Translation from Chinese into English(3)(1)

Translation from Chinese into English

Unit 1

学术道德中的数据管理涉及三个方面：

1

）

数据收集要可靠，

讲究道德并真实

2< /p>

）

收集数据的所有权和责任

）

对数据的保留，

以及 与同行和公众对收集数据的分

享。

学术不端指在提议、

操作或审查研究或汇报科研结果过程中的伪造、

篡改或

< br>剽窃行为。

伪造指的是编造数据或结果并进行记录或汇报。

篡改指操纵研究资料、

设备或过程，改变或省略数据或结果从而使得研究结果不能被准 确记录的行为。

剽窃指挪用他人想法、过程、结果或表达却未给与恰当认可的行为。

Data management, in respect to research ethics, involves three issues: 1) the ethical

and

truthful

collection

of

reliable

data;

2)

the

ownership

and

responsibility

of

collected

data;

and,

3)

retaining

data

and

sharing

access

to

collected

data

with

colleagues and the public. Research misconduct is defined as fabrication, falsification,

or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reviewing research, or in reporting research

results.

Fabrication

is

making

up

data

or

results

and

recording

or

reporting

them.

Falsification is manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing

or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the

research record. Plagiarism is the appropriation of another person’s ideas, processes,

results, or words without giving appropriate credit.

Unit 3

文化通常被认为是一整 套价值观的组合，

形成一群人认知以及和其周围世界的关

联的方 式。

不同的民族有不同的文化和价值观。

尽管美国人可能认为他 们自己比

实际看上去更加变幻莫测，

但是大部分美国人赞同以下 几种价值观。

首先他们不

相信命运的力量，那些相信此道的人被 认为是落后、原始和极其幼稚的。另外，

美国人认为自己在思想和行动上都是高度个人主 义的，

他们抗拒担任任何同质组

织的典型代。

< br>平等是美国人最珍视的价值理念之一，

美国人也因此而赋予这一理

念以宗教基础

.

然而，这种关于平等的理念常使外国 人感到美国人不可思议。十

之八九的外国人并不认同这一理念。

对他们来说，

等级、

地位和权威是人们更加

向往的东西。

因此，在我们看待一种文化时，仅仅熟悉这 些价值观是不够的，

还必须尽可能做到不因自身经历和文化身份而对这些价值观有负面和 贬损的看

法。

A culture can be viewed as a collection of values that go together to shape the way a

group of people perceive and relate to the world around them. Different people may

have different cultures and values. Although Americans may think of themselves as

being

more

varied

and

unpredictable

than

they

actually

are,

most

Americans

have

reached consensus regarding the following values. First of all, they do not believe the

power

of

fate.

Those

who

believe

so

are

regarded

as

being

backward,

primitive,

or

hopelessly

naive.

In

addition,

Americans

think

they

are

more

individualist

in

their

thoughts

and

actions

than,

in

fact,

they

are.

They

resist

being

thought

of

as

representatives

of

a

homogenous

group,

whatever

the

group.

Equality

is,

for

Americans,

one

of

their

most

cherished

values.

This

concept

is

so

important

for