考研英语一阅读理解真题加解析1995passage

1995 Passage 4

Personality is to a large extent inherent

—

A-type parents usually

bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound

effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to

become a major factor in the lives of their children.

One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is,

by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools

adopt the

sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete

against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system,

in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type

fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember

that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after

saying:

By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate

emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to

concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by

examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain

knowledge of failure is positively harmful.

Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters

change into B's. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty

to try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment. It

is top management.

If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more

time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for

the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good

grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and

sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-

type stock. B's are important and should be encouraged.

63. According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually ________.

[A] impatient

[B] considerate

[C] aggressive

[D] agreeable

64. The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at

schools because ________.

[A] the pressure is too great on the students

[B] some students are bound to fail

[C] failure rates are too high

[D] the results of examinations are doubtful

65. The selection of medical professionals is currently based on ________.

[A] candidates' sensitivity

[B] academic achievements

[C] competitive spirit

[D] surer values

66. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ________.

[A] the personality of a child is well established at birth

[B] family influence dominates the shaping of one's characteristics

[C] the development of one's personality is due to multiple factors

[D] B-type characteristics can find no place in a competitive society

性格在很大程度上是先天形成的— —

A

型性格的父母会有

A

型性格的子女。但环境也

一定对其有深刻的影响，因为如果竞争对父母来说很 重要的话，那它也可能成为孩子生活

中的一个重要因素。

让孩子吸收

A

型性格的一个地方是学校。学校，就其本质而言，是高度竞争的机构。

很多学校采用“不惜一切代价获取成功”的道德标准并通过炫耀成绩来估量孩子们是否成

功。目前热衷于让孩子与同学竞争或与时间赛跑造成了一种双重体制，在这种体制中，竞

争性的

A

型学生在某些方面似乎比

< br>B

型的学生要好。过分地热衷于获胜会产生危险的后

果： 记住，第一位跑马拉松的费迪皮迪兹在说完“欢呼吧，我们赢了”之后几秒便倒地而

死。

学校里 最糟糕的竞争形式就是不恰当的强调考试。很少有学校允许学生集中精力做他

们能做好的 事。以考试竞争这种做法的好处本身有点值得怀疑，而明知有人考试会通不过

的情况下还 要进行竞争，则肯定是有害的。

显然，要将所有

A

型孩子变成

B

型孩子既不现实也不可取。这个世界需要各种性格的

< br>人，一个重要职责是使孩子的性格适合将来可能从事的工作。这才是最好的管理理念。

如果学校对学业的强调减少 一些，也许就有更多的时间教孩子更重要的价值观念。也

许对护理职业——特别是医疗护 理人员——的选择应少注重化学成绩而多关注他们是否敏

感、是否有同情心。只从

A

型性格的人员中挑选医生的确是个错误。

B

型性格的人非常重

要，应该受到鼓励。

难句解析：

①

But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if

competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor

in the lives of their children.

▲本句的主干是

... the environment must also have a profound effect

。后面的

since

引导一个原因状语从句，而这个从句又是一个

if

引导的条件主从复合句。