论文英文文献翻译

”

的时代，即电气时代、电子时代和现已进入的电脑时

< br>

代。不过，这种电脑，通常是指个人计算机，简称

PC

机。它 白主机、键盘、显示器等组成。

还有一类计算机，

人多数人却不 怎么熟悉。

这种计算机就是把智能赋予各种机械的单片机

（亦< /p>

称微控制器）

。顾名思义，这种计算机的最小系统只用了一片集成 电路，即可进行简单运算和

控制。因为它体积小，通常都藏在被控机械的

“

肚子

”

里。它在整个装置中 ，起着有如人类头

脑的作用，它出了毛病，整个装置就瘫痪了。现在，这种单片机的使用 领域已十分广泛，如

科能仪表、实时

T

控、通讯设备、导航系统、家用电器等。各种产品。一旦用上了单片机，

就能起到使产品 升级换代的功效，常在产品名称前冠以形容词一一

“

智能型

”

，如智能型洗衣

机等。

< br>现在有些工厂的技术人员或其它业余电子开发者搞出来的某些产品，

不是电路太复 杂，

就是功能太简单且极易被仿制。究其原因，可能就卡在产品未使用单片机或其它可编 程逻辑

器件上。

Single chip brief introduction

The monolithic integrated circuit said that the monolithic micro controller, it is not completes

some logical function the chip, but integrates a computer system to a chip on. Summary speaking: A

chip has become a computer. Its volume is small, the quality is light, and the price cheap, for the

study, the application and the development has provided the convenient condition. At the same time,

the study use monolithic integrated circuit is understands the computer principle and the structure

best choice.

The monolithic integrated circuit interior also uses with the computer function similar module,

for instance CPU, memory, parallel main line, but also has with the hard disk behave identically the

memory

component7

what

is

different

is

its

these

part

performance

is

opposite

our

home-use

computer weak many, but the price is also low, generally does not surpass 10 Yuan then Made some

control

electric

appliance

one

kind

with

it

is

not

the

'very

complex

work

foot,

We

use

now

the

completely automatic drum washer, the platoon petti-coat pipe: VCD and so on Inside the electrical

appliances may see its form! It is mainly takes the control section the core part.

It is one kind of online -like real-time control computer, online -like is the scene control, needs

to have the strong antijamming ability, the low cost, this is also and the off-line type computer (for

instance home use PC,) main difference

The monolithic integrated circuit is depending on the procedure, and may revise. Realizes the

different function through the different procedure, particularly special unique some functions, this is

other component needs to take the very big effort to be able to achieve, some are the flowered big

strength is also very difficult to achieve. One is not the very complex function, if develops in the

50s with the US 74 series, or the 60s's CD4000 series these pure hardware do decides, the electric

circuit certainly arc a big PCB board ! But if, if succeeded in the 70s with the US puts in the market

the series monolithic integrated circuit, the result will have the huge difference. Because only the

monolithic integrated circuit compiles through you the procedure may realize the high intelligence,

high efficiency, as well as redundant reliability

The

CPU

is

the

key

component

of

a

digital

computer.

Its

purpose

is

to

decode

instruction

received

from

memory

and

perform

transfers,

arithmetic,

logic,

and

control

operations

with

data

stored

in

internal

registers,

memory,

or

I/O

interface

units.

Externally,

the

CPU

provides

one

or

more

buses

for

transferring

instructions,

data,

and

control

information

to

and

from

components

connected

to

it.

A

micro

controller

is

present

in

the

keyboard

and

in

the

monitor

in

the

generic

computer; thus these components are also shaded. In such micro controllers, the CPU may be quite

different

from

those

discussed

in

this

chapter.

The

word

lengths

may

be

short,

the

number

of

registers

small,

and

the

instruction

sets

limited.

Performance,

relatively

speaking,

is

poor,

but

adequate for the task. Most important, the cost of these micro controllers is very low, making their

use cost effective.

Because the monolithic integrated circuit to the cost is sensitive, therefore present occupies the

dominant status the software is the most preliminary assembly language7 it was except the binary

machine code above the most preliminary language, since why were such preliminary must use?

Why high-level did the language already achieve the visualization programming level not to use?

The reason is very simple, is the monolithic integrated circuit docs not have home computer such

CPU,

and

also

has

not

looked

like

the

hard

disk

such

mass

memory

equipment.

Inside

even

if

a

visualization higher order language compilation script only then a button, also will achieve several

dozens

K

the

sizes!

Does

not

speak

anything

regarding

the

home

use

PC

hard

disk,

but

says

regarding the monolithic integrated circuit cannot accept. The monolithic integrated circuit in the

hardware source aspect's use factor must very Gao Caixing, therefore assembly, although primitive

actually

massively

is

using,

Same

truth,

if

attains

supercomputer's

on

operating

system

and

the

application

software

home

use

PC

to

come

up

the

movement,

home

use

PC

could

also

not

withstand.

It

can

be

said

that

the

20th

century

surmounted

three

electricity

the

time,

namely

the

electrical

time,

the

Electronic

Age

and

already

entered

computer

time.

However,

this

kind

of

computer, usually refers to the personal computer, is called PC machine. It by the main engine, the

keyboard, the monitor and so on is composed. Also has a kind of computer, most people actually

not how familiar. This kind of computer is entrusts with the intelligence each kind of mechanical