-
十四、文章结构题
一、篇章结构题
(2018·“六校联盟”第三次联考
)
Careers in zoology are extremely varied
and unique
，
and can provide
incredible
learning
and
work
opportunities
for
anyone
devoted
to
animal
studies
and
y
，
or the study of
animals
，
is a wide field with
many specialties
，
including r
esearch
，
conservation
< br>，
veterinary(
兽医的
) medicine
，
and the care of
people with a love of animals and some
training
，
dreams of careers
in
zoology may come true.
Some careers in zoology focus on
research and scientific careers
may
allow
those
with
a
good
theoretical
science
background
to
develop
and
run
studies
that improve human
understanding of the animal ch in zoology can help
create safer
and
more effective products
for
animals
or can teach humans
more about
animal behavior in order to
aid in conservation
，
breeding
programs
，
and habitat
preservation.
Careers in
zoology that focus on conservation attach great
importance to the
continued
survival
and
increased
protection
of
animal
vationists
may
work
with political groups
or governments to help make laws to protect and
preserve
animals
，
or
may
work
in
the
field
gathering
information
on
potential
threats
to
the
health
of
global
conservationists
work
in
educational
fields
，
trying
to improve human efforts to save
animals from extinction.
Animals are
subject to illness and
injury
，
and some careers in
zoology help to
create
a
safe
，
stable
animal
nary
medicine
is
an
important
specialty
field
，
and may
take several years of intensive training to
qualify as a certified
many
veterinarians
focus
on
the
small-
animal
practice
of
domestic
pets
，
vets in
rural areas often work with large farm animals and
more adventurous
veterinarians may work
with exotic species in zoos and wildlife
preserves.
Humans
love
to
observe
animals
，
and
modern-day
zoos
and
wildlife
preserves
help
meet
that
interest
while
providing
facilities
to
assist
with
conservation
y careers in
zoos can range from overseeing breeding
programs
，
to
creating
the
proper
diet
for
a
deer
，or
to
cleaning
the
tiger’s
volunteer
and entry-level
jobs are available for people that love animals.
语篇解读
文章介绍了动物学相关职业
的多样性，并就四种相关的职业进行了具体讲解。
is
the purpose of researching on animals in zoology?
help governments make laws.
improve researchers’ scientific
knowledge.
create safe and
effective products for humans.
educate
people to protect animals.
答案
D
解析
细节理解题。根据第二段末句“Research
in
zoology
can
help
create
safer
and
more
effective
products
for
animals
or
can
teach
humans
more
about
animal
behavior
in
order
to aid in
conservation
，
breeding
programs
，and habitat preservation.”可知，动
物
学研究动物的目的是教育人们保护动物。故选
D
。
can careers in
zoology that focus on veterinary medicine help?
understand animals.
t
animals’ health.
the
animals’ cages.
se the
number of animals.
答案
B
解析
推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“Animals
are
subject
to
illness
and
injury，
and
some
careers in zoology help to create a
safe
，
stable animal nary
medicine is an important specialty fiel
d...”可知，动物易得疾病且易受伤害，动物学
方面的某些职业如兽医学有助于创造
一个安全、稳定的动物种群。由此可知，
B
项描述正确，
故选
B
。
3
.
Which of the
following shows the structure of the whole
passage?
(P1
＝
Paragraph
1
；
P2
＝
Paragraph
2
；
P3
＝
Paragraph
3<
/p>
；
P4
＝
Par
agraph
4
；
P5
＝
Paragraph
5)
答案
A
解析
篇
章结构题。第一段介绍了动物学方面的职业是多样而独特的，是总述。第二段从研
究方面
介绍；第三段介绍了自然保护的动物学工作；第四段是兽医学可以保护动物健康的介
绍；
第五段讲述了现代的动物园和野生动物保护区既有助于满足人们的兴趣，又提供了一些
设
施来帮助保护动物。
后边四个段落从不同角度对第一段进行分述，
A
项图例符合文章结构。
故选
A
。
does the passage
mainly present?
eers’ passion for
zoology.
B.A new idea of
careers in zoology.
ent types of
careers in zoology.
ive measures of
animal protection.
答案
C
解析
主
旨大意题。文章介绍了动物学的相关职业是非常多样和独特的，并就四种职业进行
了讲解
。故选
C
。
二、写作手法题
There
are
many
places
to
go
on
safari(
观赏野生动物
)
in
Africa
，
but
riding
a
horse
th
rough the flooded waters
of Botswana’s Okavango Delta must rank as one of
the
world’s most exciting wildlife
journeys.
Several safari
camps operate as the base for this
adventure
，
providing unique
rides twice a day to explore deep into
the camps have excellent
horses
，
professional
guides
and
lots
of
support
have
a
reputation
for
providing
a
great riding experience.
The morning
ride
，
when the guides take
you to beautiful
，
shallow
lakes full of
water
lilies
，
tends
to
be
more
is
unlike
any
other
riding
rainbows forming in the
splashing water around you and the sound of huge
drops of
water bouncing off your body
and face
，
it is truly are
very likely to
come across large wild
animals
，
horseback it is
possible to get quite close
to
elephants
，
giraffes and many
other sense of excitement and tension
levels rise suddenly
though
，
as does your heart
rate
，
as you move closer to
them.
In
the
evening
，
rides
are
usually
at
a
more
relaxed
and
unhurried
pace
，
with
golden
light streaming
across the grassy delta and the animals coming out
to eat and
though
they
are
，
rides
at
this
time
of
day
are
still
very
the
sun’s
rays
pass
through
the
dust
kicked
up
by
the
horses，
the
romance
of
Africa
comes to life.
Back at the
camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy
excellent food and
g
back
on
your
day
，
you
will
find
it
hard
to
deny
that
a
horseback
safari
is as close as you
will ever come to answering the call of the wild.
The
author
introduces
the
riding
experience
in
the
Okavango
Delta
mainly
by
.
ing space order
ing time
order
classifications
examples
答案
B
解析
写作手法题。整篇文章是根据在
非洲观赏野生动物的时间顺序组织的。
一、题型解读
近几年天津卷均未对篇
章结构题这一考点进行考查，但近几年地方卷偶有涉及。此类题目能
全面地、
深层次地考查考生的阅读理解能力，
为防止
201
9
年高考爆冷，
仅编写此考点，
供学<
/p>
有余力的考生选用。
二、解题技巧——把脉络看结构
篇章
结构题主要是针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的展开层次所设置的问题。高考对文
章
结构的考查主要涉及两个层次：一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构；二是按写作手法
(
论证方法
)
理解文章的结构。设问形
式常有：
(1)Which of the
following shows the development of ideas in this
passage?
(2)Which of the following
shows the organization/structure of the (whole)
passage?
因此这类题的解题方法也分为两种，如下图所示：
注意：
1
.
文章的段落组织通常采用“总—分；分—总；总—分—总”的框架。
< br>
2.
内容的展开则常用以下手法：
时间顺序：按时间先后顺序说明某一事物的发展情况。
空间顺序：按照事物的空间结构顺序进行描写或说明。
例证关系：所列举的事物用来论证观点，通常是数据、事例等。
对比或类比关系：这类文章通常以对比各事物之间的共同点或差异为主。
例如：
【感悟体会】
一中第
3
题，通读全文，把握各段大意可知
：第一段介绍了动物学方面
的职业是多样而独特的，是总述。第二段从研究方面介绍；第
三段介绍了自然保护的动物学
工作；第四段是兽医学可以保护动物健康的介绍；第五段讲
述了现代的动物园和野生动物保
护区既有助于满足人们的兴趣，
又提供了一些设施来帮助保护动物。
分析每一段的关系发现：
后
面四个段落从不同的角度对第一段进行了分述，所以这篇文章是“总—分”结构，
A
项图
例符合文章结构。故选
A
。
【感悟体会】二中，通读全文发现文章中出现很
多线索词，如
The morning
ride
，
In the
evening
，
Back at
the camp
，可知文章是根据时间顺序来介绍骑马观赏野生动物的。故选
B
项。
A
During
the
high
school
career
，
students
may
begin
to
question
the
importance
of
a
college might find themselves
asking
，“Why is it important to go
to
college
？”
The
answer
is
that
，
more
than
ever
，
college
graduates
enjoy
much
greater
opportunities
available
to
them
than
those
who
have
not
received
a
college
education.
For
many
high
school
students
，
being
able
to
immediately
generate
an
income
after
graduation is an appealing may also be
affected by the rising cost of
tuition
，
and
while
it
is
true
that
a
higher
education
may
be
one
of
the
largest
expenses
you will ever
face
，
the importance of a
college education has become quite evident
in terms of earning potential
with
in today’s economy.
Why should you go to college? One
important answer to this question is more
opposed
to
generations of
the
past
，
high
school graduates
today
are unable to obtain high-paying jobs
that were once been
transformed from
a manufacturing-based economy to an economy based
on knowledge
，
and the
importance of a college education today can be
compared to that of a high
school
education
forty
years
serves
as
the
gateway
to
better
options
and
more
opportunities.
There are
additional reasons as to why it is important to
go to
students experience a post
secondary education
，
they
have the opportunity to read
books and
listen to the lectures of top experts in their
encourages
students
to
think
，
ask
questions
，
and
explore
new
ideas
，
which
allows
for
additional
growth and
development and provides college graduates with
more opportunities in
the job market
over those who have not experienced a higher
education.
The
importance
of
a
college
education
is
also
stressed
because
of
the
opportunity to gain valuable
resources during the more connections
which
are
collected during
your
college
career
，
the
more
options
you
will
have
when
you begin your job
you have
ended your job
search and have
started
your
career
< br>，
however
，
the
importance
of
a
college
education
has
not
been
a
college
degree
often
provides
for
greater
promotion
opportunity.
So
，
why should you
go to college? The reasoning does not begin and
end with the
job
aspect.A
good
education
is
beneficial
from
many
different
viewpoints
，
and
though
the
importance
of
a
college
education
is
quite
evident
for
many
high
school
students
，
what is
often not as clear is how they will pay for that
education.
do some high school
graduates prefer working to college study?
obtain high-paying jobs.
earn money at an early age.
spend less
money on tuition.
adapt to the
knowledge-based society.
答案
B
解析
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“For many high school
stud
ents
，
being
able to
immediately generate an income
after graduation is an appealing thought.”可知，
对许多高中生来说，高中毕业后能立即获得收入是一个吸引人的想法。
author most likely agrees with the
idea that .
much time is spent
on lectures in college study
school
education is a gateway to more opportunities
e graduates gain more chances over
others in job market
D.a college degree
guarantees promotion in American companies
答案
C
解
析
推
理
判
断
题
。
根
据
第
四
段
中
的
< br>“provides
college
graduates
with
more
opportunities
in
the
job
market
over
those
who
have
not
experienced
a
higher
education”可知，大学毕业生在就业
市场上会获得更多的机会。
is most likely
to be talked about in the paragraph after the last
paragraph
of the passage?
ng
college education.
ng college
education.
ing college education.
ing college education.
答案
D
解析
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“what
is
often
not
as
clear
is
how
they
will
pay
for that
education”可推知，下文应该讨论怎样为大学教育付费。
can be the best title for the passage?
ance of College Education
ion Means Opportunity
Is
More Important
，
Job Or
Education?
to Survive in the College
答案
A
解析
标题归纳题。
< br>通读全文并根据各个段落的首句可知，
本文主要讨论大学教育的重要性。
故
A
项作本文标题最佳。
5.
Which of the following
shows the development of ideas in the
passage?
I
：
Introduction
P
：
Point
Sp
：
Sub-
point(
次要点
)
C
：
Conclusion
答案
D
解析
篇章结构题。第一段说明高中生认识到大学教育的重要性；第二段说明高中生面对继
续上大学还是工作的矛盾选择；第三、四、五段说明接受大学教育的重要性；最后一段总结<
/p>
大学教育的好处。
B
(2018·天津部分区县二模
)
Society tells us that we should count
our blessings
，
focus on all
that we have
and
feel
grateful
for
what
we’ve
been
there
is
nothing
wrong
with
“healthy
discontent”.In
fact，
healthy
discontent is
what motivates
us to
improve ourselves
and our t
that feeling that life could be
better
，it’s easier
to stand
still.
I always have a certain level of
discomfort drives me to work
hard
at
my
job.I
don’t
just
want
to
remain
where
I
sionally，
I
want
to
keep
getting se
，
I
always have a certain amount of discontent about
my
drives me to always try to improve
it by making it look better.
My
feelings of discontent about my job and my home
don’t mean that I don’t
appreciate
’s
an
incredible
blessing
to
be
able
to
work
and
be
paid
for
one’s
efforts.
Similarly
，
if you
live in a safe place
，
with
running water
，
heating
，
and air
conditioning
，
you
are incredible are not things to be taken for
r
，
we should be
striving(
力争
) to improve.
If you happen to be good at playing the
piano
，
you should work to
continually
improve
your
same
hold
true
for
our
personal
you
have
areas
in
your personality that need
improvement
，
you should work
on them
，
too.
For
instance
，
I
can
be
very
a
result
，
I
work
hard
to
try
to
conquer
that flaw(
缺点
) by
keeping my impatience to we feel discontent about
ourselves
，
we have
to be honest with ourselves.
It’s
easy
to
make
excuses
for
our
bad
behavior，
but
we
need
to
face
our
discontent
head
on
and
say
to
ourselves
，“I
need
to
work
on
this.”
This
week，
consider
whether
you have a healthy
discontent in your you become so settled in your
life
that you don’t see regular
improvement?
Do
you
have
a
character
flaw
that
you
wish
you
didn’t
have?
Don’t
ignore
these
d
，
take steps to
address your areas of discontent and keep
improving
your life every day.
No
matter
how
great
we
think
things
are
going
，
there’s
always
room
for
improvement.
is stressed in
Paragraph 1?
gratitude for what we
have.
importance of healthy
discontent.
lessons from society.
easiness of standing still.
答案
B
解析
段落大意题。
根据第一段最后两句“In
fact，
healthy
discontent
is
what
motivates
us
to improve ourselves and our t that feeling that
life could
be better
，it’s
easier to stand
still.”可知，第一段强调了健康不满的重要性。
does the author have feelings of discontent about
his job and home?
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