何兆熊-大学英语综合教程2-unit4-答案

何

兆

熊

-

大

学

英

< br>语

综

合

教

程

2-unit4-

答案

Text comprehension

I. B II. 1. T; 2. F; 3. T; 4. T; 5. T.

III.

1.

“snail mail”.

2. “an essential stepping stone on the road to

success”.

3. “the profound relationship between language

and culture that lies at the hear

t of society”.

4. “the means to shape our views of the world”.

5. “to negotiate the boundaries between

languages and to compromise in translation”.

6. “to use linguistic skills, to think differently, to

enter into another culture’s mentality and to

shape l

anguage accordingly”.

IV.

1. with convenient ways to reach any part of the

world.

2. It seems that everyone is able to always get in

touch with anyone else if he or she can afford to.

3. is the most important to society.

4. a fundamental skill in today’s

world, where

different cultures interact.

5. are finding ways to interrelate different

cultures.

Structural analysis of the text

1. The last sentence of the 3rd paragraph: “Most

fundamental is the profound relationship

between language and culture that lies at the

heart of society and one that we overlook at our

peril.”

2. Paragraph 4: The lack of an exact

counterpart of the English word “homesickness”

in other languages such as Italian, Portuguese,

and German.

Paragraph 5: The problem of untranslatability

which the early Bible translators encountered.

Paragraph 6: English and Welsh speakers make

adjustments regarding the color spectrum in the

grey / green / blue / brown range; The word

“democracy” means completely different things

in different contexts; the flat breads of Central

Asia are a long way away from Mother’s Pride

white sliced toasties, yet the word “bread” has to

serve for both.

Part One. Vocabulary Analysis

I. Phrase practice

1. provided =as long as

假如，倘若

need never be out of touch =can never fail to be

reached

从不会失去联系

2. regardless of =no matter

不管，不顾

3. overlook at our peril =fail to notice at great

risk

忽视

的危险或风险

4. hovers somewhere in and around all those

words =may be described by these words

to varying degrees

5. hit the problem of untranslatability head-on =

were directly confronted with the problem that

something in one language cannot be rendered

into another

II.

1. stepping stone; 2. at their peril; 3. serve; 4.

mentality; 5. staple; 6. facilitating; 7. messaging;

8. hybrid.

III. Word derivation

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of

the given words.

1. The country is trying to move from a

centrally planned economy (economic) to one

basically geared to the needs of the market.

2. There are no good roads in the area, so most

of the ranches are only accessible (access) by

jeep or other off-road vehicles.

3. The two approaches are so fundamentally

(fundamental) different that it is surprising that

they have both been successful.

4. They spent much time comforting the

homesick (homesickness) children at the

beginning of the summer camp.

5. We are looking for an experienced journalist

to join the news teams. The salary is negotiable

(negotiate).

6. The amount of any of these ingredients can be

adjusted (adjustment) according to your taste.

7. The remoteness (remote) of the house was the

only thing that made them hesitate about buying

it.

8. He parked the car and smiled at her,

complacently (complacent) assuming he had

passed the test.

1. economic a.

经济学的；经济的；有利可图的

economical a.

节俭的；经济的，合算的

economics n.

经济学

economist n.

经济学家

economy n.

节约；经济

2. access n.

通道，入口

accessible a.

可得到的；易接近的，可进入的

accessibility n.

可以得到；易接近

3. fundamental a.

基本的，根本的；重要的

fundamentalism n.

原教旨主义

fundamentalist n.

信奉正统派基督教的人

fundamentally ad.

从根本上；基本地

4. homesick a.

想家的

homesickness n.

乡愁，思乡病

5. negotiate v.

谈判，协商，交涉

negotiable a.

可磋商的，可协商的

negotiation n.

谈判，协商

negotiator n.

磋商者，交涉者

6. adjust v.

调整，调节；使适应

adjustable a.

可调整的

adjustment n.

调整

7. remote a.

偏僻的，遥远的，远程的

remoteness n.

远离，远隔，偏僻

8. complacent a.

满足的，自满的，得意的

complacently ad.

满足地，

自满地，

沾沾自喜地

complacency n.

自满，沾沾自喜

IV.

1. D; 2. C; 3. A; 4. D; 5. B; 6. A; 7. B; 8. C.

V. Synonym / Antonym

Give a synonym or an antonym of the word

underlined in each sentence in the sense it is

used.

1. We live in an age of easy access to the rest of

the world.

Synonym: time, era, epoch

2. Conferences and business meetings around

the globe are held in English, regardless of

whether anyone present is a native English

speaker.

Synonym: meetings

3. English has simply become the language that

facilitates communication, and for many people

learning English is an essential stepping stone on

the road to success.

Synonym: basic, fundamental

4. Different cultures are not simply groups of

people who label the world differently;

languages give us the means to shape our views

of the world and languages are different from

one another.

Antonym: misshape

5. Inevitably, the spread of English means that

millions of people are adding another language

to their own and are learning how to negotiate

cultural and linguistic differences.

Synonym: unavoidably

6. Why does the rise of English as a global

language cause feelings of uneasiness for some of

us?

Synonym: worry, concern, anxiety

7. But even as more people become multilingual,

so native English speakers are losing out, for

they are becoming ever more monolingual, and

hence increasingly unaware of the differences

between cultures that languages reveal.

Antonym: hide, conceal

4 Prefix

Write in each space one word that has the same

prefix as underlined in the given word.

1. unreliable unbelievable

2. impatient imperfect

3. disapproval disagreement

4. mistake misplace

5. maltreat malfunction

enable

7. surmount surpass

inate submarine

1. Explanation:

un- : not or the opposite of

e.g. unable, unhappy, unknown

2. Explanation:

in- / il- / im- / ir- : not or the opposite of

e.g. impolite, infinite, illogical, irrelevance

3. Explanation:

dis- : not or the opposite of

e.g. dishonest, disadvantage, disappear

4. Explanation:

mis- : bad or wrong

e.g. misinterpret, misbehavior, mischance,

misconceive

5. Explanation:

mal- : bad or not correct

e.g. malpractice, malodorous,

malformation

6. Explanation:

en- / em- : to cause to be; to put into the thing

or condition mentioned

e.g. encase, empower, enlarge, embolden,

enchant

7. Explanation:

sur- : beyond

e.g. surcharge, surplus, surprise, surmise

8. Explanation:

sub- : less than; under or below

e.g. subdivision, subconscious,

subcontinent, subculture

Part Two. Grammar Exercises

1. the simple present and the present

progressive

Simple present is used for activities that are

long- lasting habits.

Present progressive is used for activities that

occur at the moment of speaking activities.

The present continuous with words such as

“always” or “constantly” expresses the idea that

something irritating or shocking often happens.

e. g. She is always coming to class late.

He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut

up.

Speakers use the present continuous to indicate

that something will or will not happen in the

near future.

e. g. I am not going to the party tonight.

Is he visiting his parents next weekend?

I. Complete the following sentences with the

correct verb forms.

1. She’s a dietician —

she __helps__ (help)

people to choose the right food.

2. hope; are enjoying; sunbathe; go; are going.

3. is being.

4. The professor ____is typing____ (type) his

own letters while his secretary is ill.

5. am not eating.