英语构词法归纳总结[原创]

They can be used as a stock

feed

.

它们可以作为牲口饲料。

Women have a equal

say

in everything.

妇女在各方面都有同样的发言权。

He won two games

；

the other two were

draws.

他赢了两局，另外两局打平了。

②

也有相当多的名词可以当动词用。 许多表示物件的名词可以用做动词来表示动

作。

Have you booked your ticket

？

Who chaired the meeting

？

He pinned great hopes on us.

It can seat a thousand people.

We have mapped out plans for their utilization.

It pictures the life of overseas Chinese students.

He hurriedly penciled the time on it.

By noon he had bagged three hares.

The machine bottles15000 jars of cold cream a day.

The money was all pocketed by corrupt officials.

He hammered a nail into the wall.

有些表示身体部位的名词也可以用来做动词。

Hand

in you exercise- books

，

please.

We

’

ll

back

you up. We should dare to

face

any difficulty and danger.

Who

headed

the delegation.

。

We

’

ll

headed

for

Yunnan tomorrow.

We should

shoulder

these responsibilities.

（肩负）

She

fingered

the silk gently.

（抚摩）

Soon the seedings shot up and began to

ear.

（抽穗）

I

’

m never interested in

nosing out

the details of someone else

’

s

private life.

（探听）

They

eyed

him with suspicion.

（注视）

一些表示一类人的名词也可用做动词：

If so

，

we shall be badly

fooled.

（

上当）

He insisted on staying up to

nurse

the child.

（护理）

We were

hosted

by members of the embassy.

（款待）

Our aim is to save the patient and not to

doctor

him to death.

（医治）

The equipment was

manned

by three workers per shift.

（操作）

He has

soldiered

in France in his youth.

（当兵）

The army was

officered

by brave men.

（担任军官）

He

fathered

many inventions.

（有过）

一些表示其他实物的名词也可用做动词：

Each apartment can

house

a family of six.

（居住）

I hope we can

room

together.

（住）

This helped to

bridge

over our difficulties.

（度过）

They

flowered

well but bore little fruit.

（开花）

He

floored

the room.

（装地板）

He

manured

the soil before sowing.

（施底肥）

An aeroplane was used to

dust

insecticide.

（喷洒）

We decided to

dam

the river.

（筑河坝）

He is busy

oiling

the bicycle.

（上油）

He

wolfed

down three great bowls of rice.

（狼吞虎咽）

The pill is

coated

with sugar.

（包有糖衣）

Exec utives

，

workers and technicians

team

up.

（组织在一起）

此外，还有一些抽象名词等也可以用做动词：

Where do swallows

winter

？（过冬）

We

summered

by Lake Geneva.

（度夏）

For six days and nights they

battled

to save his life.

（苦战）

Through my childhood

，

I had

hungered

for education.

（盼望）

This so

angered

us that we beat him up.

（使气愤）

The attack must be properly

timed

.

（选择时间）

The actual labor force

numbered

12000.

（计数有）

They

breakfasted

（

lunch ed

）

at the guesthouse.

（吃早饭）

Over 1000 students

stormed

into the Senate building.

（冲进）

③

有不少形容词也可以用做动词：

The train

slowed

down to half its speed.

（减慢一半）

This is the chief way of

narrowing

the differences between them.

（缩小）

Please

warm

up the dish over the stove.

（热一下）

The room gradually

quieted

down.

（安静下来）

They periodically

thinned

out leaves.

（打掉）

Wrongs must be

righted

when they are discovered.

（纠正）

Nothing

dries

sooner than a tear.

（干）

。

Shelly was unable to

calm

her.

The results

humbled

him.

（失体面）

Don

’

t

idle away

your time.

（白白混掉）

They

braved

the bitter cold to complete the railway.

（不顾）

２

Most of these rivers

empty into

the Pacific Ocean.

（流入）

He adjusted the lathe and

readied

the cutting tool.

（准备好）

She

busied

herself with household work.

Don

’

t

dirty

your clothes.

They finally

freed

themselves from slavery.

Only thus can we

better

the life of the people.

He felt himself

wron ged

.

（受了委屈）

His hair is beginning to

grey.

The newspaper had been

yellowed

by sunlight.

He

lowered

his voice.

另外有个别其他词类的词可用做动词：

This helped to

further their

unity.

（促进

adv--- v

）

Truth will

out

.

（大白

ad v---v

）

3000 workers there

downed

tools.

（放下工具罢工

adv--- v

）

Please

forward

the letter to my new address.

（转寄

adv--- v

）

She will

off

and do her own things.

（走掉

adv--- v

）

I

second

the motion.

（同意

num--- v

）

④

有不少形容词可用做名词：

Nobles

constituted seven per cent of the population.

（贵族）

He

didn

’

t

want to disturb the

quiet

needed by the patients.

（安静环境）

He

’

s

a

dear.

When is your French

oral

？

（口语课）

Their jobless

total

（总数）

reached a record

high

（高峰）

since 1940.

There is only one

black

in my class.

She is investigating the

anc ients

’

conception of the universe.

（古人）

He is a

natural

for the job.

（天生适合

……

的人）

It is necessary to make a distinction between

right

and

wrong.

They are running in the

final

.

Our

six- year- old

is

at school.

In short

，

for short

，

in general

，

for free

，

in red

，

in public

，

in common

，

in particular

等

.

⑤

此外，还有个别其他转化的情况：

This is a

repeat

performance of their old policy.

（故伎重演）

They held a

fancy

dress ball.

（化装）

We began to march north.

His arguments contains too many

ifs

and

buts

.

This book is a

must

for students of electronics.

（必读书）

Have you considered the

why

and

how

of the plan

？

Have you had a

medical

yet

？（检查身体）

⑥

有一些词可以词形不变用作另一词类，但是重音发生变化

.

Digest

export

import

increase

permit

present

progress

produce

record

refuse

suspect transport perfect content desert transport

等

⑦

另外有些词通过改变词尾的清浊音 来改变词类，有的拼写无变化，有的拼写发

生改变：

use---use

excuse ---excuse

house---house

mouth---mouth

practice---practise

advice

—

advise

belief

—

believe

grief---grieve

half---halves

relief

—

relieve

thief-----theft---thieve

receipt

—

receive

weight

—

weigh

half

—

halve

complaint

—

complain

还有一些词转化为另一词时元音或拼法也发生了变化：

bath---bathe

breath---breathe

blood---bleed

food

—

feed

gold

—

gild

proof---prove

３

speech

—

speak

tale

—

tell

sale

—

sell

lose---loss

fill

—

full

choose---choice

2

、

派生构词法：派生构词法主要是有词根加后缀构成。

①

构成名词的后缀常用的有下面这些：

-er

加在动词后表示人：

adviser

announcer

thinker

admirer

baker

barber

founder

learner

player

babysitter

eye-opener

speaker

employer

trainer

peace- lover

deer-hunter

wood-cutter

landowner

moneylender

onlooker

miner

passer-by

supporter

bread-winner

labourer

designer

school-leaver

lawyer manager(

经理

) passenger (

旅客

)

beg gar

加在动词后表示工具或物品：

air-conditioner

can-opener cooker

harvester

eraser

drawer

duster

recorder

telephone-receiver

timer

counter

pain-killer

best

seller

container

best-seller

heater(

加热器

)

poster roller

reminder

加在名词形容词后表示人：

villager

banker

farmer

Londoner

New

Zealander

owner

stranger

foreigner

southerner

teenager

photographer

outsider

islander

miller

gardener,

messenger

-or

actor

sailor

transistor

semi-conductor

inventor

governor

operator

editor

visitor

elevator

calculator

professor

director

collector

competitor

inspector

navigator

-ar

beggar, liar, scholar, burglar

-ist

Marxist

artist

pianist

socialist

communist

capitalist

dentist

scientist

tourist

typist

specialist

专家

novelist

tourist

-ee

employee

trainee

trustee< /p>

（理事）

addressee

（收件人）

referee

（裁判）

interviewee

appointee

（被任命人）

-eer

pioneer

engineer

profiteer

（投机商）

mountaineer volunteer

-ess

hostess

actress

waitress

lioness

tigress

princess

goddess

empress

heiress

mistress

poetess

priestess

shepherdess

fairness

-ian

magician

musician

technician

physician

politician

librarian

comedian,

pedestrian

-ier

cashier

soldier

financier

premier

-ary

revolutionary, secretary

-ese

Chinese

Japanese

Portuguese

Pekinese

-ant

dependant

inhabitant

contestant

atten dant

（服务员）

servant,

immigrant,

inhabitant, assistant, descendant

-ent

agent, president, resident, student, correspondent

-man

sportsman

seaman

fireman

salesman

spokesman

statesman

fisherman

countryman

postman

-ism

socialism

Marxism

racism

heroism

optimism

-ness

illness

sickness

happiness

greatness

coldness

kindness

goodness

darkness

sadness

bitterness

carelessness

loneliness

-

（