-
property
物业,资产
interest
产权
subsidiary
附属机构,子公司
valuation
评估
open market value
公开市场价值
leaseback
售后回租(即租回已出售的财产)
on a residual basis
剩余法
capital value
资本价值
cost of development
开发费(指拆迁费,七通一平费等)
professional fee
专业人员费(指勘察设计费等)
finance costs
融资成本(指利息等)
sale proceeds
销售收益
on the basis of capitalisation
资本还原法
floor area
建筑面积
title document
契约文书
plaza
购物中心
land use certificate
土地使用证
commercial/residential complex
商住综合楼
land use fee
土地使用费(获得土地使用权后,
每年支付国家的使用土地费用)
Grant
Contract of Land Use Right
土地使用权出让合同
plot ratio
容积率
site coverage
建筑密度
land use term
土地使用期
project approval
项目许可
planning approval
规划许可
commission
佣金
permit
许可证
business license
营业执照
strata-title
分层所有权
public utilities
公共设施
urban planning
城市规划
state-owned land
国有土地
fiscal allotment
财政拨款
grant or transfer
出让或转让
the Municipal Land Administration
Bureau
市土地管理局
infrastructure
基础设施
financial budget
财政预算
public bidding
公开招标
auction
拍卖
negotiation
/agreement
协议
land efficiency
土地效益
location classification
地段等级
projecting parameter
规划参数
government assignment
政府划拨
administrative institution
行政事业单位
key zones
for development
重点开发区
tract
大片土地
biding document
标书
prerequisitioned land
预征土地
competent
authorities
主管部门
construction project
建设项目
planning
permit of construction engineering
建设工程规划许可证
go
through the formalities
办手续
comprehensive sub-areas
综合分区
reconstruction of old area
旧区改造
purchasing power
购买力
property trust
物业信托
equity
权益
cash flows
现金流量
appreciation
增值
disposition
处置
hedge
保值措施
income tax shelter
收入税的庇护
downturn
(经济)衰退
wealth maximisation
最大限度的增加财
产
(
同其他投资相比
)
forecast
预测
rules-of-thumb techniques
经验法
mortgage lender
抵押放贷者
vacancy
空房
discounted cash flow models
折现值现金流量模型
expectation
期望值
letting
出租
equity reversion
权益回收
bad debts
坏帐
depreciation allowances
折旧费
supplies
日常用品
utilities
公共事业设备
allowances for repairs and
maintenance
维修费
unpaid mortgage balance
抵押贷款欠额
stamp duty
印花税
recession
衰退
overproduction
生产过剩
glut
供过于求
high-technology
高科技
investment
strategy
投资策略
circulation
发行量
entrepreneur
倡导者,企业家
coliseum
大体育场,大剧院
chambers
(商业资本家联合组织的)会所
arena
室内运动场
socioeconomic status
社会经济地位
amenities
便利设施
condominium
个人占有公寓房,一套公寓房的个人所有权
income bracket
收入档次
tenement
分租合住的经济公寓
area code
(电话)地区代码
community
社区
assessment
估价
downzone
降低区划规模
housing
residences
住宅
(
一
)
有关房子本身
的
1)
别墅:
Single
Family House, Single House,
或者就是用
House,
这里的
HOUSE
就是指独立的
房子。一般不太用
VILLA
< br>这个词。
2)
联体别墅
/
城市别墅:
TO
WNHOUSE
,几乎不用
CITYHOUSE
。
3)
< br>商品房
/
单元房
/
公寓:
CONDOMINIUM
或者就用
APARTMENT
,简称
APT
。
4
高层住宅:
HIGH RISING
,比如
HIGH RISING
APARTMENT
。
5
楼层:
FLOOR
,或者
STORY
,比如第二层:
SECOND FLOOR
。
6
房间:
BEDROOM
,主卧室:
MASTER
BEDROOM
,书房:
STURDY
ROOM
。第二个睡
房:
SECOND
BEDROOM
。
7
卫生间:
BATHROOM
,简称
BA
TH
,比
如一房一卫:
ONE
BEDROOM
,
ONE
BATH
,两
房一卫:
TWO
BEDROOM
,
ONE
BA
TH
。半个卫生间:
HALF B
ATHROOM
。在家中一般不
叫厕所
-REST ROOM
,在公共场所用。
8
大
厅:
FAMIL
Y
ROOM
,不叫
BIG
ROOM
。第二个厅:
SECOND LIVING
ROOM
,游戏
厅:
GAME
ROOM
,家庭影院:
HOME
THEATER
。
9
餐厅:早餐厅:
BREAKFAS
T
,
晚餐
/
正餐厅:
FORMAL
DINNING
。
10
厨房:
KITCHEN
,洗碗机:
DISHW
ASHER
,油烟机:
VENT HOOD
,烤箱:
OVEN
,外
国人一般不会炒菜,多数用烤箱。<
/p>
11
煤气
/
天燃气:
GAS
,
电:
ELECTRICITY
:
有线电视:
CABLE
TV
,
高速上网:
HIGH
SPEED
INTERNET/DSL
,拨号上网:
DIAL UP
,无线上网:
WIRELESS
INTERNET
。
12
地面:
FLOOR
,实木地板:
HARDWOOD FLOOR
,合成
地板:
LAMINA
TED FLOOR
,
地毯:
CARPET
,瓷砖:
p>
TILE
。
13
空调:
AIR CONDITI
ONER
简称
AC
,
< br>中央空调:
CENTRAL
AC
,
窗式空调
WINDOW AC
UNIT
。
14
热水:
HOT
WA
TER
,热水器
HOT W
ATER
HEATER
,
15
淋浴:
SHOWER
,浴缸:
BA
TH
TUB
。
16
面积:外国人一般不用米制而是用英尺,一平米大约是<
/p>
10
平方英尺,比如,
80
平米就
接近
800
平方英尺
,
你跟他们说平米就像他们跟你说英尺一样,
平方英尺的表达方
式:
SQFT
,
比如
< br>1000
平方英尺:
1000SQFT
< br>。
(
一平方英尺
=0
。
0929
平方米
)
17
停车:
PARKING
SPACE/LOT
,免费停车:
FREE
PARKING
。
(
二
)
有关经纪人的和出租的
1)
房地产经纪人:
REAL
ESTA
TE AGENT
,或者就叫
AGENT
。置业顾问,
也是
AGENT
,
或者叫
BROKER
也可以。
2)
佣金:
COMMISSION
3)
经纪
/
中介公司:
REAL ESTA
TE
BROKERAGE/BROKER COMPANY
,
或者<
/p>
REALTY/REAL
ESTATE
都可以。
4)
租金:
RENT
,一个月的租金:
ONE MONTH RENT
5)
租约:
LEASE/RENT
AGREEMENT
,按月付租金:
MONTH BY
MONTH
。
6)
押金:
DEPOSIT
,一个
月的押金:
ONE MONTH
RENT
。
7)
水电全包:
ALL BILLS
PAID
。
8)
房东:
LANDLORD
,或者
OWNER
,房客:
TENANT
9)
出租:
FOR
RENT
,公寓出租:
APT FOR
RENT
,房间出租:
ROOM FOR
RENT
,别墅出
租:
HOUSE
FOR RENT
。
10)
室友:
ROOMMA
TE
,诚征室友:
ROOMMATE
WANTED
。
(
三
)
有关二手房交易的
1)
卖主:
SELLER 2)
买主:
BUYER 3)
要价:
LISTING
PRICE
,
或
者
ASKING PRICE 4)
给价:
OFFER
,或者
OFFER
PRICE 5)
过户:
CLOSING 6)
现金支
付:
CASH
PURCHASE 7)
首期:
DOWN PAYMENT
Financing
is
the
key
to
most
real
estate
transactions
,
so
if
you
are
buying
real estate for your
personal use , consumer credit considerations are
of paramount importance . Unlike the
standard stock leveraging scheme ,
where the debt is capped at 50 percent
of the principal value of the
transaction
,
the
standard
debt-to-asset
ratio
in
real
estate
or
what
the
banks
call
the
loan-to-value
ratio
,
is
80
percent
,with
a
20
percent
down
payment . In such an
instance , the lender looks as much to the credit
of
the
borrower
as
to
the
value
of
the
property
,
to
be
sure
of
repayment
.
Hence
, your record of payment of other debts , or lack
thereof , will
be
a
critical
factor
in
whether
or
not
you
get
credit
for
a
home
purchase
.
Other factors that come into play are
your overall financial picture .
If
you
have
large
amounts
of
other
assets
such
as
stocks
,
that
will
help
.
Retirement assets such as individual
retirement accounts (IRAs) cannot
be
used to secure loans , but even they may
indirectly count in a
borrower’s favor
as evidenc
e of astuteness .
If you are
buying property for rental as a business , then
more
businesslike
considerations
apply
.
The
bank
will
still
want
to
evaluate
loan-
to-value and income-to-debt service ratios , but
may give lesser
weight to your personal
financial situation . Your past business
experience
,
either
in
real
estate
or
in
other
areas
,
will
be
taken
into
account , as will your
business credit record . In unusual cases , the
lender may require you to sign for
loans personally , in which case your
personal financial situation will
matter . There are several types of
lenders . The most common one is a
financial institution such as a bank
or
a
savings
and
loan
.
A
second
is
government
agencies
such
as
Veteran’s
Administration
or the Federal Housing Authority . The third
source of
financing is owner financing
.
对
于大多数房地产交易来说,关键在于资金问题的解决。一旦你决定买房,
重中之重便是考
虑消费品信用贷款。与标准存量中要求债务上限为交易本金的
50%
的平衡计划不同,在房市中,标准负债与资产比率(银行称之为贷款与价值
比率)可
达
80%
,只需
20%
的预付定金。在这种情况下,贷方把借方的信誉和资
产看得同样考试
&
大重要,以确保借方有能力偿还债务。所以,你的其它债务的
还款记录(或者记录缺失)将会成为致命因素,直接影响你能否获得购房信贷。
当然,
还有一些因素在起着作用,
它们也会影响你的整个筹
资计划。
你如果有大
量的诸如股票之类的另类资产的话,
这会对你的信贷非常有利。
个人退休金帐户
之
类的退休资产虽然不能用来做贷款担保,
可即便如此,
它们却会
证明你很精明,
并因此而博得贷方的好感。
如果你
购房是为了商业经营,
那你就需要一步步深思熟虑。
银行仍然会
对你
的贷款与价值和工资与债务的偿还比率进行评估,
但可能会
低估你的个人财务状
况。
你的商业信贷记录也会被纳入评估的考
虑范围,
以往的经营经验
(房地产或
是
其它领域)也会被予以考虑。特殊情况下,贷方可能要求本人亲自签收贷款,
此时,
p>
你的个人财务状况就会与此挂钩。
贷方分为好多种。
最常见的就是银行和
信用合作社等金融机构。
第二种就
是退伍军人管理局和联邦房屋管理局的政府机
构。第三种资金来源就是业主融资。
A bank will look at the
borrower’s income relative to the proposed debt
service payments . The
rule of thumb
during the middle of the twentieth century was
that a mortgage should not be more
than
two and a half times income . A more current rule
of thumb was that mortgage payments
should not be more than 28 percent of
income , and total debt service payments should
not be
more than 34 percent of income .
In recent years , the latter ratio has been
relaxed to as much as
40 percent , a
financial stretch . A borrower can even apply for
a loan with no income verification .
Typically , however , the bank requires
a large-than
–
usual down
payment 25 to 35 percent or
more , and
a clean credit record .
Somewhat different
requirements apply for a government loan . For
instance , the Veteran’s
Administration
will make loans to war veterans at low interest
rates . Other government agencies
target other constituencies such as
low-income housing . If you have a good record of
running
multi-family houses , you may
qualify for government loans for the development
and management
of low-income units . In
such cases , your ability to get the loan is
contingent on your meeting the
particular politically requirements .
Also , government loans are more likely to have
onerous terms
such as prepayment
penalties .
A third source of financing , if you
find the right seller and are persuasive enough ,
is owner
financing . A mortgage is
nothing more than an IOU in which a buyer agrees
to pay a lender the
value of the house
over a period of time . It is really a way of
borrowing money using the house as
collateral. The borrower issues a
mortgage , and is known as a mortgage , while the
lender is
known as the mortgage . In
this particular instance , the seller is also the
lender of the last resort .
Occasionally , there will be home
advertisements in the newspaper that say OWC , or
owner will
carry .
针对预定的债务偿还量,银行还会了解借方的收入情况。
p>
20
世纪中期单纯经验的方法
就是抵押最多
为工资的二点五倍。
更为流行的单纯经验方法就是抵押贷款月供最多为月薪的
28%
,总偿债支付款最多为还款期间工资总额的
34%
。在最近几年,后者已经达到了
40%
< br>,
这就是金融延伸。
借方甚至没有收入证明也可以申请贷
款,
可尽管如此,
银行却会特别要求
一
笔
25-35%
甚至更多的巨额首付和一个无污点的信贷记录。
p>
申请政府贷款要求多少会有些不同。
例如,
退伍军人管理局会给予曾经参战的退伍军人
低息贷款。
其它政府
机构提供的是一些赞助服务,
比如对那些低收入家庭。
如果你具
有一个
经营多户住宅的良好记录,
你就可以获得政府贷款以对低
收入住宅进行开发管理。
在这些情
况之下,
你能否获得贷款取决于你能否遇到政治上的特殊需要。
当然,
政府贷款更可能包括
一些繁苛的条款,比如说提前预付罚金。
第三种
资金来源为业主融资,
即通过你的能力,
自己发现和说服卖家。
其实抵押就是借
据,
通过这个借据,<
/p>
买方同意在一定的时间范围内偿还房价借款,
说到底只是贷款买房
方式
的一个担保。借方提供了抵押,
并将其作为抵押,
而且贷方也认可了这个抵押。在这个特例
中,卖方其实就是最后贷方。偶
尔,新闻上刊登一些房屋广告会提到
“
业主负责还款
”
。
The
buying
and
borrowing
transactions
are
handled
simultaneously
by
a
closer
.
She
will
take
the
down
payment
,
typically
in
the
form
of
a
certified
check
from the buyer , and the check from the
lender for the amount of the
mortgage .
She will then take title from the seller and re-
register the
property in the name of
the buyer . Finally , she will hand over the
monetary proceeds to the seller .
If the parties want to make absolutely
sure
of
the
validity
of
the
transaction
,
they
will
close
in
escrow
.
For
most transactions , such
a level of detail is not necessary .
It
is
said
that
the
three
basics
of
real
estate
are
location
,
location
,
and
location
.
That
is
true
,
all
other
things
being
equal
.
It
means
that
you should not buy
in a poor
location
. But
it
is also does not mean that
you should
necessarily “ pay up
” for
the best . Just as with stocks
you
can
make
money
from
an
expanding
multiple
,as
well
as
from
rising
rents
.
Some
of
the
best
multiple
plays
are
in
neighborhoods
where
the
economies
and
the quality of the tenants is improving . These
situations are most
often found in
large metropolitan areas like New York City .
The
best deals can be obtained from motivated sellers
, sometimes
colloquially as “ don’t
wanters .” Such a person may have recently
gotten divorced (or married , or had a
new child born ) , and no longer
finds
the house the right size . Otherwise , they might
have been
transferred
or
lost
a
job
and
want
a
house
with
lower
payments
.
The
classic
case is someone on
the brink
of
foreclosure . some
investors
check court
records of divorces
arrearages , and upcoming bankruptcy proceedings
to
find such people . Others will go to
banks or savings and loans and ask
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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