward
in
products
in
comparison
with
that
of
western
developed countries. Facing to economy
globalization, someone has suggested that China
should
give
up
automobile
industry
and
import
the
products
from
other
countries
directly,
which
can
avoid
wasting
resources.
This
kind
of
viewpoint
is
lack
of
foresight.
Automobile
industry belongs to high and new-
technology industries. Meanwhile, China has its
large
automobile market. Developing
automobile industry will not only improve
engineering
level, but also drive other
relevant industries. In addition, after China
joining WTO
(World Trade Organization),
the automobile market will become a part of
international
market step by step.
Basing on domestic market, we will develop our own
intellectual
property. At the same
time, aiming at the demands of some developing
countries, we will
develop
overseas
markets.
In
this
way,
domestic
automobile
industry
will
be
growing
fast.
In
order to develop the automobile industry, we
should find its disadvantages, get
over
influence of various disadvantages, seize every
good chance, and exert our
advantages.
In this thesis, first, we stress on the impacts of
economy globalization
and WTO on
Chinese automobile industry. Second, the thesis
discusses many influence
factors for
developing Chinese automobile industry. Finally,
the thesis analyzes
5
opportunity, challenge and strategy of
Chinese automobile industry.
The
course
of
the
development
of
the
automobile
industry
all
over
the
world
indicates
that the
automobile industry is very important to the
national economy. The increasing
proportion of distribution cost to sale
price on the international automobile market
shows that marketing plays an
increasing role in raising the competitiveness of
automakers. The trend of the
international automobile market demonstrates that
Asia-especially china-will be the
fastest growing market in the world. Although the
national automobile industry has
developed greatly in the past 50 years, it is
still
far behind the foreign
competitors, especially in marketing after
longtime ignoring
marketing, domestic
automarkers are lack of direct selling experience.
In this thesis, the author analysed the
4P of marketing of the Chinese and foreign
automarkers as well as the advantages
and disadvantages of Chinese automobile industry
and
made
some
suggestions
on
how
to
improve
the
competitiveness
of
automobile
enterprises
after studied
the management and administration of them.
In
order
to
convey
the
opinion
systematically
so
that
it
may
become
more
practicable,
the
construction of the thesis is arranged like this:
Chapter One: Introduction. In this
part, the author introduced the background, the
focal point and the aim of writing the
paper. The author also emphasized the importance
of automobile industry to the national
economy and the importance of marketing to
automobile enterprises.
Chapter Two: The author described the
present automobile industry and the market
all over the world through some
examples. The influence on the national automobile
industry after China joined WTO and the
strategy for the development of the industry
are given in this part as well
Chapter
Three:
Close
analysis
and
explanations
of
the
strategy
for
price,
products,
patens
and
channels
of
distribution,
and
sales
promotion
are
given
after
introduced
the
marketing strategy of automobile
enterprises in both China and foreign countries.
Chapter Four: The problems that exist
in management and administration of national
automobile industry are researched and
the disparities in competitiveness between
Chinese and foreign automobile industry
are revealed. Reasons of these problems and
disparities are also applied.
Chapter Five: Conclusion proposals were
put forward for improving the management
and
administration
of
automobile
enterprises
in
China:
adjust
the
concept
of
management,
emphasize the
importance of market segmentation and the study of
consumer psychology
6
and consumer
’
s
behavior, sensitiveness the reaction to market and
extend the scope of
service. Great
importance is attached to the foundation and
management of customer
relationship.
China's automotive industry has passed
almost half a century and has evolved many
basic circumstances and features of its
own which will be the starting point or base
for its further development. Full
understanding of those circumstance and features
is
the prerequisite for us to analyze
and study.
In order to develop our
automotive industry under new situation, we not
only must
roundly and objectively
analyze the problems in us, but also must fully
and correctly
understand
our
actual
and
potential
strengths.
We
should
clearly
recognize
that
although
our automotive
industry, which has experienced nearly fifty years
of development
including twenty years
of reform and opening, has a long way to go
comparing with the
world level, it
possesses many rare giant actual and potential
strengths.
After
entering
WTO
our
automotive
industry
has
entered
upon
a
new
phase
to
cooperate
and
compete
with
multi-nationals
under
the
background
of
globalization,
and
it
will
have
to
join
the
integration
tide
of
global
economy
gradually.
The
trends
of
world
automotive
industry
and
the
strategies
of
multi-nationals
in
China
certainly
will
directly
influence
the strategic
pattern of our automotive industry, and therefore
they are the important
part of the
external environment of our automotive industry
needed special attention.
Great
changes have taken place in the development
conditions of our automotive
industry
since we entered WTO. At the end of protection
interim period to automotive
industry,
the comprehensive effects of WTO including tariff
concession, quota cancel,
service trade
opening and foreign capital policy regulation will
display. The medium
and
high-class
car
and
key
components
will
come
under
obvious
attack
depends
on
not
only
the reduction of the
protection degree, but also the increase of our
international
competitive power.
Japan
and
Korea
are
all
latecoming
developed
countries
of
automotive
industry.
After
entering GATT, they
persevered in adopting the vigorous policies to
foster and train
the self-developing
capability and enhance the international
competitive power. Then
their
automotive industry received unprecedented fast
development and drove the whole
national
economy
to
be
powerful
and
prosperous
to
a
miracle.
Although
the
international
environment
has been totally different and different countries
differ greatly in their
conditions, the
experiences of Japan and Korea automotive industry
during that period
and driving effects
of their automotive industry to their national
economy will still
7