英文筷子简介

SUBJECT: Chopsticks

GENERAL PURPOSE: To inform

SPECIFIC PURPOSE: To inform the audience about the history

of chopsticks,

To inform the audience on the different types of chopsticks,

To inform the audience how to use chopsticks.

SUPPORTING MATERIALS:

?

Documented Sources:

Diner's

Digest

.

23

Sept.

1998

.

?

The Japanese Tutor

. 23 Sept. 1998

./~language/Chops/Chopst ick

>

.

?

Giblin, James Cross.

From Hand to Mouth, Or, How We

Invented

Knives,

Forks,

Spoons,

and

Chopsticks,

and

the

Manners to Go With Them

. New Faux City: Pseudo, 19??.

?

- The Ability Utility

.

22

Sept.

1998

.

?

Visual aids: posters and chopsticks

Outline

?

Introduction

Attention-Getting device: Imagine you are invited to a nice

Chinese

or

Japanese

restaurant

to

have

dinner

with

your

good

friends.

What

kinds

of

utensils

are

you

going

to

use

when you start to enjoy your meal? A fork and a knife? Or

chopsticks? Do you know some kinds of foods taste better

when you use the right utensil? Chinese and Japanese foods

are no exception. They taste better when you eat them with

chopsticks.

?

Preview:

In

China

and

Japan,

chopsticks

play

a

very

important

role

in

the

dining

culture.

Today,

I

am

going

to

share with you several topics about chopsticks:

?

Where did they come from?

?

How do you use them in the proper way?

?

How can you practice using them?

?

?

Body

The History of Chopsticks -- We ar not sure when chopsticks

were first used but, we do know that they were invented in

China where their use has been traced back at least as far

as the 3rd century B.C. The famous philosopher Confucius,

who lived over 200 years earlier

, influenced the development

of chopsticks with his nonviolent teaching. According to his

teaching,

food

should

be

cut

up

in

slaughterhouses

or

kitchens, not at the table. Knives, with their association to

war and death, were not to be brought to the dinner table.

Today, chopsticks are used in Japan, Korea, and Vietnam as

well as China, making them the world's second most popular

method of conveying food to mouth.

?

What chopsticks are made of -- Most chopsticks are

made of bamboo or other wood. But they can be made

of plastic or silver

. There is a very special purpose for

chopsticks that are made of silver

. I

will

talk aabout

this later

.

?

The name of chopsticks

In Chinese, chopsticks are pronounced

meaning

?

In Japanese, chopsticks are called

means

?

The

word

as

we

use

it

today

came from the 19th century when the Chinese

word was translated by trader into pidgin English.

The word

?

The Shape of chopsticks -- Chinese chopsticks are

squared-off and blunt at the end. Japanese chopsticks

are

rounded

and

tapered

to

a

point.

It

has

been

suggested that this is in order to facilitate the removal

of bones from fish which makes up a major part of the

Japanese diet.

?

No one really knows who came up with the phrade

term was created.

?

Other uses of chopsticks -- Besides being an eating

utensil, there are other ways to use chopsticks:

?

In

ancient

China,

chopsticks

were

always

made of silver in the royal family. The emperor

was

very

important

to

the

whole

country.

To

prevent

the

emperor

from

being

poisoned,

servants

would

test

the

food

with

silver

chopsticks which change color upon contact with

certain types of poisons.

?

In Taiwan, there is a special kind of folk dance

called the

would

hold

a

pair

of

chopsticks

in

each

hand

while

they

dance.

In

this

situation,

chopsticks

are

like

paint

brushes

to

the

painter

.

They

become a tool for artistic expressions.

?

In

Japan,

chopsticks

can

be

treated

as

decorative

objects.

They

are

usually

made

of

lacquered wood and are sometimes elaborately

painted and personalized for their owners.

?

It

is

said

that

using

chopsticks

helps

to

prevent

old

people

from

becoming

demented.

There

could

be

wisdom

to

this

adage

since

people who always use their fingers tend to keep

their minds sharp.

?

How to use chopsticks

?

Hold one stick between your first two fingers and

the other stick between your second and third fingers

?

Use your thumb as a pivoting point for the upper

stick. Then push down on the lower stick with the area

between your thumb's joint and your thumb's knuckle.

?

The lower stick should remain stationary and only

the upper stick moves.

?

You should hold chopsticks at the correct position.

Holding chopsticks in the incorrect position will make

them difficult to use.

?

How Do You Practice

?

Position

the

chopsticks

like

in

the

above

mention

steps

?

Time: 3 minutes a day for several days

?

What you will need:

?

Some pieces of food

?

A set of chopsticks -- preferably tapered

?

Tips:

?

Practice with salad first

?

Start with large pieces and decrease the size

as your skill improves

?

Soon you can even pick up peanuts

?

Like any other skills, repetition is the key to success.

Several shot practices over a period of time is more

effective than a big chunk of time spent in one day.

?

Conclusion

?

Summary -- Today, I have shared with you the history of

chopsticks,

how

to

use

them,

and

how

to

practice

using

them.

?

Concluding Device -- I mentioned in the beginning that

food will taste better if you use the right utensil. Just like you

need to use a fork and a knife when you order steaks at a

steak house, you need to use chopsticks to eat when you go

to a Chinese or Japanese restaurant. So practice how to use

them

when

you

have

a

chance.

Next

time

you

are

in

a

Chinese or Japanese restaurant, you will appreciate the real

taste of Chinese and Japanese foods.

Introduction of Chinese Chopsticks

Traditional Chinese Chopsticks

In ancient times, chopsticks were called ‘Zhu’. At that time,

our ancestors liked to steam or boil food. It was difficult for

them

to

use

spoons

to

dip

vegetables

in

the

soup.

So

they

cleverly

invented

‘Zhu’

to

nip

food,

thus

it

has

become

the

most

convenient tableware in their lives. Development of chopstick

has experienced a long history. Early in Xia Dynasty (21st

–

16th

century

BC),

the

shape

was

still

in

development.

Chopsticks

only became two sticks of the same length in the Shang Dynasty

(16th

–

11th

century

BC).

In

the

late

Shang

Dynasty,

the

tyrannical King Zhou ordered his craftsmen to make chopsticks

from elephants’ teet

h, which was seen to be the most luxurious

in the early history of Chinese food culture.

The

appearance

of

chopsticks

said

goodbye

to those

days

when

our

Chinese

ancestors

had

to

use

their

hands

to

eat,

so

they

featured

the coming of civilization to food culture. The invention has

many scientific theories. The lever principle of mechanics was

applied

into practice. The point

where

two

sticks

crossed

is

the

pivot of the lever.

How to Use Chinese Chopsticks

Chinese Bamboo Chopsticks

Chinese people are familiar with the use of chopsticks. Many

foreigners are interested in but also puzzled about how to use

it

with

facility.

Here

are

some

notes

you’d

better

remember

when

to use it.

?

First, you must hold the upper part and don’t cross it.

?

Second,

hold

it

with

your

thumb,

index

finger,

middle

finger

and third finger. One stick is against your third finger and

the other leans on your middle finger.

?

Third, when you pick vegetable or meat in the dishes, use

your index finger and middle finger to control the sticks.

Practice a lot and then you will find it is an easy job.