-
常见时态的用法
一
、一般现在时
：
1.
表示习惯性或经常
性的
动作或状态，常与
usually,
often,
sometimes,
确
always, seldom, every day
(year,
morning…)
等表示频率的时间状语连用。
He often does his homework in his
study.
I usually get up at six in
the morning.
2.
表示客观规律、正确事实或科学真理等。
Knowledge comes only from practice.
※
Columbus proved that the earth is
round.
3.
在连词
when, while, before,
after, until, till,
once,
if, unless, as soon as, as long as, by the
time, in case, even if, the
moment/ minute
/instant, the day/ year,
immediately
等引导的时
间（条件、让步）状语从句中，常用一般现在
时表将来。
When Bill
comes (will come
×
), ask him
to wait for me.
The monkey
jumped off the tree, picked up a big
stone and threw it at us.
2
）用于以下固定句型中：
It is (high/ about) time that sb. did
sth.
早该做
...
Would/ had rather sb. did sth.
宁愿某人去做
…
3
）
wish, wonder,
think, hope, know
等用过去时，
表示的动作
都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
Oh,
it
’
s you. I
didn
’
t know you were here
too.
三、
一般将来时
：
表示将要发生的动作或存在
的状态，
常与
soon, tomorrow
(
morning…), next
week
(year…), some day, from now
on, the day
after tomorrow, in the futu
re
等表将来的时间状
语连用。有几种构成方式：
1.
Be going
to +
动词原形
①表示计划、决
心，说话前已打算要做的事情。
<
/p>
②说话人根据已有的迹象或经验判断认为将
要发生的事情。
I’m going to buy a new car if
I have a lot of money.
We’ll
go out for a walk as soon as the rain
stops.
Look! Dark clouds are
gathering. It is going to rain.
Even if
it rains tomorrow, the sports meeting will
take place.
2.
shall/will
+
动词原形
①单纯表将来
②表
4. come, go, arrive,
leave, start, begin, return
等
说话时才想到的意愿或决心。
Eg: Jack is
ill in hospital.
动词可以用来表示按照计划、安排将要发生、
---- Oh
really? I _____. I_____ to see him.
且不轻
易改变的动作（有特定的时间状语）
。
.
The flight takes off at ten
o’clock
.
A. didn’t know;
will go
School begins on
September 1
st
.
B.
don’t know; am going
C.
haven’t known; will go
※
Could you tell
me when he ____ back?
----
When he ____ back, I’ll
let you know.
D. didn’t
know; am going
A.
comes;
comes
B.
will
come;
comes
be
+
to
do
①按照计划、安排将要做的事
3.
C. will come; will come
D. comes; will come
情。
②
（上级对下级、
父母对子女）
下达命令，
5
．试比较：
意思是“应该?”
③表命中注定将要发生的
Now I put the
sugar in the cup.
事情。
I am doing my homework now.
We are to discuss the report next
Saturday.
You are to finish the work before five
this afternoon.
第一句用一般现在时，
用于
操作演示或指导说
The little boy is to become a
VIP.
明的示范动作；第二句
now
是进行时的标志，
表示正在进行的动作。
4.
be
about
to
+
动词原形或
be
on
the
point
of
doing
表
示
即
将
或
正
要
去
做
….
不
与
二、一般过去时
：
1
）表示在确定的过去时间
tomorrow, next we
ek
等具体的时间状语连用，
里发生的动作或存在的状态，
常与
yesterday, in
但可和
when
从句连用。
1998, two years ago, last month, the
day before
I am about to do (=am on the
point of doing) my
homework.
yesterday, the other day,
when
从句等连用
.
The
Red Army came into being in 1927.
5.
be
+
doing
表示按计划安排即将发生的动
A
robber
broke
into
the
bank
and
robbed
the
作，常用于
come, go, start, set
out, leave, reach,
bank of a lot of
money last night.
return, move, take
off, arrive
等
一般过去时还可表示过去发生的一连串动作。
Are you staying here till next week?
1
四、过去将来时
：
would do;
was / were going
有：
already, never, ever,
just, before, lately, yet,
to do; (was
/were to do;
was /were
about to do;
recently, so
far, up to the present, up till now, in
was
/were
doing;
was
/
were
on
the
point
of
the past/ last few years,
since
，
“
for+
段时间”
等
.
Have you had
your supper yet?
doing)
一般不能单独使用，
常用在宾语从句和
间接引
语之中，表示从过去的角度看，将要发
---- Yes,
I have just had it. (
吃过了饭，
所以
现在
生
的
行
为
或
存
在
的
状
态
。
不饿
)
They said that they would
call on me sooner or later.
I have lived
here in Yiyang since I was born.
Tom
asked
me
if
I
was
going
to
call
on
my
(
动
作
持
续
到
现
在
)
English
teacher.
◎
has been to
去过
…
（已经回来）
I
was
on
the
point
of
phoning
you
when
your
My sister has been to
the USA once (but she is
phone arrived.
back now).
◎
has gone to
去
…
了（已
去未归）
My
sister
has
gone
to
the
USA
(and
she
isn’t
五、现在进行时
：
be (am ,
is , are) + doing
here now).
①
表示现在<
/p>
(
说话时刻
)
正
在进行或发生的动作；
Look! The monkey
is climbing the banana tree.
※当先行词前有最高级
或序数词修饰时，
定语
②也可表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作
，
说
从句中一般用现在完成时。
This is the most interesting story I
have ever read.
话时未必动作正在进行
;
What are you doing these days?
This is the third time I
have been here.
Mr. Green is writing
another novel.
※
句中如果有过去的时间副词
（如：
yeaterday,
③一些位移动词可用现在进行时表将来。
last week, in 1990
）
，要用一般过去时，不能用
He
is
coming
to
see
you
next
week.
现在完成时。
※
进行时与某
些副词（
always,
constantly,
Tom wrote a
letter to his parents last night.
(
√
)
Tom has
written a letter to his parents last night.
(×
)
continually, forever
）连用，可表赞叹或厌恶等
情感。
You
are always thinking of others.
※现在完成时中，终止性动词不能与
for,
He is constantly changing his mind.
since
等延续性状语连用，必须改为相应的延
续性动词。
Die----be dead
join----be in
fall
ill----be
ill
finish----be
over
六、过去进行时
：
was /were
doing
leave/go
----be
away
begin----be
on
表示过去某个时刻或一段时间正在进行的动
become
----be
buy
----get/have
作，这一特定的过去时间，除了上下文暗示以
外，
一般和时间状语连用。
常用的时间状语有：
marry----be
married
(to)
borrow----
keep
this
morning,
the
whole
morning,
all
day
arrive/reach/get to----be in/at/ stay
yesterday, from
nine to ten last night, at this time
eg: He has joined the Party for 5
years. (×
)
yesterday,
when,
while
等
。
He has been a
Party member for 5 years. (
√
)
What
were
you
doing
at
this
time
yesterday?
(
√
)
He
has been in the Party for 5 years.
I
was reading a newspaper when he knocked at the
door.
You look unhappy.
What
’
s the matter with you?
八、现在完成进行时
have/has been doing
---- Nothing much. I was missing my
parents.
表示动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在，甚至
Eg: I
don’t think Tom saw us; he ____ into
space.
将来；也可能动作刚结束。
A.
just stared
B. was just staring
He has been lying in bed
for two weeks. (
现在还
C. has
just stared
D. had just
stared
躺着
)
Where
have
you
been?
I
have
been
looking
for
七、现在完成时
have / has + done
you everywhere.
(
动作刚结束，已不在寻找
)
①表示
过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现
某些动词如：
work,
live, study,
teach
等用于现
在造成影响或结果
②表示动作或状态过去
在完成进行时和现在完成时意义区别不大。
I
have been working / worked here for 5 years.
已经开始，一直持续到现在。常用的时间状语
2
A. has joined
B. joins
九、过去完成时
had done
C.
had joined
D.
joined
①表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成
2.
The
wet
weather
will
continue
tomorrow,
的动作或状态
,
这个时间可用短语或从句来表
示，也可由上下文来暗示
when a cold front ______ to
arrive.
（全国
I
卷）
He had studied here for 3 years before
he went to
A. is expected
B. is expecting
Europe.
C. expects
D. will be
expected
3.
-----Did
you
watch
the
basketball
match
②
一些表希望、打算的词，如：
hope,
want,
yesterday?
expect, think, mean, suppose, plan, int
end
等，
常
-----Yes, I
did. You know, my brother ________
用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望打算。
I
had expected to come and help you last night,
in the match.
（安徽卷）
but I was
too busy.
A. is playing
B. was playing
C. has played
D. had played
③过去完成时还可用于虚拟语气
中，
表示与过
4. I like these
English songs and they ____many
去事实相反的一种假设
I
wish
I
had
worked
harder
in
those
days!
times on the radio.
（安徽卷）
If
you
had
come
5
minutes
earlier,
you
would
A. taught
B. have taught
have caught the first bus.
C. are taught
D. have been
taught
5.
So
far
this
year
we
______
a
fall
in
house
④用于固定句型
Hardly/
Scarcely…when…
;
No
sooner…than…
中
,
表“一??就??”
prices
by between 5 and 10 percent.
（福建卷）
Hardly had
I arrived home when it began to rain
A. saw
B. see
C. had seen
D.
have seen
hard.
(=
I
had
hardly
arrived
home
when….)
6.
I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening,
No sooner had
he got better than he fell ill again.
but I couldn’t get through. Her brother
_____ on
(= He had no sooner got better
than …)
the phone all the
time!
（湖南卷）
A.
was talking
B. has been talking
C.
has talked
D. talked
几种常用时态之间的比较
7.
—
Do you have any problems
if you ______
1. He lives in Beijing. <
/p>
他住在北京。
（长期性，
永久性）
this job?
（湖南卷）
—
Well, I’m
thinking about the salary….
He
is
living
in
Beijing.
他现住北京。
（临时
A. offer
B. will offer
性，短暂性）
2.
Alice
wrote
a
letter
to
her
friend
last
night.
C. are offered
D. will be
offered
8.
—I’m sure Andrew
will win the first prize in
（写了一封信，过去式表动作已完成）
Alice was writing a letter to her
friend last night.
the
final.
（江苏卷）
—
I think so. He ______ for
it for months.
（只强调当时在写，不强调是否写完）
A. is preparing
B.
was preparing
3
．
He has lived
here for five years.
（现完表示
C.
had been preparing
D. has
been preparing
动作延续到现在，即现在还住这儿。
）
9. By the time he realizes he _
into a trap,
it’ll
He lived here for five
years.
（曾经在这住过五
be
too late for him to do anything about
it.
年，过去式表动作已完成，
即现已不住这。
）
4.
We
have
discussed
the
problem
with
him.
（山东）
A. walks
B. walked
C. has
walked
D.
had walked
（已经和他讨论过了。强调对现在的影响）
We have been discussing the
problem with him
10. --- Do you think
we should accept that offer?
---- Yes, we should, for we
___such bad luck up
all
the
morning.
（一直在讨论，
说话时动作
可能还在延续。
）
till now, and time __ out.
（江西卷）
A. have had; is
running
B. had; is running
1.
—
Have
you
known
Dr.
Jackson
for
a
long
C. have; has been run
D. have had; has been
run
11 We first met on a
train in 2000. We both felt
time?
（全国
I
卷）
—
Yes, since she _____ the
Chinese Society.
immediately that we __
each other for years.
3
A.
knew
B. had known
C. have
known
D. know
（辽宁卷）
12.
—
Have you got any job
offers?
—
No. I
_____.
（辽宁卷）
A.
waited
B. had been waiting
C. have waited
D. am waiting
13. If the
weather had been better, we could have
had a picnic. But it ____ all
day.
(
全国
II)
A. rained
B.
rains C. has rained
D. is
raining
14.
If
their
marketing
plans
succeed,
they
____
their
sales by 20 percent.
(
全国
II)
A. will increase
B. have been increasing
C. have increased
D.
would be increasing
15.
---
–
Did you go to the show
last night?
---
–
Yeah.
Every
boy
and
girl
in
the
area
___
invited.
（陕西卷）
A. were
B. have been
C. has been
D. was
16. The moment I got home, I found I
____ my
jacket on the
playground.
（陕西卷）
A. had left
B. left
C. have left
D. was leaving
17. Though we
don’t know what
was discussed,
yet we can feel the
topic______.
（陕西卷）
A. had changed
B. will change
C. was changed
D. has been changed
18. The telephone _____, but by the
time I got
indoors, it
stopped.
(
四川卷
)
A. had rung
B. was
ringing
C. rings
D. has rung
19
.
I
don’t
believe
you’ve
already
finished
reading the book
—
I ___it to you this
morning!
A.
would lend
B.
was lending
C. had lent
D. lent
（浙江卷）
20.
–
---
What’s that
noise?
（浙江卷）
---Oh, I forgot to tell
you. The new machine __.
A. was tested
B. will be
tested
C. is
being tested
D. has been tested
21.
—
Have you read
book called Waiting for
Anya
?
—
Who _______
it?
（北京卷）
A. writes
B. has written
C. wrote
D. had written
22
.
The
hotel
wasn’t
particular
ly
good.
But
I
____ in many worse hotels.
（北京卷）
A . was
staying
B. stayed
C. would stay
D. had stayed
4
23. No
decision
about
any future appointment
until all the
candidates have been interviewed.
A.
will be made
B. is made
（北京卷）
C. is being made
D.
has been made
24.
He _____
football
regularly
for
many
years
when he was young.
（天津卷）
A. was playing
B. played
C. has played
D. had played
25.
Judy
is
going
to
marry
the
sailor
she
__
in
Rome last
year.
（重庆卷）
A. meets
B.
met
C.
has met
D. would meet
26. He __ as a
national hero for winning the first
gold metal for his country in the
Olympics.
A.
regarded
B. was regarded
（重庆卷）
C. has regarded
D. had been regarded
27.
Teenagers
__
their
health
because
they
play
computer games too much.
（重庆卷）
A. have
damaged
B. are damaging
C. damaged
D. will damage
28. Do you know if Terry will go
camping this
weekend?
(
上海卷
)
Terry? Never! She ___ tents and fresh air!
A. has hated
B. hated
C. will hate
D.
hates
29. In
recent
years
many
football
clubs
___
as
business
to make a profit.
(
上海卷
)
A. have run
B.
have been run
C. had been
run
D. will run
30. Susan decided not to work on the
program at
home
because
she
didn
’
t
want
her
parents
to
know what she ____.
(
（辽宁卷
05
）
A. has done
B.
had done
C. was doing
D. is doing
31.
----Can I join the club, Dad?
----You can when you ____ a
bit older.
A. get
B. will get
C. are getting
D. will have get
3
2. I’m
sorry to
keep you waiting.
----Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a
few minutes.
A.
have been
B. had been
C. was
D. will be
3
3. I don’t really work
h
ere; I____ until the new
secretary arrives.
A.
just
help
out
B.
have
just
helped
out
C. am just helping out
D. will just help out
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