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Text comprehension
I. B II.
1. T; 2. F; 3. T; 4. T; 5. T.
III.
1.
“snail mail”.
2.
“an essential stepping stone on the road to
success”.
3. “the profound
relationship between language and culture that
lies at the heart of society”.
4. “the means to shape our views of the
world”.
5. “to negotiate the
boundaries between languages and to compromise in
translation”.
6. “to use
linguistic skills, to think differently, to enter
into another culture’s mentality and to
shape language accordingly”.
IV.
1. with
convenient ways to reach any part of the world.
2. It seems that everyone is able to
always get in touch with anyone else if he or she
can afford to.
3. is the most important
to society.
4. a fundamental skill in
today’s world, where different c
ultures
interact.
5. are finding ways to
interrelate different cultures.
Structural analysis of the text
1. The last sentence of the 3rd
paragraph: “Most fundamental is the profound
relationship between
language and
culture that lies at the heart of
soci
ety and one that we overlook at our
peril.”
2. Paragraph 4: The
lack of an exact counterpart of the English word
“homesickness” in other
languages such
as Italian, Portuguese, and German.
Paragraph 5: The problem of
untranslatability which the early Bible
translators encountered.
Paragraph 6:
English and Welsh speakers make adjustments
regarding the color spectrum in the
grey / green / blue / brown range; The
word “democracy” means completely different things
in
different contexts; the flat breads
of Centra
l Asia are a long way away
from Mother’s Pride white
sliced
toasties, yet the word “bread” has to serve for
both.
Part One.
Vocabulary Analysis
I. Phrase practice
1. provided =as long as
假如，倘若
need never be out of touch =can never
fail to be reached
从不会失去联系
2. regardless of =no
matter
不管，不顾
3. overlook at our peril =fail to
notice at great risk
忽视
……
的危险或风险
4. hovers somewhere in and around all
those words =may be described by these words to
varying
degrees
5. hit the problem of untranslatability
head-on = were directly confronted with the
problem that
something in one language
cannot be rendered into another
II.
1. stepping stone; 2. at
their peril; 3. serve; 4. mentality; 5. staple; 6.
facilitating; 7. messaging; 8.
hybrid.
III. Word derivation
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate
forms of the given words.
1. The
country is trying to move from a centrally planned
economy (economic) to one basically
geared to the needs of the market.
2. There are no good roads in the area,
so most of the ranches are only accessible
(access) by jeep
or other off-road
vehicles.
3. The two approaches are so
fundamentally (fundamental) different that it is
surprising that they
have both been
successful.
4. They spent much time
comforting the homesick (homesickness) children at
the beginning of the
summer camp.
5. We are looking for an experienced
journalist to join the news teams. The salary is
negotiable
(negotiate).
6.
The amount of any of these ingredients can be
adjusted (adjustment) according to your taste.
7. The remoteness (remote) of the house
was the only thing that made them hesitate about
buying
it.
8. He parked the
car and smiled at her, complacently (complacent)
assuming he had passed the
test.
1. economic a.
经济学的；经济的；有利可图的
economical a.
节俭的；经济的，合算的
economics n.
经济学
economist
n.
经济学家
economy
n.
节约；经济
2. access n.
通道，入口
accessible a.
可得到的；易接近的，可进入的
accessibility n.
可以得到；易接近
3. fundamental a.
基本的，根本的；重要的
fundamentalism n.
原教旨主义
fundamentalist n.
信奉正统派基督教的人
fundamentally ad.
从根本上；基本地
4. homesick a.
想家的
homesickness n.
乡愁，思乡病
5. negotiate v.
谈判，协商，交涉
negotiable a.
可磋商的，可协商的
negotiation n.
谈判，协商
negotiator n.
磋商者，交涉者
6. adjust v.
调整，调节；使适应
adjustable a.
可调整的
adjustment n.
调整
7. remote a.
偏僻的，遥远的，远程的
remoteness n.
远离，远隔，偏僻
8. complacent a.
满足的，自满的，得意的
complacently ad.
满足地，自满地，沾沾自喜地
complacency n.
自满，沾沾自喜
IV.
1. D; 2.
C; 3. A; 4. D; 5. B; 6. A; 7. B; 8. C.
V. Synonym / Antonym
Give a synonym or an antonym of the
word underlined in each sentence in the sense it
is used.
1. We live in an age of easy
access to the rest of the world.
Synonym: time, era, epoch
2. Conferences and business meetings
around the globe are held in English, regardless
of whether
anyone present is a native
English speaker.
Synonym: meetings
3. English has simply
become the language that facilitates
communication, and for many people
learning English is an essential
stepping stone on the road to success.
Synonym: basic, fundamental
4. Different cultures are not simply
groups of people who label the world differently;
languages
give us the means to shape
our views of the world and languages are different
from one another.
Antonym: misshape
5. Inevitably, the spread
of English means that millions of people are
adding another language to
their own
and are learning how to negotiate cultural and
linguistic differences.
Synonym:
unavoidably
6. Why does
the rise of English as a global language cause
feelings of uneasiness for some of us?
Synonym: worry, concern, anxiety
7. But even as more people
become multilingual, so native English speakers
are losing out, for
they are becoming
ever more monolingual, and hence increasingly
unaware of the differences
between
cultures that languages reveal.
Antonym: hide, conceal
4
Prefix
Write in each space one word
that has the same prefix as underlined in the
given word.
1. unreliable
unbelievable
2.
impatient imperfect
3. disapproval disagreement
4. mistake misplace
5. maltreat malfunction
enable
7. surmount surpass
inate submarine
1. Explanation:
un- :
not or the opposite of
e.g.
unable, unhappy, unknown
2. Explanation:
in- / il- /
im- / ir- : not or the opposite of
e.g. impolite, infinite, illogical, irrelevance
3. Explanation:
dis- : not or the opposite of
e.g. dishonest, disadvantage,
disappear
4. Explanation:
mis- : bad or wrong
e.g. misinterpret, misbehavior, mischance,
misconceive
5.
Explanation:
mal- : bad or not
correct
e.g. malpractice,
malodorous, malformation
6. Explanation:
en- /
em- : to cause to be; to put into the thing or
condition mentioned
e.g.
encase, empower, enlarge, embolden, enchant
7. Explanation:
sur- : beyond
e.g. surcharge, surplus, surprise, surmise
8. Explanation:
sub- : less than; under or below
e.g. subdivision,
subconscious, subcontinent, subculture