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英语中的修辞

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2021-02-28 23:46
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2021年2月28日发(作者:sandy)


Synaesthesia


通感


[,sini s'


θ


i:zi


?

]



Synaesthesia refers to


the


mixing of


sensations; the concurrent appeal to


more


than one sense; the response


through several senses to the stimulation.


E.g.



a sour look





酸溜溜的一瞥








What a noisy scarf it is!


好艳丽的一条围巾!



Metonymy


换喻




is


a


figure


of


speech


in


which


one


word


or


phrase


is


substituted


for


another


with


which


it


is


closely


associated.



英语中常见的换喻有以下几种:



1< /p>


人体器官代替其行为或能力:


e.g. He has an eye for beaty


.


2


用工具指代相关的物或人:


e.g. That farmer gave up the plough.


3


用容器的名称来代替所盛的东西:


e.g. They chatted over a bottle




4< /p>


明显的特点或特色代表人或物:


e.g. His elder sister went to the stage; the young one has taken the veil.




































Our eleven has won the game.


5


用制造者名字代表制成品:


e.g. Do you like to read Shakespeare?


6


用地方代替事物:


e.g. The world is watching closely what the White House will do next.


Synecdoche




提喻



1


用局部代替整体


e.g. Many hands make light work.


2


用整体代替局部


e.g. It (the volleyball match) is a close contest. In the end, China won.


3


用个体代替整个一类


e.g.



She is another Madam Curie.


4


用具体代替抽象


e.g. Every life has its roses and thorns.


5


用抽象带具体


e.g. Life was a wearing to him.



6


用材料代替事物


e.g. Have you any coppers?



1


C.F.



Metonymy & Synecdoche


1But I was not one to let my heart rule my head.




Metonymy


2There is a limit to What flesh and blood can bear.



Synecdoche



Hyperbole


夸张




or



overstatement


夸张



It distorts the truth by great exaggeration.








As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,










So deep in luve am I,










And I will luve thee still, my dear,










Till a’ the seas gang dry


,











And the rocks melt wi


’ the sun!











And I will luve thee still, my dear,










While the sands o’ life shall run.



Understatement/litotes[ 'lait


?


uti:z]



A figure of speech in which a writer or speaker deliberately makes a situation seem less important or serious


than it is.



E.g. His recent book is no small accomplishment.









The face wasn’t a bad one; It had


what they called charm.


Euphemism


委婉



死亡




to pass away


, to be no


more, to be gone, to


go west, to


fall asleep, to


lose one’s


life, to breathe one’s


last, to meet on


e’s Maker, to go the way of all earth, to return to dust/the earth




厕所



washroom, bathroom, restroom, comfort station, powder room, ladies’ gents’, men’s



to be expecting, to be in a family way



old people



the elderly/senior citizens


garbage collector



sanitation engineer


undertaker












funeral director


gardener















landscape architect


file clerk















research consultant



Antonomasia


换称


[,? nt


?


no'me


???


]



Antonomasi


就是借用一个具有某些家喻户晓的特点的专有名称


,


来代换一 个具有共同特征的普通名称


;



An tonomasia


代体的主要渊源是西方宗教、历史和文学


,


换称与转喻十分相近


,


但又有所不同< /p>


.


恰当地使


用换称


,


能达到多种修辞效果


.



Examples:Both sides are looking for a virgin birth, a deal with no obvious father.










There is no reason to expect that Iraq will stop its byzantine procurement practice soon.










The National


Aeronautics and space Administration


had called


it a ―success


-


oriented‖ schedule to


get the space



shuttle flying again, but the odyssey


of ―Discovery‖ was beset wi


th various problems.


Allusion






指文学作品中引用的史料性文字




E.g.



He has some reasonable causes, but most of the times fight with windmills.







动词短语


‖fight with windmills‖


出自文艺复兴时期西班牙文学巨匠塞万提斯的名著《堂


·

< p>
吉珂德》



小说的主人公堂


·


吉珂德满脑子奇怪念头,他把高大的磨坊风车当巨人,决定把他们除掉。他还说这< /p>


是正义的战争,


消灭地球上这种坏东西是为上帝立大功。


结果,


旋转的风车将他手中的长枪折成几段,


他 连人带马狠狠摔倒在地。因此,该短语便有了



比喻荒谬怪诞的 行为或与假敌人作战



之意。




2


Tumors


fall to a Trojan


horse. Altered bugs can carry a


lethal enzyme to skin cancer cell. (


肿瘤变成了一具


特洛伊木马。脑瘤组织内发生变化的病菌可能携带一种能够杀死皮肤癌细胞的酵素。


)


Trojan


horse


源自希腊 神话特洛伊王子帕里斯访问希腊,诱走了王后海伦,希腊人因此远征特洛伊。


围攻


9


年后,


到第


10< /p>


年,


希腊将领奥德修斯献了一计,


就是把 一批勇士埋伏在一匹巨大的木马腹内,


放在城外后,佯作退兵。特洛伊人以为敌兵已退, 就把木马作为战利品搬入城中。到了夜间,埋伏在


木马中的勇士跳出来,打开了城门,希 腊将士一拥而入攻下了城池。



如今有



一经潜入,后患无穷



之意




Hendiadys


重言法



[hen'dai


?


dis]



Hendiadys


is


a


figure


of


speech


in


which


two


connotative


words


connected


by


a


conjunction


are


used


to


express a single complex notion that wou


ld normally be expressed by an adjective and a substantive‖




即两< /p>


个实词用一个连词连接表示一个复杂的概念,形式上看象并列关系,而意义上却是偏正关系 。




E.g. Trial and error is the source of knowledge.







The heaviness and guilt within my bosom take off my manhood.



Polysy ndeton


连词叠用【


p


?


li'sindit


?


n





using several conjunctions in close succession, especially where some might be omitted






在一组单词、短语或从句中,连续 使用某个连词,比如在例句中,连续使用


and,


给人一种一气呵


成的感觉。



E.g.



I


said,


―Who killed


him?‖ and


he


said,


―I don’t know who killed


him but


he’s dead all


right.‖ and


it


was dark


and there was water standing in the street and no light and …



Reiteration [ri:,it


?


'rei


??


n]


重复



the same word, synonyms, superordinate and subordinate.


-


-


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