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2021-03-02 16:18
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2021年3月2日发(作者:系带鞋)





property


物业,资产




interest


产权



subsidiary


附属机构,子公司




valuation


评估




open market value


公开市场价值




leaseback


售后回租(即租回已出售的财产)




on a residual basis


剩余法




capital value


资本价值




cost of development


开发费(指拆迁费,七通一平费等)




professional fee


专业人员费(指勘察设计费等)




finance costs


融资成本(指利息等)




sale proceeds


销售收益




on the basis of capitalisation


资本还原法




floor area


建筑面积




title document


契约文书




plaza


购物中心




land use certificate


土地使用证



commercial/residential complex


商住综合楼




land use fee


土地使用费(获得土地使用权后, 每年支付国家的使用土地费用)



Grant Contract of Land Use Right


土地使用权出让合同




plot ratio


容积率




site coverage


建筑密度




land use term


土地使用期




project approval


项目许可




planning approval


规划许可




commission


佣金




permit


许可证




business license


营业执照




strata-title


分层所有权




public utilities


公共设施




urban planning


城市规划




state-owned land


国有土地




fiscal allotment


财政拨款




grant or transfer


出让或转让




the Municipal Land Administration Bureau


市土地管理局



infrastructure


基础设施




financial budget


财政预算




public bidding


公开招标




auction


拍卖




negotiation /agreement


协议




land efficiency


土地效益




location classification


地段等级






projecting parameter


规划参数




government assignment


政府划拨




administrative institution


行政事业单位



key zones for development


重点开发区




tract


大片土地




biding document


标书




prerequisitioned land


预征土地



competent authorities


主管部门




construction project


建设项目



planning permit of construction engineering


建设工程规划许可证



go through the formalities


办手续




comprehensive sub-areas


综合分区



reconstruction of old area


旧区改造




purchasing power


购买力




property trust


物业信托




equity


权益




cash flows


现金流量




appreciation


增值




disposition


处置




hedge


保值措施




income tax shelter


收入税的庇护



downturn


(经济)衰退




wealth maximisation


最大限度的增加财 产


(


同其他投资相比


)


forecast


预测




rules-of-thumb techniques


经验法




mortgage lender


抵押放贷者




vacancy


空房



discounted cash flow models


折现值现金流量模型



expectation


期望值




letting


出租




equity reversion


权益回收




bad debts


坏帐




depreciation allowances


折旧费




supplies


日常用品



utilities


公共事业设备




allowances for repairs and maintenance


维修费



unpaid mortgage balance


抵押贷款欠额




stamp duty


印花税



recession


衰退




overproduction


生产过剩




glut


供过于求




high-technology


高科技



investment strategy


投资策略




circulation


发行量





entrepreneur


倡导者,企业家




coliseum


大体育场,大剧院




chambers


(商业资本家联合组织的)会所




arena


室内运动场




socioeconomic status


社会经济地位




amenities


便利设施



condominium


个人占有公寓房,一套公寓房的个人所有权



income bracket


收入档次




tenement


分租合住的经济公寓




area code


(电话)地区代码




community


社区



assessment


估价




downzone


降低区划规模



housing residences


住宅




(



)


有关房子本身 的




1)


别墅:


Single Family House, Single House,


或者就是用


House,


这里的


HOUSE


就是指独立的


房子。一般不太用


VILLA

< br>这个词。




2)


联体别墅


/


城市别墅:


TO WNHOUSE


,几乎不用


CITYHOUSE





3)

< br>商品房


/


单元房


/


公寓:


CONDOMINIUM


或者就用


APARTMENT


,简称


APT





4


高层住宅:


HIGH RISING


,比如


HIGH RISING APARTMENT





5


楼层:


FLOOR


,或者


STORY


,比如第二层:

SECOND FLOOR





6


房间:


BEDROOM

< p>
,主卧室:


MASTER BEDROOM


,书房:


STURDY ROOM


。第二个睡


房:


SECOND BEDROOM





7


卫生间:


BATHROOM


,简称


BA


TH


,比 如一房一卫:


ONE BEDROOM



ONE BATH


,两


房一卫:


TWO BEDROOM



ONE BA


TH


。半个卫生间:


HALF B ATHROOM


。在家中一般不


叫厕所


-REST ROOM


,在公共场所用。




8




厅:


FAMIL


Y ROOM


,不叫


BIG ROOM


。第二个厅:


SECOND LIVING ROOM


,游戏


厅:


GAME ROOM


,家庭影院:


HOME THEATER





9


餐厅:早餐厅:


BREAKFAS T




晚餐


/


正餐厅:


FORMAL DINNING





10


厨房:


KITCHEN


,洗碗机:


DISHW


ASHER


,油烟机:


VENT HOOD


,烤箱:

< p>
OVEN


,外


国人一般不会炒菜,多数用烤箱。< /p>




11


煤气


/


天燃气:


GAS


电:


ELECTRICITY



有线电视:


CABLE TV



高速上网:


HIGH SPEED


INTERNET/DSL


,拨号上网:


DIAL UP


,无线上网:


WIRELESS INTERNET





12


地面:


FLOOR


,实木地板:


HARDWOOD FLOOR


,合成 地板:


LAMINA


TED FLOOR



地毯:


CARPET


,瓷砖:


TILE





13


空调:


AIR CONDITI ONER


简称


AC


< br>中央空调:


CENTRAL AC



窗式空调



WINDOW AC


UNIT





14


热水:


HOT WA


TER


,热水器



HOT W


ATER HEATER





15


淋浴:


SHOWER

< p>
,浴缸:


BA


TH TUB





16


面积:外国人一般不用米制而是用英尺,一平米大约是< /p>


10


平方英尺,比如,


80


平米就


接近


800


平方英尺 ,


你跟他们说平米就像他们跟你说英尺一样,


平方英尺的表达方 式:


SQFT



比如

< br>1000


平方英尺:


1000SQFT

< br>。


(


一平方英尺


=0

< p>


0929


平方米


)



17


停车:


PARKING SPACE/LOT


,免费停车:


FREE PARKING





(



)


有关经纪人的和出租的






1)


房地产经纪人:


REAL ESTA


TE AGENT


,或者就叫


AGENT


。置业顾问,



也是


AGENT



或者叫


BROKER


也可以。




2)


佣金:


COMMISSION



3)


经纪


/


中介公司:


REAL ESTA


TE BROKERAGE/BROKER COMPANY



或者< /p>


REALTY/REAL


ESTATE


都可以。




4)


租金:


RENT


,一个月的租金:


ONE MONTH RENT



5)


租约:


LEASE/RENT AGREEMENT


,按月付租金:


MONTH BY MONTH




6)


押金:


DEPOSIT


,一个 月的押金:


ONE MONTH RENT





7)


水电全包:


ALL BILLS PAID





8)


房东:


LANDLORD


,或者


OWNER


,房客:


TENANT



9)


出租:


FOR RENT


,公寓出租:


APT FOR RENT


,房间出租:


ROOM FOR RENT


,别墅出


租:


HOUSE FOR RENT





10)


室友:


ROOMMA


TE


,诚征室友:


ROOMMATE WANTED





(



)


有关二手房交易的



1)


卖主:


SELLER 2)


买主:


BUYER 3)


要价:


LISTING PRICE







ASKING PRICE 4)


给价:

OFFER


,或者



OFFER PRICE 5)


过户:


CLOSING 6)


现金支


付:


CASH PURCHASE 7)


首期:


DOWN PAYMENT





Financing


is


the


key


to


most


real


estate


transactions


,


so


if


you


are


buying


real estate for your personal use , consumer credit considerations are


of paramount importance . Unlike the standard stock leveraging scheme ,


where the debt is capped at 50 percent of the principal value of the


transaction


,


the


standard


debt-to-asset


ratio


in


real


estate


or


what


the


banks


call


the


loan-to-value


ratio


,


is


80


percent


,with


a


20


percent


down


payment . In such an instance , the lender looks as much to the credit


of


the


borrower


as


to


the


value


of


the


property


,


to


be


sure


of


repayment


.


Hence , your record of payment of other debts , or lack thereof , will


be


a


critical


factor


in


whether


or


not


you


get


credit


for


a


home


purchase


.


Other factors that come into play are your overall financial picture .


If


you


have


large


amounts


of


other


assets


such


as


stocks


,


that


will


help


.


Retirement assets such as individual retirement accounts (IRAs) cannot


be used to secure loans , but even they may indirectly count in a


borrower’s favor as evidenc


e of astuteness .





If you are buying property for rental as a business , then more


businesslike


considerations


apply


.


The


bank


will


still


want


to


evaluate


loan- to-value and income-to-debt service ratios , but may give lesser


weight to your personal financial situation . Your past business


experience


,


either


in


real


estate


or


in


other


areas


,


will


be


taken


into


account , as will your business credit record . In unusual cases , the


lender may require you to sign for loans personally , in which case your


personal financial situation will matter . There are several types of


lenders . The most common one is a financial institution such as a bank


or


a


savings


and


loan


.


A


second


is


government


agencies


such


as


Veteran’s




Administration or the Federal Housing Authority . The third source of


financing is owner financing .





对 于大多数房地产交易来说,关键在于资金问题的解决。一旦你决定买房,


重中之重便是考 虑消费品信用贷款。与标准存量中要求债务上限为交易本金的


50%

的平衡计划不同,在房市中,标准负债与资产比率(银行称之为贷款与价值


比率)可 达


80%


,只需


20%


的预付定金。在这种情况下,贷方把借方的信誉和资


产看得同样考试

< p>
&


大重要,以确保借方有能力偿还债务。所以,你的其它债务的

< p>
还款记录(或者记录缺失)将会成为致命因素,直接影响你能否获得购房信贷。

当然,


还有一些因素在起着作用,


它们也会影响你的整个筹 资计划。


你如果有大


量的诸如股票之类的另类资产的话,


这会对你的信贷非常有利。


个人退休金帐户


之 类的退休资产虽然不能用来做贷款担保,


可即便如此,


它们却会 证明你很精明,


并因此而博得贷方的好感。






如果你 购房是为了商业经营,


那你就需要一步步深思熟虑。


银行仍然会 对你


的贷款与价值和工资与债务的偿还比率进行评估,


但可能会 低估你的个人财务状


况。


你的商业信贷记录也会被纳入评估的考 虑范围,


以往的经营经验


(房地产或


是 其它领域)也会被予以考虑。特殊情况下,贷方可能要求本人亲自签收贷款,


此时,


你的个人财务状况就会与此挂钩。


贷方分为好多种。


最常见的就是银行和


信用合作社等金融机构。


第二种就 是退伍军人管理局和联邦房屋管理局的政府机


构。第三种资金来源就是业主融资。



A bank will look at the borrower’s income relative to the proposed debt service payments . The


rule of thumb during the middle of the twentieth century was that a mortgage should not be more


than two and a half times income . A more current rule of thumb was that mortgage payments


should not be more than 28 percent of income , and total debt service payments should not be


more than 34 percent of income . In recent years , the latter ratio has been relaxed to as much as


40 percent , a financial stretch . A borrower can even apply for a loan with no income verification .


Typically , however , the bank requires a large-than



usual down payment 25 to 35 percent or


more , and a clean credit record .





Somewhat different requirements apply for a government loan . For instance , the Veteran’s


Administration will make loans to war veterans at low interest rates . Other government agencies


target other constituencies such as low-income housing . If you have a good record of running


multi-family houses , you may qualify for government loans for the development and management


of low-income units . In such cases , your ability to get the loan is contingent on your meeting the


particular politically requirements . Also , government loans are more likely to have onerous terms


such as prepayment penalties .





A third source of financing , if you find the right seller and are persuasive enough , is owner


financing . A mortgage is nothing more than an IOU in which a buyer agrees to pay a lender the


value of the house over a period of time . It is really a way of borrowing money using the house as


collateral. The borrower issues a mortgage , and is known as a mortgage , while the lender is


known as the mortgage . In this particular instance , the seller is also the lender of the last resort .


Occasionally , there will be home advertisements in the newspaper that say OWC , or owner will




carry .





针对预定的债务偿还量,银行还会了解借方的收入情况。


20


世纪中期单纯经验的方法


就是抵押最多 为工资的二点五倍。


更为流行的单纯经验方法就是抵押贷款月供最多为月薪的

< p>
28%


,总偿债支付款最多为还款期间工资总额的


34%


。在最近几年,后者已经达到了


40%

< br>,


这就是金融延伸。


借方甚至没有收入证明也可以申请贷 款,


可尽管如此,


银行却会特别要求


一 笔


25-35%


甚至更多的巨额首付和一个无污点的信贷记录。






申请政府贷款要求多少会有些不同。


例如,


退伍军人管理局会给予曾经参战的退伍军人


低息贷款。


其它政府 机构提供的是一些赞助服务,


比如对那些低收入家庭。


如果你具 有一个


经营多户住宅的良好记录,


你就可以获得政府贷款以对低 收入住宅进行开发管理。


在这些情


况之下,

你能否获得贷款取决于你能否遇到政治上的特殊需要。


当然,


政府贷款更可能包括


一些繁苛的条款,比如说提前预付罚金。






第三种 资金来源为业主融资,


即通过你的能力,


自己发现和说服卖家。


其实抵押就是借


据,


通过这个借据,< /p>


买方同意在一定的时间范围内偿还房价借款,


说到底只是贷款买房 方式


的一个担保。借方提供了抵押,


并将其作为抵押,


而且贷方也认可了这个抵押。在这个特例


中,卖方其实就是最后贷方。偶 尔,新闻上刊登一些房屋广告会提到



业主负责还款

< p>



The


buying


and


borrowing


transactions


are


handled


simultaneously


by


a


closer


.


She


will


take


the


down


payment


,


typically


in


the


form


of


a


certified


check


from the buyer , and the check from the lender for the amount of the


mortgage . She will then take title from the seller and re- register the


property in the name of the buyer . Finally , she will hand over the


monetary proceeds to the seller .


If the parties want to make absolutely


sure


of


the


validity


of


the


transaction


,


they


will


close


in


escrow


.


For


most transactions , such a level of detail is not necessary .





It


is


said


that


the


three


basics


of


real


estate


are


location


,


location


,


and


location


.


That


is


true


,


all


other


things


being


equal


.


It


means


that


you should not buy


in a poor


location


. But


it is also does not mean that


you should necessarily “ pay up



” for the best . Just as with stocks


you


can


make


money


from


an


expanding


multiple


,as


well


as


from


rising


rents


.


Some


of


the


best


multiple


plays


are


in


neighborhoods


where


the


economies


and the quality of the tenants is improving . These situations are most


often found in large metropolitan areas like New York City .





The best deals can be obtained from motivated sellers , sometimes


colloquially as “ don’t wanters .” Such a person may have recently


gotten divorced (or married , or had a new child born ) , and no longer


finds the house the right size . Otherwise , they might have been


transferred


or


lost


a


job


and


want


a


house


with


lower


payments


.


The


classic


case is someone on


the brink


of


foreclosure . some


investors check court


records of divorces arrearages , and upcoming bankruptcy proceedings to


find such people . Others will go to banks or savings and loans and ask


-


-


-


-


-


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