四级阅读理解[3]

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四级阅读理解

[3]

四级阅读理解

[3]

Passage 13

There were several reasons why the Industrial Revolution started in

Great Britain rather than in France, the other great powers of the day. In

the first place, Britain had the money necessary to finance the larger

enterprises. England's supremacy on the seas had encouraged

commerce, and Englishmen had been amassing wealth through there

commerce and industry. The newly rich class in that country were not

the aristocratic group, but merchants and businessmen who were willing

to devote themselves to industry and scientific agriculture. The wealth of

France, on the other hand, was largely in the hands of the nobility, and

they were not willing to do the necessary work to develop industry. In

the second place, Great Britain had undertaken very early the

manufacturing of inexpensive and more practical products for which

there would be ever-growing demand from the people, especially the

new middle class. On the other hard, France produced articles in the

luxury class. These could never be turned out in quantities because they

demanded individuality. England was the producer of goods that were

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produced in quantities, and if she could find a cheaper means of

producing them, her markets would grow. So she was ready for methods

that would make it possible to manufacture in large quantities. In the

third place, for a long time England had large numbers of semiskilled

workers. When the feudal system broke down in England and the manors

were turned to sheep raising, numbers of Englishmen went to the towns.

There they engaged in weaving, making shows, wood carving and many

other occupations that developed skills. When the industrial revolution

began, these men were available for the work on the new machines.

Moreover they were free men who could move from place to place as

the need for workers arose. This had not been the case in France, which

was still chiefly an agricultural country with peasants bound to their

masters in many ways so they could not easily move to the cities. In the

fourth place, coal was abundant in Great Britain, and a large amount of

this cheap fuel was necessary for ruing the factories. There was coal in

northern France, too, but France was late in tapping such resources

because really everyone depended directly or indirectly on farming for

his living.

Britain had the money necessary to develop industry because

_____.[ANSWER]

A)Britain was much wealthier than France at that time

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B)Britain government encouraged the development of industry

C)The merchants and businessmen were willing to fiancee the industry

D)The aristocratic group was willing to develop the industry

According to the passage,French people attached importance to

_____.[ANSWER]

A)the quantities of the articles

B)the individuality of the articles

C)the practicality of the articles

D)the price of the articles

Which of the following statements is true?[ANSWER]

A)The wealth of France was largely in the hands of new middle class.

B)French people were bound to the new machines.

C)France was more likely to produce goods in qualities.

D)France could not get free workers necessary to the industry.

When the industrial revolution began,Englishmen _____.[ANSWER]

A)were busy amassing wealth through commerce and industry

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B)had found a cheaper means of producing goods needed in qualities

C)depended on farming for their living

D)could move from plae to place as the need for workers arose

What can be inferred from the passage?[ANSWER]

A)The demand for luxury goods was limited.

B)Industrial Revolution was the result of the interaction of various

factors.

C)French people farming to industry and commerce.

D)Coal was very important to people's life.

Passage 14

The heritage of English law brought with it the seeds of American

liberty- not the flower and the fruit, which were to be produced after

long labor and painful struggle. Nevertheless, the seeds were there and

they sprouted, took root and have continued to grow. To this extent, the

inheritance was valuable, but it is not to be denied that even though

English law gave us the seeds of liberty, it also imposed upon us a vast

amount of useless lumber that we have not swept away entirely --- after

three hundred years of unceasing effort. Even the system of trial by jury,

in spite of its enormous value, came to us with burdensome, outworn

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ideas and unnecessary precautions, on the one hand, and with no

adequate means of adaptation to changing conditions, on the other. For

one thing, in the early days it was assumed that ignorance of the facts

was a guarantee of a juror's impartiality. At that time, when means of

communication were few and slow, there was something to be said for

the idea; but today, when means of communication were abundant and

almost instantaneous, ignorance of the facts is evidence, not of

impartiality, but of extraordinary stupidity, or of extraordinary

indifference. The rule that a juror must be ignorant of the facts is,

therefore, a rule that operates against, not for the effort to fill the jury

box with honest men of ordinary intelligence. It has become so hopeless,

indeed, that the courts literally ceased long ago trying to enforce it. It is,

nevertheless, still a theoretical part of the system.

The passage is main about _____.[ANSWER]

A)the seeds of American literty

B)the system of trial by jury

C)a theoretical weakness of the jury system

D)the changing conditions in the jury system

The inheritance of English law brought with it _____.[ANSWER]

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A)the seeds of American literty

B)the flower and fruit of American literty

C)some ideas and precautions which were useless

D)both A and C

The assumption that ignorance of the facts was a guarantee of a juror's

impartiality _____.[ANSWER]

A)was reasonable neither in the past nor at present

B)was extraordinary stupid or indifferent

C)is not valid under the changing conditions

D)has been proved reasonable

The rule that a juror must be ignorant of the facts is _____.[ANSWER]

A)no longer a theoretical part of the system

B)no longer strictly enforced

C)against the theoretical basis

D)still strictly enfore

Which of the following statements is true?[ANSWER]

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A)The rules of the trial system should be more flexible to adapt to the

changing conditions.

B)The members of the jury should be of extraordinary intelligance.

C)Ignorance of the facts on the part of a juror today is evidence of

impartiality.

D)When means of communication had proved abundant,there was

nothing to be said for the idea.

Passage 15

The kind of music, song, and dance a people generates, with its

characteristic rhythm and beat, forms one of the best indexes of its

cultural style, and in America, the dominant musical styles are blues,

swing and jazz. The lyrics to this music are often foolishly sentimental

and sometimes non-sensical, but frequently they embody a wild and

earthy humor, or a sad and tragic strain. As distinguished from most

American popular tunes, American hot music is not written to be danced

to. Yet there is an internal beat in jazz which relates deeply to dance: the

movements of the body interpret the music's intent better than words

can. When there is dancing, however, the dances break away from a

formal pattern and, at their bat, keep with the improvisation (

即兴

) of

the music. Unlike earlier American folk dances, which are collective,

so- called ballroom dancing is performed by couples. Each couple is

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comparatively alone, not being well enough acquainted with the other

couples on the dance floor to join them. But, in the swing dancing, as the

music mounts the partners separate to execute complicated solo

variations and then rejoin each other. As the music approaches one of its

climaxes, the dancers pay the musicians the tribute (

赞美

) of gathering

around to cheer them on. In popular dance and music, Americans come

closer to reaching a native idiom of religious feeling than they do in any

other aspect of their lives.

The main idea of the passage is that _____.[ANSWER]

A)popular dance and music are an important aspect of American life

B)the American hot music is different from most American popular tunes

C)modern dancing is different from earlier American folk dances

D)all of the above

The difference between American hot music and most American popular

tunes is that _____.[ANSWER]

A)the lyrics to hot music are nonsensical

B)most American popular tunes are written to be danced to

C)there is not internal beat in hot music

D)hot music can not be interpreted by dance

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According to the passage,the swing dancing _____.[ANSWER]

A)collective

B)performed by couples

C)individual improvising

D)gathering around the musician

Which is the relationship between jazz and dance?[ANSWER]

A)Both the music and the dance have formal pattern.

B)The dances always keep the music to interpret it.

C)Jazz has nothing to do with dance.

D)Jazz can be interpreted by dance,though not so well as by words.

In the swing dancing,the musicians _____.[ANSWER]

A)cheer the dancers on

B)gather around the dancers

C)execute complicated variations

D)were gathered around by the dancers

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