-
名词用法详解
名词是用来表示人名、地名、时间名称、事件名称及抽象概念的词,有专有名词
和普
通名词之分,还有可数名词与不可数名词之分。
Ⅰ名词的基本分类
1
、专有名词
:指人或物所特有的名字,通常是人名、地名、书报刊名、团体组<
/p>
织、机关名等。
表示人名、
称呼或头衔
Jack,
Mum, Chairman Mao, Uncle Sam
的名词。
不要带冠词的
表示星期、
月份或节日
Sunday,
October,
Teachers
’
Day,
专有名词
的名词
National Day,
Spring Festival
表示国名、
地名或城市
China ,
Guangxi University, Beijing
名的名词
★表示“某某一家人”
the Greens,
格林一家
或
“某某夫妇”
的专有
the
Wangs
王氏夫妇
名词
要带冠词的专
the United states, the
Great Wall,
有名词
the
UN
(联合国)
,the
West
Lake,
the
带有定冠词的其它
Yellow
River
,
the China
Daily
(中
国日报)
, the
People Daily
(人民日
报)
,
the Olympics
例
1
:
The
Olympic
Games
in
the
year
2008
_____
in
Beijing
of
China,
which
_____ known to us all.
A. is
to hold; is B. is to be held; was
C. are to hold; is D. are to be
held; is
例
2
:
The
United states made up of 50 states
2
、普通名词:
指一类人、事物、物质或抽象概念的名称。
1
)
个体名词:指作为个体而存在的人或物。
bird, car,
computer, doctor,
message, work, novel,
movie
2
)
< br>集体名词:
指一群人或一些事物总称的名词。
army,
class,
cattle,
family,
group, police,
public, staff
,
audience
★注意:
由于本身就是复数意义,
通常不再通过加
s
变成复数,
但是在主谓一致
关系中要看是否表示整体,
如果强调的是组成该集体的个体概念时谓语动
词用复
数,如果表示整体要用单数。
people, police, cattle
作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
class,
family
,
team
作整体时,动词用单数。作成员时,动词用复数。
例
1
:
1.
The whole class ___ greatly moved at his words.
A. is B. had C. were D. was
例
2
:
At
present,
Zhang
’
s
family
__rather
big,
with
twelve
people
in
all.
A. is B. are C. being
D. was
例
3
:
The
Smith
’
s
family,
which
_____
rather
a
large
one,
_____
very
fond
of
their old house.
A. were; were B. was;
were
C. were; was
D. was;
was
例
4
:
The
team ____ having a meeting.
A. is B.
are C. am D. be
例
5
:
In
fact, _______ one cause that leads to the problem.
A. cattle is B. cattle are C.
cattles are D. the cattles are
3
)
物质名
词:指无法分解为个体的物质、材料、食品、饮料、液体、气体、金
属等名称的词。
p>
brick,
cloth,
cotton,
earth,
glass,
paper,
plastic,
sand,
beef, chicken, duck, fish, bread,
sugar, water, rain, gas, ink, petrol,
smoke, fog, air
4)
抽象名词:指人或事物的品质、情感、状态、动作等抽象概念及学科、疾病
等名称的
词。
honesty
诚实
kindness
仁慈
imagination
想象力
wisdom
智
慧
patience
耐
心
courage
勇
气
surprise
惊
讶
feeling
情
感
appreciation
欣赏
anger
愤怒
sorrow
悲伤
happiness
幸福
joy
高兴
danger
危险
celebration
庆
< br>祝
blame
责备
behavior
行为
argument
争论
discovery
发现
< br> maths
数学
physics
物理
cancer
癌症
honor
荣誉
success
成功
failure
失败
information
信息
例
1
:
He
is a success as a leader but he hasn't ____ in
teaching.
A.
an
experience
B.
much
experience
C.
many
experiences
D.
a
lot
experience
例<
/p>
2
:
During
Christmas,
people
get
together
and
sing
Christmas songs
for
____.A. fun B. wishes C.
interest D. thanks
例
3
:
If
you don't take much ____, you'll get fat.
A. medicine B. lessons C. photos D.
exercise
5
)复合名词:
是指两个名词直接连在一起构成的复合词。
daylight
白昼
birthday
生
日
hea
dmaster
校
长
grandparents
祖
父
母
bookshelf
书
架
passer-by
过路人
swimming pool
游泳池
blackboard
黑板
income
收入
outcome
结果,成果
sister-in-law
嫂子
father-in-law
岳父
son-in-law
女婿
Ⅱ名词的数
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
1
、可数名词:
能用具体数字来计数的名词。可以单独和冠词、数
词连用。如:
an engineer,two factories.
可数名词复数的规则变化:
desk
→
desks
brother
→
brothers
一般在词尾加
-s
map
→
maps
bridge
→
bridges
mouth
→
mouths
month
→
以
-s, -x, -sh, -ch
结
glass
→
glasses
box
→
boxes
★
stomach
的复数
尾的加
-es
brush
→
brushes
watch
→
watches
形式
直接加
-s
。
factory
→
factories
country
→
以辅音字母加
-y
结尾的
countries
party
→
parties
词,把
y
变
i
再加
es
family
→
families <
/p>
以元音字母加
y
结尾的
< br>boy
→
boys monkey
→
monkeys
词,直接加
-s
toy
→
toys
piano
→
pianos
photo
→
photos
以
-o
结尾的词加
-s
或
-es
bamboo
→
bamboos
radio
→
radios
zero
零
volcano
zoo
→
zoos kilo
→
kilos
火山有两种复数形
p>
negro
→
Negroes
hero
→
heroes
式
黑人和英雄吃土豆和西
tomato
→
tomatoes
potato
→
红柿
potatoes
leaf
→
leaves
half
→
halves
为了自己活命,小
wife
→
wives knife
→
knives
偷和他的妻子拿着<
/p>
以
-f
或
-fe
结尾的词:
f,
shelf
→
shelves
wolf
→
wolves
刀子和一片
树叶站
fe
变为
v
再加
-es
thief
→
thieves life
→
lives
在架子上,把狼劈
myself
→
ourselves
成两半。
cliff
→
cliffs roof
→
roofs
handkerc
hief
有
直接加
-s
belief
→
beliefs
gulf
→
gulfs
两种复数形式
proof
→
proofs
例
1
:
The
_____were covered with fallen ______.
;leafs. leaves. leaves. leafs.
例
2
:
He
has twenty ______on his farm.
. .
D. deers
例
3
:
Which do you prefer, _______ or ________?
s,tomatos s,tomatoes
es,tomatos es
例
4
:
There were a serious
damage in these soldiers
’
.
A.
stomachs
可数名词复数的不规则变化
规
则
例
词
1
改变名词中的元音字母
man-men, woman-
women, foot-feet, goose-geese,
或其他形式
mouse-mice
2
中国的计量单位无得数
li,
yuan,
jin,
但除人民币元
、角、分外,美元、英镑、
形式
法郎
等都有复数形式
dollars,pounds,francs
3
单复数相同
sheep, deer, series, means, works,
fish, species
4
只有复数形式
ashes,
trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses,
compasses, contents
5
一些集体名词总是用作
people, police,
cattle, staff
复数
部分集体名词既可以作
audience, class,
family, crowd, couple, group,
6
单数
(整体)
也可以作复
co
mmittee, government, population, crew, team,
数(成员)
public,
enemy, party
customs(
海关
),
forces(
军队
),
times(
时代
),
7
复数形式表示特别含义
spirits(
情绪
),
drinks(
饮料
),
sands(
沙滩
),
papers(
文件报纸
),
manners(
礼貌
),
looks(
外表
),
brains(
头脑智力
),
greens(
青菜
),
ruins(
废墟
)
加
-s
Americans,
Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes,
表示
Europeans,humans
8
“某
单复数同形
Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese
p>
国
以
-man
或<
/p>
-woman
Englishmen, Frenchwomen
人”
结尾的改为
-men,-women
将主体名词变为复
sons-in-law,
lookers-on, passers-by,
9
合成
数
story-tellers, boy friends
名词
无主体名词时将最
grown-ups,
housewives,
后一部分变为复数
go-
between
中间人,媒人
go-betweens
用
man/woman
作
women singers, men servants
定语的名词,两者
woman teacher
→
women teachers
要变为复数。
man doctor
→
men doctors
man
cook
→
men cooks
woman writer
→
women writers
①
p>
maths
,
politics
,
physics
等学科名词,为不可数名
10
以
s
结尾,<
/p>
仍为单数的名
词,是单数。②
news
是不可数名词。③
the United
词
States
,
the United
Nations
应视为单数。④以复数形
式出现的书名,剧名
,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。
11
表示由两部分构成的东
glasses
(
眼镜
)
trousers,
p>
clothes
若表达具体数
西
目,
要借助数量词
pair(
对,
双
);
suit(
套
);
a
pair
of
glasses; two pairs of trousers
12
英语中的某些外来词,
其
bacterium
→
bacteria<
/p>
细菌
penny
→
pennies/pence
便
复数变化很特殊
士
medium
→<
/p>
media
媒体
datum
→
data
资料
phenomenon
→
phenomena
现象
formula
→
formulae
公式
basis
→
b
ases
基础
thesis
→<
/p>
theses
论文
crisis
→
crises
危
机
13
其他的复数形式
年份:加
s
或’
s the
1980s
(或
1980
’
s
)二十世纪
八十年
代缩写词:加
s
或’
s
VIPs
或
VIP
’
s
(贵宾们)
英文字母等,加’
s
Mind your p
’
s and
q
’
s.
14
名词原形直接作定语
(不
room
numbers coffee cups shoe factories
表
示所有关系)
,相当于
geography lessons
tooth brushes power plants
welcome
parties heart troubles
偏正词组,
只变主要名词
15
有的名词习惯于用复数
p
arents
meeting(
家长会
) goods
train(
货车
)
作定语,也只变主要名
sales department
(
销售部
)
词。
sports
meet(
运动会
)
英
语
中<
/p>
修
饰
可
数
名
词
复
数
的
词
组
有
;many,many
a,lots
of/a
lot
of,a
great/good number of,plenty of,a
few/quite a few,few
等。
例
1
:
I
need ____
___ cloth, for I’m going to
make
_______ clothes.
A. a
lot of; many B. much; much C. many; many D.
many; a lot
例
2
:
p>
Here are so many at the foot of the
mountain.
例
3In the view of the foreign
experts, there wasn
’t ____ oil
here.
A. much B. lots of
C. a great deal of D. many
例
4
:
Since 1974 there have
been two in this city.
mayors B.
woman mayor.C. women mayors mayor
例
5
:
He
invited all of his ______ to join his wedding
party.
A. comrade-in-arms C.
comrades-in-arm
B. comrades-in-arms
D. comrade-in-arm
例
6
< br>:
There are four and two in
the group.
A. Japanese, Germen B
Japaneses, Germen
C. Japanese,German
se, Germans
例
7:There are six
and seven in the pond
;gooses
;goose C. duck;geese D. duck;geeses
例<
/p>
8
:
Physics _____
with matter and motion.
A. deal B.
deals C. dealing D. are
例
9
p>
:
_______is standing at the
corner of the street.
A. A police
police C. Police D. A policeman
2
、不可数名词:
不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词。一
般情况下,不可数名
词没有数的变化,
不可直接与不定冠词
p>
aan
和数词连用,
但是,
在下列情况下,
不可数名词可以转化为可数名词。
例
1
:
The
teacher praised him for ______he had________.
A. the progress…made
B. the
progresses…made
C. a
progress…made
D. progress…taken
分析:
progress
是不可数名词,
不能变复数或与
a
连用;
根据词组
make
progress
,
只选
A
项。
例
2
:
He
gains his _______ by printing _______of famous
writers.
A .wealth, work
B. wealths, works
C. wealth,
works
D. wealths, work
分析:
wealth
意为“财富”,是不可数名
词,
works
表示“著作、作品”,故选
为
C
项。
例
3
:
James took
the magazines off the little table to make ______
for
the television.
A. room
B. area C. field D. position
例
4
:
The
room was small and contained far too ______.
new furniture C. much new
furnitures
new furniture D. many
new furnitures
例
5
:
Let
me give you ________.
advice. s
C. an advice advice.
1
)可转化为可数名词的物质名词
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇:惠崇教学设计及反思精品
下一篇:家庭日用品英语