美国Musicculturalessay：黑人音乐发展简史

美国

Music cultural essay

：黑人音乐发展简史

美国 文化

essay

：黑人音乐发展简史

在

19

世纪晚期，美国的黑人音乐家们 开始发动音乐活动。一首为赛马即兴创作的歌曲创

造出了拉格泰姆音乐。

“

听起来实在是寒酸

”

，一位 目击者这样说，记者们将

“

拉格泰姆

”

的

名称公之于众。拉格泰姆和蓝调成为了非裔美国音乐里最显著 的形式。大概在

20

世纪左

右，拉格泰 姆音乐开始流行起来，使得音乐家比如詹姆斯和斯科特乔普林名声大震。

1910

年，蓝调音乐的流行程度超过了拉格泰姆，尽管它曾经历了一段艰难的时间，并且

在城市中产阶级黑人和白人群体中流行的更慢。然而，爵士被认为不是纯黑人音乐。尽管

值得注意的是，爵士音乐发展的关键点上，非裔美国人对其革新作出了巨大贡献。

“

另外，

在更大程度上，爵士音乐超越了拉格泰姆和蓝调， 使得黑人音乐家们赢得了非黑人群体的

尊重。

”

爵士被认为是一种起源于美国的艺术形式，大约在

1900

年发源自新奥尔良市。

它的主要特征就是极具特色的声调、切分音节奏和即兴创作。 爵士的狂热喜好者们认为它

是一种被热情激发的艺术形式，一种首次在心里创建起来的模 式。

1800s

hidden

musical

practiceswere

developed

professional

African

American

musicians.

improvised

songabout

popular

racehorse

coined

ragtime

music.“That

sounds

ragged,

witness

supposedly

said,

journalistproclaimed

‘ragtime’

born.”

(Southern,

1997)

Ragtime

bluesbecame

genre

prominently

African

American

music.

Aroundthe

1900s,

ragtime

became

popular

brought

musicians

asJames

Europe

Scott

Joplin.

1910,

blues

became

popular

ragtimein

South

although

harder

slower

beingpopularized

urban

black

middle

class

major

whitecommunity.

Jazz,

other

hand,

considered

purely

black

e

though

points

development,

African

Americanswere

significant

contributors

innovation.

addition,

extentgreater

ragtime

blues,

became

black

musician’s

ticketto

respect

prosperity

largely

nonblack

public.”

(Peretti,2008)

known

originated

America

genreof

American

music

originated

Orleans

circa

1900”.

Definitionof

Jazz,

1998-2012)

characterized

strong

distinctive

tones,

syncopatedrhythm,

improvisation.

considered

listeners

artform,

ideal

inspired

passion,

pattern

first

formed

mindand

subsequently

willed

hands

elicit

notes

aninstrument.

improvisation

defining

component,

continued

toevolve

levels

expressions.

hundred

years,approximately

dozen

styles

formed.

Ragtime

involved

rhythms

originatedfrom

musical

heritage

brought

Africa.

subsequently

incorporatedto

music

created

performers

improvised

instrumentsthat

notably

unconventional

popularly

known

Bands.”

firstragtime

composition

published

Harney.

music,

vitalized

theopposing

rhythms

common

African

dance,

vibrant,

enthusiastic,

oftenextemporaneous.”

Definition

Jazz,

1998-2012)

Classic

originated

Orleans

andtook

small

music.

first

played

brass

bands

werehired

perform

parties

dances.

popular

1800s

theearly

1900s.

retained

lively

syncopations

introduced

ragtime

andinfused

adaptations

popular

melodies

time.

characterized

“collectiveimprovised

solos,

around

melodic

structure,

ideally

built

anemotional

‘hot’

climax.”

Definition

Jazz,

1998-2012)

thetime,

created

style

march

tempo.

Typical

instruments

inthis

ensemble

included

clarinet,

trombone,

trumpet,

banjo,

tuba,

thedrums.

Chicago

style

characterized

harmonicarrangements.

often

requires

technical

abilities

greater

emphasis

individual

solos

emits

feeling

ofrelaxation.

“Contributions

dynamic

players

Benny

Goodman,

BudFreeman,

Eddie

Condon

helped

pioneer

music.”

Definition

ofJazz,

1998-2012)

style

simple

accompanying