英语中的修辞

Synaesthesia

通感

[,sini s'

θ

i:zi

?

]

Synaesthesia refers to

the

mixing of

sensations; the concurrent appeal to

more

than one sense; the response

through several senses to the stimulation.

E.g.

：

a sour look

酸溜溜的一瞥

What a noisy scarf it is!

好艳丽的一条围巾！

Metonymy

换喻

is

a

figure

of

speech

in

which

one

word

or

phrase

is

substituted

for

another

with

which

it

is

closely

associated.

英语中常见的换喻有以下几种：

1< /p>

人体器官代替其行为或能力：

e.g. He has an eye for beaty

.

2

用工具指代相关的物或人：

e.g. That farmer gave up the plough.

3

用容器的名称来代替所盛的东西：

e.g. They chatted over a bottle

。

4< /p>

明显的特点或特色代表人或物：

e.g. His elder sister went to the stage; the young one has taken the veil.

Our eleven has won the game.

5

用制造者名字代表制成品：

e.g. Do you like to read Shakespeare?

6

用地方代替事物：

e.g. The world is watching closely what the White House will do next.

Synecdoche

提喻

1

用局部代替整体

e.g. Many hands make light work.

2

用整体代替局部

e.g. It (the volleyball match) is a close contest. In the end, China won.

3

用个体代替整个一类

e.g.

She is another Madam Curie.

4

用具体代替抽象

e.g. Every life has its roses and thorns.

5

用抽象带具体

e.g. Life was a wearing to him.

6

用材料代替事物

e.g. Have you any coppers?

1

C.F.

Metonymy & Synecdoche

1But I was not one to let my heart rule my head.

Metonymy

2There is a limit to What flesh and blood can bear.

Synecdoche

Hyperbole

夸张

or

overstatement

夸张

It distorts the truth by great exaggeration.

As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,

So deep in luve am I,

And I will luve thee still, my dear,

Till a’ the seas gang dry

,

And the rocks melt wi

’ the sun!

And I will luve thee still, my dear,

While the sands o’ life shall run.

Understatement/litotes[ 'lait

?

uti:z]

A figure of speech in which a writer or speaker deliberately makes a situation seem less important or serious

than it is.

E.g. His recent book is no small accomplishment.

The face wasn’t a bad one; It had

what they called charm.

Euphemism

委婉

死亡

to pass away

, to be no

more, to be gone, to

go west, to

fall asleep, to

lose one’s

life, to breathe one’s

last, to meet on

e’s Maker, to go the way of all earth, to return to dust/the earth

厕所

washroom, bathroom, restroom, comfort station, powder room, ladies’ gents’, men’s

to be expecting, to be in a family way

old people

the elderly/senior citizens

garbage collector

sanitation engineer

undertaker

funeral director

gardener

landscape architect

file clerk

research consultant

Antonomasia

换称

[,? nt

?

no'me

???

]

Antonomasi

就是借用一个具有某些家喻户晓的特点的专有名称

,

来代换一 个具有共同特征的普通名称

;

An tonomasia

代体的主要渊源是西方宗教、历史和文学

,

换称与转喻十分相近

,

但又有所不同< /p>

.

恰当地使

用换称

,

能达到多种修辞效果

.

Examples:Both sides are looking for a virgin birth, a deal with no obvious father.

There is no reason to expect that Iraq will stop its byzantine procurement practice soon.

The National

Aeronautics and space Administration

had called

it a ―success

-

oriented‖ schedule to

get the space

shuttle flying again, but the odyssey

of ―Discovery‖ was beset wi

th various problems.

Allusion

指文学作品中引用的史料性文字

E.g.

He has some reasonable causes, but most of the times fight with windmills.

动词短语

‖fight with windmills‖

出自文艺复兴时期西班牙文学巨匠塞万提斯的名著《堂

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